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E-grāmata: Primate Ecology and Conservation [Oxford Scholarship Online E-books]

Edited by (Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History), Edited by (Office of Global Strategy and Programs, Duke University), Edited by (Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History)
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Primate Ecology and ConservationPalielināt
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Wiley OnlineMore info about Oxford Scholarship Online e-books
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659449.001.0001/acprof-9780199659449
The study of primate ecology and conservation has advanced rapidly in recent years. This practical volume brings together a group of distinguished primate researchers to synthesize field, laboratory, and conservation management techniques for primate ecology and conservation. The synthesis focuses on new and emerging field methods alongside a comprehensive presentation of laboratory and data analysis techniques, as well as the latest methods for determining conservation status and conservation management. This book's particular focus is on innovative ways to study primates in a changing world, including emerging methods such as non-invasive genetic techniques and advanced spatial modeling. In addition to synthesizing field and lab methods, the authors also discuss data interpretation, as well as important guiding questions and principles for students and researchers to consider as they plan research projects in primate ecology and conservation such as: how to choose a field site, acquire research permits, connect with local authorities, communities and researchers, and many other considerations. Although three chapters are dedicated to conservation methods, consideration of conservation status and threats to primate populations are considered throughout this volume where appropriate. This latest publication in the Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series aims to provide a practical empirical reference text with an international scope, appropriate for graduate students, researchers, and conservation professionals across the globe.
List of contributors
xiv
1 Introduction: why a new methods book on primate ecology and conservation?
1(9)
Eleanor J. Sterling
Nora Bynum
Mary E. Blair
1.1 Organization of the book
2(2)
1.2 Getting started: key points of advice for planning a research project
4(4)
1.3 Primate ecology and conservation in a changing world
8(2)
2 Primate census and survey techniques
10(17)
Andrew J. Plumptre
Eleanor J. Sterling
Stephen T. Buckland
2.1 Introduction
10(1)
2.2 History of primate surveying
11(1)
2.3 Total count methods
12(1)
2.4 Genetic methods of surveying
13(1)
2.5 Line transect methods
13(5)
2.6 Using group calls to survey primates
18(2)
2.7 Measurements of relative abundance and occupancy
20(1)
2.8 Nocturnal primates
21(2)
2.9 Tools that can help with primate surveys
23(1)
2.10 Monitoring primates for conservation
24(1)
2.11 Conclusion
25(2)
3 Darting, anesthesia, and handling
27(13)
Kenneth E. Glander
3.1 Introduction---the role of capture in primate field studies
27(2)
3.2 Permits, licenses, and approvals
29(1)
3.3 Public relations
30(1)
3.4 Trapping vs. darting
30(1)
3.5 Darting methods and equipment
31(3)
3.6 Drug type and dose
34(2)
3.7 Safety considerations while handling a captured animal
36(1)
3.8 Recovery
37(1)
3.9 Release
38(1)
3.10 Safety concerns for researchers
38(1)
3.11 Accountability
39(1)
3.12 Conclusion
39(1)
4 Health assessment and epidemiology
40(18)
Michael P. Muehlenbein
Cari M. Lewis
4.1 Introduction
40(1)
4.2 Primate zoonoses and anthropozoonoses
40(2)
4.3 Methods for collection and analyses
42(8)
4.4 Some modest advice
50(4)
4.5 Going beyond basic health monitoring
54(4)
5 Behavior within groups
58(21)
Beth A. Kaplin
Apollinaire William
5.1 Introduction
58(1)
5.2 What is a primate group?
59(2)
5.3 The habituation process
61(2)
5.4 Techniques and approaches in sampling behavior within primate groups
63(3)
5.5 What kinds of questions are asked about behavior within groups?
66(6)
5.6 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and within-group behavior
72(2)
5.7 Social network theory and network analysis
74(3)
5.8 Conclusion
77(2)
6 Habitat assessment and species niche modeling
79(24)
E. Johanna Rode
Carrie J. Stengel
K. Anne-Isola Nekaris
6.1 Introduction
79(1)
6.2 Habitat assessment
79(14)
6.3 Species niche modeling
93(8)
6.4 Concluding remarks
101(2)
7 Characterization of primate environments through assessment of plant phenology
103(25)
Andrew J. Marshall
Serge Wich
7.1 Introduction
103(1)
7.2 Field methods
104(18)
7.3 Data considerations
122(3)
7.4 Conclusion
125(3)
8 Methods in ethnoprimatology: exploring the human-non-human primate interface
128(23)
Erin P. Riley
Amanda L. Ellwanger
8.1 Introduction
128(1)
8.2 Fieldwork logistics
129(5)
8.3 Measuring the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on primate behavioral ecology
134(2)
8.4 Exploring human-non-human primate overlap
136(11)
8.5 Exploring the cultural interconnections: knowledge and perceptions of nature
147(2)
8.6 Conclusions
149(2)
9 Social and spatial relationships between primate groups
151(26)
Michelle Brown
Margaret Crofoot
9.1 Ramifications of inter-group interactions
151(2)
9.2 Classes of inter-group relationships
153(2)
9.3 Field methods and analyses for studying interactions between groups: observations of naturally-occurring interactions
155(9)
9.4 Field methods and analyses for studying interactions between groups: simulating (and stimulating) interactions
164(2)
9.5 Field methods and analyses for studying interactions between groups: detecting the impact of inter-group interactions on patterns of movement and space use
166(9)
9.6 Directions for future research
175(2)
10 Experiments in primatology: from the lab to the field and back again
177(18)
Charles H. Janson
Sarah F. Brosnan
10.1 Introduction
177(2)
10.2 Contrasting benefits of field vs. captive experiments
179(2)
10.3 Design constraints of field vs. captive experiments
181(5)
10.4 Experimental paradigms with primates in the field and captivity
186(2)
10.5 Prospects for future collaboration between field and captive researchers
188(5)
10.6 Conclusions
193(2)
11 Diet and nutrition
195(18)
Jessica M. Rothman
Erin R. Vogel
Scott A. Blumenthal
11.1 Introduction
195(1)
11.2 Observing the animals
195(1)
11.3 Sample collection
196(2)
11.4 Drying samples
198(1)
11.5 Mechanical analysis
198(6)
11.6 Nutritional analysis
204(5)
11.7 Stable isotope analysis
209(3)
11.8 Conclusions
212(1)
12 Physiology and energetics
213(11)
Jutta Schmid
12.1 Introduction
213(1)
12.2 Methods of measuring energy expenditure
214(6)
12.3 Measuring body temperature
220(3)
12.4 Ethical implications and legal aspects
223(1)
13 Primate behavioral endocrinology
224(14)
Nga Nguyen
13.1 Major historical and theoretical developments in wild primate behavioral endocrinology
224(4)
13.2 Applications of non-invasive techniques for monitoring hormones in wild primates
228(5)
13.3 Methodological considerations for field primate behavioral endocrinology
233(4)
13.4 Future directions in the behavioral endocrinology of wild primates
237(1)
14 Population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and phylogeography
238(19)
Mary E. Blair
Alba L. Morales-Jimenez
14.1 Introduction
238(1)
14.2 Obtaining samples for genetic analysis
239(1)
14.3 In the laboratory
240(6)
14.4 Data analysis at the species-level
246(2)
14.5 Data analysis at the population-level
248(8)
14.6 Other research questions
256(1)
15 Demography, life histories, and population dynamics
257(21)
Olga L. Montenegro
15.1 Introduction
257(1)
15.2 Determination of demographic parameters
257(8)
15.3 Life history characteristics
265(2)
15.4 Population dynamics
267(8)
15.5 Modeling extinction risk
275(2)
15.6 Conclusion
277(1)
16 Determining conservation status and contributing to in situ conservation action
278(16)
Mary E. Blair
Nora Bynum
Eleanor J. Sterling
16.1 Introduction
278(1)
16.2 Overview of national and global conventions and lists that include primates
278(7)
16.3 Determining conservation status
285(3)
16.4 Conservation action
288(5)
16.5 Conclusion
293(1)
17 Captive breeding and ex situ conservation
294(29)
Dean Gibson
Colleen McCann
17.1 Introduction
294(2)
17.2 Primate population data sets and sustainability
296(13)
17.3 Recreation, education, and conservation
309(2)
17.4 Research
311(1)
17.5 Re-introduction
311(3)
17.6 Case studies
314(8)
17.7 Conclusion
322(1)
18 Primates in trade
323(23)
Joshua M. S. Linder
Sarah C. Sawyer
Justin S. Brashares
18.1 Introduction
323(8)
18.2 Hunter and household surveys
331(9)
18.3 Market surveys
340(4)
18.4 Conclusion
344(2)
19 Conclusion: the future of studying primates in a changing world
346(5)
Eleanor J. Sterling
Nora Bynum
Mary E. Blair
Bibliography 351(68)
Index 419
Eleanor J. Sterling, Ph.D., is the Director of the American Museum of Natural History's Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC). She studies the distribution patterns of biodiversity in tropical regions of the world and has more than 25 years of field research experience in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, where she has conducted surveys and censuses, as well as behavioral and ecological studies of primates, whales, and other mammals. Dr Sterling has served as an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University since 1997, and as the Director of Graduate Studies for the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology from 2002-2012. She sat on the Board of Governors of the Society for Conservation Biology from 2001-2010 and was the Chair of the Society's Education Committee from 2005-2010. She received her B.A. from Yale College in 1983 and her M. Phil and Ph.D. in Anthropology and Forestry and Environmental Studies from Yale University in 1993.

Nora Bynum, Ph.D., is the Associate Vice Provost of Global Strategy and Programs at Duke University. For the past 15 years, Nora has worked in international capacity building and training in the Americas, Asia, and Africa, while continuing to conduct research on primates in Indonesia and Mexico, and research on phenology, seasonality and climate change in tropical forests of Costa Rica. Nora is also an Adjunct Professor at Duke University, where she has taught since 1995. She serves as Chair of the Board of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research (ACEER) and as Chair of the Education Committee for the Board of Governors of the Society for Conservation Biology. She received her Ph.D. from Yale University in Anthropology and Forestry and Environmental Studies, and her undergraduate degree in Anthropology from Duke University.

Mary E. Blair, Ph.D., is a Biodiversity Scientist at the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History. Her current research integrates molecular techniques with geographic information systems (GIS) modeling to understand the behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary responses of primates to environmental change. She completed her Ph.D. in Evolutionary Primatology at Columbia University, where her dissertation research focused on how habitat fragmentation affects dispersal and the distribution of genetic variation among populations of the endangered Central American Squirrel Monkey in Costa Rica. She was an American Association of University Women (AAUW) Dissertation Writing Fellow and received her B.A. in Biology and Anthropology from Swarthmore College.
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