Pressure Retarded Osmosis: Renewable Energy Generation and Recovery offers the first comprehensive resource on this method of generating renewable energy. Dr. Khaled Touati and the team of editors combine their expertise with contributions from other leaders in the field to create this well-rounded resource which discusses and analyses this novel method of creating a controllable renewable energy.
The promises of the PRO technique are first clearly presented and explained, and the authors then provide a comprehensive analysis of the issues that remain such as Concentration Polarization, Membrane Deformation and Reverse Salt Diffusion. Possible solutions to these issues which often restrict industrial implementation are then discussed to mitigate these detrimental effects, and there is also an emphasis on the recovery of energy from desalination processes using PRO which is able to reduce energy consumption and make it more economically and environmentally efficient.
- Combines research with experience to deliver a complete resource on Pressure Retarded Osmosis
- Discusses all areas of PRO in detail, offers solutions to problems experienced, and clearly summarizes each method discussed with a clear and concise conclusion
- Includes case studies from the Great Salt Lake (U.S.A) and Dead Sea (Asia), as well as other rivers from America, Europe and Asia
Papildus informācija
The first comprehensive resource on using the Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) technique to generate controllable renewable energy
| Preface |
|
vii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
ix | |
| Introduction |
|
xi | |
|
1 Pressure Retarded Osmosis as Renewable Energy Source |
|
|
1 | (54) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
2 Salinity Gradient Energy |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
3 Pressure Retarded Osmosis |
|
|
4 | (14) |
|
4 Development of Pressure Retarded Osmosis |
|
|
18 | (12) |
|
5 Integration of Pressure Retarded Osmosis With Desalination Processes |
|
|
30 | (7) |
|
6 Pressure Retarded Osmosis Limitations and Suggested Solutions |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
7 Pressure Retarded Osmosis Energy Cost |
|
|
41 | (4) |
|
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
9 Final Considerations and Conclusions |
|
|
46 | (9) |
|
|
|
48 | (6) |
|
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
2 Water and Salt Fluxes in Pressure Retarded Osmosis |
|
|
55 | (42) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (6) |
|
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
|
|
65 | (12) |
|
5 Effect of the Operating Conditions on the Reverse Salt Flux |
|
|
77 | (12) |
|
6 Theoretical Discussion of the Ratio Js/Jw |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
7 Implications on Full-Scale Power Plant |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (5) |
|
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
|
|
94 | (3) |
|
3 Effects of the Temperatures on PRO |
|
|
97 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
2 Model of the Temperature Profile Through the Membrane |
|
|
98 | (4) |
|
|
|
102 | (3) |
|
4 Effect of the Operating Temperature on the Feed and Draw Solution Chemistry |
|
|
105 | (2) |
|
5 Effect of the Bulk Temperatures on the Membrane Temperature Distribution |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
6 Effect of the Bulk Temperatures on the Membrane Parameters |
|
|
109 | (7) |
|
7 Effect of the Operating Temperature on the Hydrodynamics Parameters |
|
|
116 | (7) |
|
8 Effect of the Temperature on the Specific Salt Flux Js/Jw |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
|
|
125 | (4) |
|
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
4 Integration of PRO into Desalination Processes |
|
|
129 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
2 Energy Consumption of the Desalination Processes |
|
|
130 | (4) |
|
3 Energy Recovery From Seawater Reverse Osmosis |
|
|
134 | (5) |
|
4 Energy Recovery From Two-Staged Seawater Reverse Osmosis |
|
|
139 | (6) |
|
5 Energy Recovery From Thermal Desalination Processes |
|
|
145 | (4) |
|
|
|
149 | (4) |
|
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
|
150 | (3) |
|
5 Implementing Salinity Gradient Energy at River Mouths |
|
|
153 | (20) |
|
Oscar-Andres Alvarez-Silva |
|
|
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
2 Theoretical Energy From Mixing Freshwater and Seawater |
|
|
154 | (2) |
|
3 Environmental Constraints |
|
|
156 | (6) |
|
4 Reliability of the Energy Exploitation |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
5 Efficiency of the Energy Conversion |
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
6 Effects of the Salinity Structure on the Potential |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
7 Fouling: A Major Challenge |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
8 Final Remarks and Prospective |
|
|
168 | (5) |
|
|
|
169 | (4) |
| Index |
|
173 | |
Dr. Eng. Khaled Touati - Dr of Industrial Engineering and Eng. of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation Laboratory of Natural Water Treatment- Water Researches and Technologies Center. Professor Tadeos main interest area is Systems with Constraints, in particular Observation and Control of Positive Systems, Optimal Control, Neutralization Processes, Greenhouses, Hydrogen Reformers, Membranes, Renewable Energies, etc. Prof. Joon Ha Kim has a background of Chemical & Environmental Engineering disciplines from Korea as well as California in the US. He has researched on the academic area of environmental systems engineering, which associates complex environmental systems, modelings, and optimized solutions to mitigate the problems caused by the intrinsic complexities in the environmental systems. Professor Silva obtained a Master of Civil Engineering in Water Resources from National University of Colombia. He also has a PhD in Marine Sciences from National University of Colombia. Sung Ho Chae, PhD, Environmental Systems Engineering Lab, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
