Introduction |
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viii | |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvi | |
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1 | (30) |
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3 | (5) |
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1.2 Crack Patterns and Cracks |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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1.4 Contra Rotational Movement |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (8) |
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22 | (4) |
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1.7 Movement and Orientation |
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26 | (2) |
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1.8 Summary of First Principles and Process |
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28 | (3) |
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Part 2 Cracks in Buildings not Related to Foundations |
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31 | (110) |
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33 | (11) |
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2.2 Cavity Wall Tie Corrosion |
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44 | (9) |
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2.3 Corrosion of Metal Built into Walls |
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53 | (4) |
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2.4 Vibration of Built in Fixings |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (7) |
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2.6 Springing from Deflected Beams |
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67 | (3) |
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2.7 Lack of Lateral Stability |
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70 | (6) |
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2.8 Lack of Lateral Stability in Modern Gable Walls |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (5) |
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2.10 Absence of Lintels (Beams) Over Openings in Cavity Walls |
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84 | (7) |
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91 | (4) |
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95 | (4) |
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2.13 Differential Movement |
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99 | (2) |
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2.14 Arch Thrust and Arch Flattening |
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101 | (8) |
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109 | (3) |
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2.16 Bulging of Walls due to Decay of Bonding Timbers |
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112 | (3) |
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2.17 Bulging and Separation in Solid Brick Walls |
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115 | (3) |
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2.18 Separation of Rubble Filled Stone Walls |
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118 | (2) |
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2.19 Floor Slab Settlement (Compaction) |
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120 | (7) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (5) |
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2.22 Concrete Block Shrinkage |
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134 | (4) |
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2.23 Shrinkage of Calcium Silicate Bricks |
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138 | (3) |
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Part 3 Cracks in Buildings Related to the Foundations and Ground Movement |
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141 | (44) |
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143 | (8) |
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145 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Design for Stability |
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147 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Identifying Below Ground Defects |
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148 | (3) |
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3.2 Foundation Movement Caused by Clay Shrinkage |
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151 | (8) |
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159 | (3) |
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3.4 Seasonal Expansion of Clay Subsoil |
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162 | (2) |
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3.5 Eccentric Loading on Foundations |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (2) |
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3.7 Load Concentrations on Foundations |
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169 | (2) |
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3.8 Differential Foundation Movement |
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171 | (5) |
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3.9 Initial Settlement after Construction or Alterations |
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176 | (3) |
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3.10 Leaking Drains and Water Discharge Near to Buildings |
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179 | (3) |
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3.11 Drains and Drain Trenches |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (28) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (2) |
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4.3 Re-pointing with Epoxy Mortar |
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191 | (1) |
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4.4 Stitching in Brickwork |
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192 | (1) |
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4.5 Reinforcing Brick Mortar Joints |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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4.9 Preventing Roof Spread |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (4) |
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4.11 Expanding Foam Underpinning |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (2) |
Index |
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213 | |