List of Tables, Figures, and Photos |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
About the Authors |
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xxi | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (13) |
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Exploring Presidential Leadership |
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3 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Approaches to Studying the Presidency |
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5 | (6) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
2 The Powers of the Presidency |
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14 | (35) |
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The Constitutional Design |
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15 | (10) |
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The Constitutional Convention |
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18 | (3) |
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Box 2.1 Can a Sitting President Be Indicted? |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (4) |
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Box 2.2 Donald Trump Agrees: The President Can Refuse to Obey or Implement Unconstitutional Laws |
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24 | (1) |
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The Importance of Precedent: Early Controversies and Contemporary |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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The Neutrality Proclamation |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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Accounting for Growth in Presidential Power |
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34 | (9) |
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Increase in the Size of Government |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (3) |
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Jurisprudential Doctrines |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (3) |
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The Ultimate Check: Impeachment and Removal |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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47 | (2) |
3 The Nomination Process |
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49 | (25) |
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The Evolution of the Nominating System |
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50 | (2) |
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The Nomination System Today |
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52 | (3) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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The Caucus and Primary Calendar |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (10) |
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56 | (3) |
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Polling, Positioning, and Tracking Delegates |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (3) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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Box 3.1 Upsetting the Odds: Trump's Insurgent Victory |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (2) |
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The Influence of the Nomination on the General Election and on Governance |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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72 | (2) |
4 The Presidential Election |
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74 | (33) |
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74 | (10) |
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The Origins of the Electoral College |
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75 | (1) |
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How the Electoral College Works |
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76 | (1) |
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Violating Political Equality |
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77 | (2) |
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Electing the Loser of the Popular Vote |
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79 | (1) |
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Defending State Interests or Distorting the Campaign? |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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Protecting Non-State-Based Minority Interests |
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82 | (1) |
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Consequences of Direct Election |
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83 | (1) |
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The General Election Campaign |
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84 | (10) |
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Organization and Operations |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (6) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (4) |
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Box 4.1 Russian Interference in the 2016 Election |
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101 | (2) |
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Box 4.2 Who Voted for Trump? |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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105 | (2) |
5 The President and the Public |
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107 | (28) |
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Understanding Public Opinion |
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108 | (7) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (3) |
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Presidential Election Results |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Acting Contrary to Public Opinion |
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114 | (1) |
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Box 5.1 Donald Trump Keeps His Promises |
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114 | (1) |
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Public Expectations of the President |
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115 | (7) |
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116 | (4) |
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Contradictory Expectations |
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120 | (2) |
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Public Approval of the President |
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122 | (10) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
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Box 5.2 Donald Trump and Public Disapproval |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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The Persistence of Approval |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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133 | (2) |
6 Leading the Public |
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135 | (38) |
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Direct Opinion Leadership |
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136 | (11) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (3) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Public Attentiveness and Understanding |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (2) |
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Increasing the Salience of Popular Issues |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (5) |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (13) |
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153 | (4) |
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157 | (2) |
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Box 6.1 Donald Trump as First Tweeter |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (6) |
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Box 6.2 Donald Trump's Uneasy Relationship with the Truth |
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163 | (2) |
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Success of Opinion Leadership |
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165 | (5) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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171 | (2) |
7 The President and the Media |
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173 | (37) |
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The Evolution of Media Coverage |
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174 | (2) |
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Relations between the President and the Press |
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176 | (13) |
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Box 7.1 Donald Trump as Media Adversary |
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176 | (2) |
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The White House Press Corps |
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178 | (1) |
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The Presidential Press Operation |
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178 | (4) |
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182 | (5) |
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187 | (2) |
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Press Coverage of the President |
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189 | (12) |
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189 | (4) |
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Box 7.2 The Leaky Trump White House |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (4) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (7) |
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Setting the Public's Agenda |
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202 | (1) |
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Media Framing and Priming |
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202 | (2) |
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Public Knowledge and Attitudes |
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204 | (1) |
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Limiting the President's Options |
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205 | (1) |
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Undermining the President |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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209 | (1) |
8 The Structure of the Presidency |
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210 | (33) |
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The Development of a Presidential Institution |
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211 | (6) |
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211 | (2) |
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The First Presidential Assistants |
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213 | (1) |
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Evolution of the Cabinet as an Advisory Body |
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213 | (4) |
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From the Bureau of the Budget to the EOP |
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217 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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The New Deal and the Brownlow Committee |
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219 | (1) |
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The Executive Office of the President |
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219 | (13) |
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The White House Office (WHO) |
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220 | (9) |
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Box 8.1 Donald Trump's Chiefs of Staff |
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223 | (6) |
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The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) |
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229 | (1) |
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The National Security Council (NSC) |
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229 | (1) |
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The Homeland Security Council (HSC) |
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230 | (1) |
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The Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) |
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231 | (1) |
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Other Specialized Offices |
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231 | (1) |
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The Challenges of Centralization |
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232 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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White House-Cabinet Tensions |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Transitioning to the Presidency |
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234 | (1) |
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The Vice President and the President's Spouse |
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234 | (6) |
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235 | (3) |
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Box 8.2 Vice President Mike Pence |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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241 | (2) |
9 Presidential Decision Making |
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243 | (43) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Organization and Style of Decision Making |
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246 | (12) |
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246 | (4) |
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Box 9.1 Donald Trump's Fractious White House |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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Presidential Participation |
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253 | (5) |
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Box 9.2 Donald Trump as Decision Maker |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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Relationships with Advisers |
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258 | (7) |
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Disagreeing with the President |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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Impact of the Decision-Making Process |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (7) |
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265 | (3) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (2) |
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Bureaucratic Politics and Structure |
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274 | (10) |
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Organizational Parochialism |
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274 | (1) |
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Maintaining the Organization |
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275 | (2) |
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Organizational and Personal Influence |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (4) |
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Standard Operating Procedures |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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284 | (2) |
10 The President and the Executive Branch |
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286 | (47) |
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Lack of Attention to Implementation |
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287 | (3) |
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Communication of Presidential Decisions |
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290 | (7) |
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290 | (4) |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (9) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (6) |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (15) |
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306 | (2) |
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Bureaucratic Responsiveness to the President |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (8) |
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Box 10.1 Donald Trump Decapitates the Bureaucracy |
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312 | (2) |
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Box 10.2 Donald Trump Builds an Administration |
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314 | (5) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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The Bureaucratic Structure |
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321 | (6) |
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Standard Operating Procedures |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (4) |
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327 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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Failing to Report Problems |
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329 | (1) |
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Failing to Use Information |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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Centralizing Decision Making |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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331 | (2) |
11 The President and Congress |
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333 | (45) |
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Formal Legislative Powers |
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334 | (1) |
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Sources of Conflict between the Executive and the Legislature |
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335 | (4) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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Information and Expertise |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (13) |
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Party Support of the President |
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339 | (4) |
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343 | (3) |
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Maintaining and Increasing Party Numbers |
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346 | (4) |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (4) |
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352 | (2) |
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354 | (3) |
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Box 11.1 Did Trump Win a Mandate? |
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355 | (1) |
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Evaluating Strategic Position |
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356 | (1) |
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Presidential Legislative Skills |
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357 | (13) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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Providing Services and Amenities |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (2) |
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Box 11.2 Trump Pressures Members of Congress |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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The Impact of Legislative Skills |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (4) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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375 | (3) |
12 The President and the Judiciary |
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378 | (33) |
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379 | (14) |
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Selection of Lower-Court Judges |
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379 | (4) |
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Backgrounds of Lower-Court Judges |
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383 | (3) |
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Selection of Supreme Court Justices |
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386 | (5) |
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Box 12.1 Donald Trump's Supreme Court Nominations |
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391 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Justices |
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391 | (2) |
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President-Supreme Court Relations |
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393 | (6) |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (2) |
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Enforcing Court Decisions |
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397 | (2) |
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Other Relationships 398 . |
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Complying with the Supreme Court |
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399 | (3) |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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Deference to the President |
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402 | (4) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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Box 12.2 Donald Trump Struggles with the Courts |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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409 | (2) |
13 Domestic and Economic Policy Making |
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411 | (24) |
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The Development of a Domestic Policy-Making Role |
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412 | (1) |
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Domestic Policy Units within the White House Office and the EOP |
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413 | (3) |
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Growth of White House Policy Staffs |
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414 | (1) |
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Policy Roles of the Office of Management and Budget |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (6) |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (3) |
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Box 13.1 Trump and Tariffs |
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422 | (1) |
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Budgeting and Fiscal Policy |
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422 | (10) |
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424 | (4) |
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Box 13.2 Donald Trump and the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (4) |
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432 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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432 | (3) |
14 Foreign and Defense Policy |
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435 | |
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Box 14.1 Donald Trump Confronts the Problem of North Korea |
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436 | (1) |
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The Constitutional Design |
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437 | (2) |
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Growth of Presidential Power |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (10) |
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439 | (5) |
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444 | (3) |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (1) |
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Commander in Chief and the Use of Force |
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449 | (5) |
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450 | (3) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (3) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (2) |
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The Organization of Foreign and Defense Policy |
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457 | (5) |
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Box 14.2 The Trump Administration Speaks with Many Voices |
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458 | (4) |
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462 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions; Web Exercises; Selected Readings |
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463 | |
Appendix A: Methods for Studying the Presidency |
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A-1 | |
Appendix B: Nonelectoral Succession, Removal, and Tenure |
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A-10 | |
Appendix C: Provisions of the Constitution of the United States Relating to the Presidency |
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A-15 | |
Appendix D: 2016 Presidential Election Results |
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A-23 | |
Notes |
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N-1 | |
Index |
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I-1 | |