Preface |
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1 Volatility Trading and Variance Derivatives |
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1 | (38) |
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1.1 Implied volatility and local volatility |
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3 | (3) |
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1.2 Volatility trading using options |
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6 | (5) |
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1.2.1 Taking volatility position using straddles and strangles |
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6 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Volatility exposure generated by delta hedging options |
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8 | (3) |
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1.3 Derivatives on discrete realized variance |
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11 | (7) |
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1.3.1 Swaps and options on realized variance and volatility |
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11 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Generalized variance swaps |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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1.3.4 Target volatility options |
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17 | (1) |
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1.4 Replication of variance swaps |
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18 | (5) |
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1.4.1 Replication of continuous variance swaps |
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19 | (4) |
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1.5 Practical implementation of replication: Finite strikes and discrete monitoring |
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23 | (16) |
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1.5.1 Continuously sampled realized variance replicated by options of finite strikes |
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24 | (2) |
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1.5.2 VIX: Extracting model-free volatility from S&P 500 Index Options |
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26 | (4) |
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1.5.3 Replication of swaps on discrete realized variance |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (4) |
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2 Levy Processes and Stochastic Volatility Models |
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39 | (62) |
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2.1 Compound Poisson process |
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41 | (6) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Stochastic integration |
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45 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Jump measure and Levy measure |
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46 | (1) |
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2.2 Jump-diffusion models |
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47 | (7) |
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48 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Asset price process: Geometric Brownian motion with compound Poisson jumps |
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49 | (3) |
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2.2.3 Merton's model with Gaussian jumps |
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52 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Kou's model with exponential jumps |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (9) |
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55 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Infinite divisibility |
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55 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Characteristic exponent and Levy-Khintchine representation |
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56 | (2) |
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2.3.4 L6vy-It6 decomposition theorem |
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58 | (1) |
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2.3.5 CGMY model: Dampened power law as Ldvy measure |
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59 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Generalized Hyperbolic model |
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61 | (1) |
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2.3.7 Martingale condition on drift under risk neutral measure |
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62 | (1) |
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2.4 Time-changed Levy processes |
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63 | (10) |
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2.4.1 Time-change techniques: Subordinators and activity rates |
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63 | (4) |
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2.4.2 Variance Gamma model |
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67 | (4) |
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2.4.3 Normal Inverse Gaussian model |
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71 | (2) |
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2.4.4 Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model |
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73 | (1) |
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2.5 Stochastic volatility models with jumps |
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73 | (8) |
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2.5.1 Distribution formulas of instantaneous variance of CIR type |
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77 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Pricing of swap on continuous realized variance |
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79 | (2) |
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2.6 Affine jump-diffusion stochastic volatility models |
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81 | (5) |
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2.6.1 Joint moment generating function of the affine model |
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81 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Numerical valuation of complex algorithms and Heston trap |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (1) |
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2.7 3/2 stochastic volatility model |
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86 | (15) |
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88 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Partial Fourier transform of the triple joint density |
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88 | (3) |
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2.7.3 Partial Fourier transform of the joint density function of (X,V) |
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91 | (1) |
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2.7.4 Joint characteristic function of (X,I) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (7) |
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3 VIX Derivatives under Consistent Models and Direct Models |
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101 | (32) |
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3.1 VIX, variance swap rate and VIX derivatives |
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102 | (5) |
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3.1.1 Relation between variance swap rate and VIX2 under jumps |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (2) |
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3.2 Pricing VIX derivatives under consistent models |
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107 | (16) |
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3.2.1 Affine stochastic volatility models |
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107 | (8) |
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3.2.2 3/2-Model with Jumps in Index Value |
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115 | (3) |
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3.2.3 Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (3) |
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3.3 Direct modeling of VIX |
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123 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Multifactor affine jump-diffusion models |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (3) |
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4 Swap Products on Discrete Variance and Volatility |
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133 | (50) |
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4.1 Direct expectation of square of log return |
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134 | (7) |
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4.2 Nested expectation via partial integro-differential equation |
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141 | (12) |
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4.2.1 Vanilla variance swaps under the Heston stochastic volatility model |
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142 | (4) |
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4.2.2 Variance swaps under the 3/2-model |
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146 | (7) |
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4.3 Moment generating function methods |
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153 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Variance swap and gamma swap |
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154 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Corridor type swaps |
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156 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Numerical tests of the convergence for discretely monitored variance swaps |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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4.4 Variance swaps under time-changed Levy processes |
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163 | (20) |
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4.4.1 Multiple of log contract for pricing swaps on continuous realized variance |
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164 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Swaps on discrete realized variance |
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166 | (4) |
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4.4.3 Generalized variance swaps |
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170 | (5) |
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4.4.4 Convergence of fair strikes |
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175 | (2) |
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4.4.5 Conditions on convergence in expectation |
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177 | (4) |
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181 | (2) |
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5 Options on Discrete Realized Variance |
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183 | (34) |
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5.1 Adjustment for discretization effect via lognormal approximation |
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185 | (6) |
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5.1.1 Discrete realized variance under the lognormal model |
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186 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Approximation formulas for moment generating function |
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188 | (3) |
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5.2 Normal approximation to conditional distribution of discrete realized variance |
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191 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Conditional normal approximation pricing scheme |
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192 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Simplified conditional pricing schemes |
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194 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Non-simulation asymptotic approximation pricing scheme |
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196 | (3) |
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5.3 Partially exact and bounded approximation for options on discrete realized variance |
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199 | (12) |
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5.3.1 Lower bound with known characteristic function |
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200 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Partially exact and bounded approximation |
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203 | (5) |
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5.3.3 Numerical calculations of partially exact and bounded approximation |
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208 | (3) |
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5.4 Small time asymptotic approximation |
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211 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Small time asymptotics under Levy models |
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211 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Small time asymptotics under the semimartingale models |
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213 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Option pricing using small time asymptotic approximation |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (32) |
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218 | (3) |
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6.1.1 Governing partial differential equation |
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218 | (3) |
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6.2 Pricing perpetual timer options |
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221 | (15) |
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6.2.1 Conditional expectation based on Black-Scholes type formula |
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222 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Integral price formulas under the Heston model |
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225 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Perturbation approximation |
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227 | (9) |
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6.3 Finite maturity discrete timer options |
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236 | (13) |
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6.3.1 Fourier inversion integral price formula |
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237 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Fourier space time stepping numerical algorithm |
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240 | (5) |
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245 | (4) |
Bibliography |
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249 | (16) |
Index |
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265 | |