Practical Data Communications for Instrumentation and Control [Mīkstie vāki]

Preface		xi
Overview		1	(10)
Introduction		1	(1)
Historical background		2	(1)
Standards		3	(1)
Open systems interconnection (OSI) model		3	(1)
Protocols		4	(1)
Physical standards		5	(1)
Modern instrumentation and control systems		6	(1)
Distributed control systems (DCSs)		7	(1)
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs)		7	(1)
Impact of the microprocessor		8	(1)
Smart instrumentation systems		9	(2)
Basic principles		11	(24)
Bits, bytes and characters		12	(1)
Communication principles		13	(1)
Communication modes		13	(1)
Asynchronous systems		14	(1)
Synchronous systems		15	(1)
Error detection		16	(1)
Transmission characteristics		17	(1)
Data coding		18	(11)
The universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)		29	(5)
The high speed UART (16550)		34	(1)
Serial communication standards		35	(67)
Standards organizations		36	(2)
Serial data communications interface standards		38	(1)
Balanced and unbalanced transmission lines		38	(2)
EIA-232 interface standard (CCITT V.24 interface standard)		40	(13)
Troubleshooting serial data communication circuits		53	(1)
Test equipment		54	(4)
RS-449 interface standard (November 1977)		58	(1)
RS-423 interface standard		58	(1)
The RS-422 interface standard		59	(3)
The RS-485 interface standard		62	(5)
Troubleshooting and testing with RS-485		67	(1)
RS/TIA-530A interface standard (May 1992)		68	(1)
RS/TIA-562 interface standard (June 1992)		68	(1)
Comparison of the EIA interface standards		69	(1)
The 20 mA current loop		70	(1)
Serial interface converters		71	(2)
Interface to serial printers		73	(1)
Parallel data communications interface standards		74	(1)
General purpose interface bus (GPIB) or IEEE-488 or IEC-625		74	(6)
The Centronics interface standard		80	(2)
The universal serial bus (USB)		82	(20)
Error detection		102	(10)
Origin of errors		102	(1)
Factors affecting signal propagation		103	(1)
Types of error detection, control and correction		104	(7)
Other control mechanisms		111	(1)
Cabling basics		112	(12)
Overview		112	(1)
Copper-based cables		113	(1)
Twisted pair cables		114	(2)
Coaxial cables		116	(1)
Fiber-optic cables		116	(8)
Electrical noise and interference		124	(21)
Definition of noise		124	(2)
Frequency analysis of noise		126	(5)
Sources of electrical noise		131	(1)
Electrical coupling of noise		131	(7)
Shielding		138	(1)
Good shielding performance ratios		139	(1)
Cable ducting or raceways		139	(1)
Cable spacing		139	(1)
Earthing and grounding requirements		140	(2)
Suppression techniques		142	(2)
Filtering		144	(1)
Modems and multiplexers		145	(41)
Introduction		146	(1)
Modes of operation		147	(1)
Synchronous or asynchronous		147	(2)
Interchange circuits		149	(1)
Flow control		149	(1)
Distortion		150	(2)
Modulation techniques		152	(4)
Components of a modem		156	(2)
Types of modem		158	(4)
Radio modems		162	(5)
Error detection/correction		167	(3)
Data compression techniques		170	(4)
Modem standards		174	(2)
Troubleshooting a system using modems		176	(2)
Selection considerations		178	(2)
Multiplexing concepts		180	(4)
Terminal multiplexers		184	(1)
Statistical multiplexers		185	(1)
Introduction to protocols		186	(13)
Flow control protocols		187	(1)
XON/OFF		187	(1)
Binary synchronous protocol		187	(3)
HDLC and SDLC protocols		190	(3)
File transfer protocols		193	(6)
Open systems interconnection model		199	(6)
Data communications for instrumentation and control		199	(2)
Individual OSI layers		201	(1)
OSI analogy		202	(1)
An example of an industrial control application		203	(1)
Simplified OSI model		204	(1)
Industrial protocols		205	(34)
Introduction		205	(1)
ASCII based protocols		206	(4)
ASCII based protocol ANSI-X3.28-2.5-A4		210	(4)
Modbus protocol		214	(15)
Allen Bradley Data Highway (Plus) protocol		229	(10)
Hart protocol		239	(9)
Introduction to HART and smart instrumentation		239	(1)
Highway addressable remote transducer (HART)		240	(1)
Physical layer		241	(2)
Data link layer		243	(1)
Application layer		244	(2)
Typical specification for a Rosemount transmitter		246	(2)
Open industrial Fieldbus and DeviceNet systems		248	(43)
Introduction		248	(1)
Overview		249	(6)
Actuator sensor interface (AS-i)		255	(7)
Seriplex		262	(3)
CANbus, DeviceNet and SDS systems		265	(6)
Interbus-S		271	(3)
Profibus		274	(6)
Factory information bus (FIP)		280	(2)
WorldFip		282	(1)
Foundation Fieldbus		283	(8)
Local area networks (LANs)		291	(34)
Overview		292	(1)
Circuit and packet switching		292	(1)
Network topologies		293	(2)
Media access control mechanisms		295	(2)
Transmission techniques		297	(1)
Summary of LAN standards		298	(1)
Ethernet		299	(2)
Medium access control		301	(1)
Ethernet protocol operation		302	(3)
Ethernet hardware requirements		305	(3)
Ethernet performance predictions		308	(1)
Reducing collisions		309	(1)
Fast Ethernet		310	(1)
Token ring		310	(3)
Token bus		313	(1)
Token bus protocol operations		314	(3)
Internetwork connections		317	(3)
Network operating systems		320	(1)
Network architectures and protocols		321	(2)
NOS products		323	(2)
Appendix A Numbering systems		325	(6)
Appendix B Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) program listing		331	(3)
Appendix C Serial link design		334	(24)
Appendix D Glossary		358	(23)
Index		381

Steve Mackay is a professional engineer with over twenty-five years' experience throughout the world with a particular interest in data acquisition techniques, industrial data communications and process control. He is the Technical Director of IDC Technologies and consults widely to clients in the oil and gas, mining and manufacturing industries. Steve has presented courses to over 12,000 engineers and technicians throughout the world. A professional engineer working for IDC Technologies with over thirty-five years' experience focussing mainly on the telecommunications and data communications industries who has consulted in these areas and presented training courses to over 15,000 engineers and technicians throughout the world.Edwin has over 20 years of practical experience in the planning, design, construction and operation of telecommunications systems, data networks and SCADA systems. He has also been involved as Project Manager on many SCADA and telecommunications projects and has a passion for the topic. He is the co-author of three best selling books on Ethernet, OPC, and Computer Networks. The Internet and TCP/IP and the Principles of Data Communications and has also published numerous papers. He has also consulted widely on SCADA, OPC, data communications and telecommunications issues in the USA, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand. Over the past five years more than 8000 engineers and technicians have attended his workshops worldwide. When not working in the communications world he relaxes by reading and writing on technology issues at his beachside home. John Park is a staff engineer with IDC Technologies with a particular interest in electronics, circuit board design and data communications. He has presented training courses throughout the world to over 15,000 engineers and technicians.