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xix | |
| Preface |
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xxvii | |
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Development of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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Pathways and Fate of Neural Crest Cells |
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3 | (1) |
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Factors Operating during Neural Crest Migration |
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3 | (1) |
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Neurite Outgrowth and Target Contact |
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4 | (1) |
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Factors Involved in Neurite Outgrowth and Neuronal Survival |
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5 | (1) |
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Synapse Formation and Neuronal Differentiation |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Differentiation of Autonomic Neurons |
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The Autonomic Nervous System Is Derived from Neural Crest Cells |
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6 | (1) |
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Signaling Molecules Regulate the Developmental Processes of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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6 | (1) |
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Transcriptional Code Underlying the Development and Phenotypic Specification of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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7 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Other Transcriptional Factors |
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8 | (1) |
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Neurotransmitter Phenotypes of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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9 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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Control Mechanism of DBH Gene Expression Is Closely Related to Autonomic Nervous System Development |
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9 | (1) |
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Cholinergic Phenotype and the Switch of Neurotransmitter Phenotypes by the Target Cell Interactions |
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9 | (3) |
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Milestones in Autonomic Research |
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12 | (1) |
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Classical Transmitters: The Discovery of Noradrenaline, Acetylcholine, and Their Receptors |
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12 | (1) |
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The Discovery of New Transmitters, Including Nucleotides, Peptides, and Nitric Oxide |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (5) |
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Varicosities Shown to be the Source of Transmitters |
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12 | (1) |
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Varicosities Have the Capacity to Take Up Transmitters After Their Release |
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12 | (1) |
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Varicosities Possess Receptors That on Activation Modulate Further Transmitter Release |
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13 | (1) |
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Generation of Currents and Second Messengers on Receptor Activation After Transmitter Release from Varicosities |
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13 | (1) |
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Action Potentials, Initiated by the Generation of Junction Potentials, Are Caused by the Influx of Calcium Ions |
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13 | (1) |
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Control of the Influx of Calcium Ions Is a Principal Means of Decreasing Blood Pressure |
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13 | (4) |
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Central Autonomic Control |
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Anatomy of Central Autonomic Areas |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Levels of Integration of Central Autonomic Control |
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18 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
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20 | (3) |
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Sympathoadrenal Axis and the Adrenal Gland |
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23 | (1) |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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24 | (1) |
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The Concept of Plurichemical Transmission and Chemical Coding |
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25 | (2) |
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Functional Neuroanatomy and Biochemical Pharmacology |
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27 | (2) |
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The Autonomic Neuroeffector Junction |
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Structure of the Autonomic Neuromuscular Junction |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Prejunctional and Postjunctional Specialization |
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30 | (1) |
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Muscle Effector Bundles and Gap Junctions |
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30 | (1) |
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Autonomic Neurotransmission |
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30 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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Receptor Localization on Smooth Muscle Cells |
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31 | (1) |
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Model of Autonomic Neuroeffector Junction |
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32 | (2) |
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Autonomic Neuromuscular Transmission |
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New Transmitters and the Concept of Cotransmitters |
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34 | (1) |
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Varicosities, Vesicle-Associated Proteins, and Calcium Fluxes |
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34 | (1) |
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Ionotropic Receptors Are Localized to the Muscle Membrane at Varicosities |
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34 | (1) |
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Metabotropic and Ionotropic Receptors Are Internalized and Recycled after Binding Transmitter |
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34 | (1) |
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Sources of Intracellular Calcium in Smooth Muscle for Initiating Contraction |
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35 | (1) |
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Modulation of Calcium Influx and the Control of Hypertension |
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35 | (1) |
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Dopaminergic Neurotransmission |
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Transmitter Neurochemistry |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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Transmitter Storage and Release |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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Structural and Functional Characteristics of Dopamine Receptors |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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Distribution in the Brain |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Dopamine Receptors in the Periphery |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Noradrenergic Neurotransmission |
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Noradrenergic Innervation of the Cardiovascular System |
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44 | (1) |
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Norepinephrine: The Sympathetic Neurotransmitter |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Ligand Binding and Activation |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (5) |
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Signaling of β-AR Subtypes |
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57 | (1) |
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Regulation of β-AR Function |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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Purinergic Neurotransmission |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Intramural (Intrinsic) Nerves |
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63 | (1) |
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Skeletal Neuromuscular Junctions |
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63 | (1) |
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Synaptic Purinergic Transmission in Ganglia and Brain |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Plasticity of Expression of Purinergic Cotransmitters |
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64 | (1) |
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Long-Term (Trophic) Signaling |
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64 | (1) |
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P2X3 Receptors and Nociception |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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Adenosine Receptors and Autonomic Regulation |
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Postsynaptic Antiadrenergic Effects of Adenosine |
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66 | (1) |
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Presynaptic Effects of Adenosine on Efferent Nerves and Ganglionic Transmission |
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66 | (1) |
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Adenosine and Central Autonomic Regulation |
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66 | (1) |
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Neuroexcitatory Actions of Adenosine on Afferent Pathways |
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67 | (1) |
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Integrated View of Adenosine and Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation |
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67 | (3) |
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Acetylcholine and Muscarinic Receptors |
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Acetylcholine Synthesis and Metabolism: Drug Mechanisms |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Muscarinic Autonomic Effects of Acetylcholine |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Structure and Functional Properties |
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Structural Considerations |
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73 | (1) |
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Subtype Diversity of Nicotinic Receptors |
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73 | (1) |
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Electrophysiologic Events Associated with Receptor Activation |
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74 | (2) |
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Distribution of Nicotinic Receptors |
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76 | (1) |
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Acetylcholinesterase and Its Inhibitors |
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77 | (1) |
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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors |
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77 | (1) |
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Pharmacologic Actions of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition |
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77 | (2) |
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Clinical Applications of Anticholinesterases |
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79 | (1) |
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Alzheimer's Disease |
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80 | (3) |
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Amino Acid Neurotransmission |
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Peptidergic Neurotransmission |
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Families of Peptide Transmitters |
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83 | (1) |
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Generic Features of Peptidergic Transmission |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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Overview of Peptides in the Autonomic Nervous System |
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84 | (2) |
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Leptin Signaling in the Central Nervous System |
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Central Neural Action of Leptin |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Intracellular Mechanisms of Leptin Signaling |
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86 | (1) |
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Site of Leptin Action in the Brain |
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87 | (1) |
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Interaction of Leptin and Neuropeptides in the Hypothalamus |
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87 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Nitrergic Neurotransmission |
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Synthesis of Nitric Oxide |
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90 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Nitrergic Neurotransmission |
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90 | (1) |
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Nitrergic Neurotransmission in the Autonomic Nervous System and Pathologic Implications |
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91 | (2) |
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Serotonin Receptors and Neurotransmission |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Pharmacology and Role in Disease |
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94 | (9) |
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Antidepressant-Sensitive Norepinephrine Transporters: Structure and Regulation |
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Cardiac and Other Visceral Afferents |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (4) |
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Autonomic Reflex Responses to Visceral Afferent Activation |
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107 | (1) |
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Pathologic Alterations of Visceral Afferents |
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107 | (7) |
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Skeletal Muscle Afferents |
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Entrainment of Sympathetic Rhythms |
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114 | (1) |
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Cardiac- and Respiratory-Related Rhythms |
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114 | (1) |
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Mechanisms Underlying Rhythms |
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114 | (1) |
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Phasic Inputs Generate Rhythms |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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How Many Central Oscillators? |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (2) |
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Gastrointestinal Function |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Pancreaticobiliary Secretion |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Intestinal Secretion and Absorption |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Normal Gastrointestinal Motor Function |
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120 | (2) |
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Catecholamines and Glucose Metabolism |
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122 | (1) |
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Catecholamines and Fat Metabolism |
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122 | (1) |
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Catecholamines and Thermogenesis |
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122 | (1) |
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Insulin and Autonomic Function |
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123 | (1) |
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Anatomy and Function of the Sweat Gland |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Physiology of Sweat Glands |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Innervation of Sweat Gland |
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124 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Nonshivering Thermogenesis |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Autonomic Control of Airways |
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Overview of Airway Innervation |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Slowly Adapting Receptors |
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130 | (1) |
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Rapidly Adapting Receptors |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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Anticholinergics in Airway Disease |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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Inhibitory Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Nerves |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Neural Control of Airways in Disease |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
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133 | (1) |
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Autonomic Control of Cardiac Function |
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Autonomic Nerves Innervating the Mammalian Heart |
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134 | (1) |
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Myocardial Nerve Terminals |
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135 | (1) |
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The Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiac Function |
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136 | (1) |
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Interactions between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves |
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137 | (2) |
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Neurogenic Control of Blood Vessels |
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139 | (3) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Neurotransmitters of Sympathetic Component |
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140 | (1) |
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Release of Transmitter and Effector Action |
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141 | (1) |
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Parasympathetic Component |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Differential Vasomotor Control |
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142 | (2) |
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Cerebral Circulation: Autonomic Influences |
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Neural Innervation of Brain Circulation |
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144 | (1) |
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Extrinsic Neural Influences |
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144 | (3) |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
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144 | (1) |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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145 | (1) |
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Effect of Direct Parasympathetic Stimulation on Cerebral Blood Flow In Vivo |
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146 | (1) |
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High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Baroreflexes |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Methods for Study of Human Baroreflexes |
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148 | (1) |
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Integrated Baroreflex Responses |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Cardiopulmonary Baroreflexes |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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The Cardioinhibitory Vasodepressor Reflex |
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154 | (1) |
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Clinical Conditions Predisposing to Activation of the Reflex |
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154 | (3) |
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Autonomic Control of the Kidney |
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Innervation of the Kidney |
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157 | (1) |
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Autonomic Receptors in the Kidney |
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157 | (2) |
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Reflex Regulation of Blood Volume |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Autonomic Control of the Kidney in Pathophysiologic States |
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160 | (2) |
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Autonomic Control of the Pupil |
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Parasympatholytic (Anticholinergic) Drugs |
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162 | (1) |
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Parasympathomimetic (Cholinergic) Drugs |
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162 | (2) |
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Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Drugs |
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164 | (1) |
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Sympatholytic Drugs (Adrenergic Blockers) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Iris Pigment and Pupillary Response to Drugs |
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164 | (2) |
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Intraocular Pressure and Autonomic Dysfunction |
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Systemic Blood Pressure and Intraocular Pressure Relation |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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Angiotensin II/Autonomic Interactions |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
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168 | (1) |
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Angiotensin II Influence on the Sympathetic Nervous System |
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168 | (1) |
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Sympathetic Nervous System Influence on the Renin-Angiotensin System |
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168 | (1) |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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168 | (1) |
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Angiotensin II Influence on the Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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168 | (1) |
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Physiologic Examples of Regulation/Interactions |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Consequences of Ang II-Mediated Enhancement of Sympathetic Nerve Activity to the Kidney |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Autonomic Effects of Anesthesia |
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Direct Effects of Anesthetics on Sympathetic Outflow |
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172 | (1) |
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Intravenous Anesthetics (Sedative/Hypnotics) |
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172 | (1) |
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Human Baroreflex Function and Anesthetic Gases |
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173 | (3) |
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Low-Pressure (Cardiopulmonary) Baroreflexes |
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173 | (1) |
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High-Pressure Baroreflexes |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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Peripheral Dopamine Systems |
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176 | (1) |
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Dopamine in the Gastrointestinal Tract |
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176 | (1) |
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Diet and Dopamine Sulfate |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Dopamine Mechanisms in the Kidney |
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Renal Dopamine Formation and Excretion |
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178 | (1) |
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Renal Dopamine Receptor Expression |
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178 | (1) |
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Dopaminergic Regulation of Renal Sodium Excretion |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Physiologic Interactions of the Renal Dopaminergic System and the Renin-Angiotensin System |
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179 | (1) |
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Renal Dopamine and Hypertension |
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180 | (5) |
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Exercise and the Autonomic Nervous System |
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185 | (1) |
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Effects of Chronic Hypoxia |
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186 | (1) |
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Autonomic Nervous System and High-Altitude Illness |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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General Response to Heat Loss |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Specific Systematic Changes |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
Psychological Stress and the Autonomic Nervous System |
|
|
|
|
|
Normal Psychological Stresses and Autonomic Activity |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Patterns of Autonomic Response to Stress |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Psychosomatic Disorders and the Autonomic Nervous System |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Panic, and Anxiety |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Aging and the Autonomic Nervous System |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Variability of Cardiovascular Signals |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Neurotransmitters and Receptors |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Cardiac β-Adrenergic Receptors |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Nonconscious Face Recognition in Prosopagnosia |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Nonconscious Recognition in the Auditory Modality |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Nonconscious Face Learning in Prosopagnosia |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Nonconscious Learning of Affective Valence |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Conditioning Without Awareness |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
|
196 | (5) |
|
Impaired Skin Conductance Responses to Emotionally Charged Stimuli |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Impaired Skin Conductance Responses to Familiar Faces |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
The Somatic Marker Hypothesis |
|
|
197 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms to Limit Reactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Nitrogen Species Accumulation |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Oxidative Damage to Cellular Macromolecules |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Cellular Repair and Detoxification Mechanisms for Oxidative Damage |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Glutathione-S-transferases |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Aldo-keto Oxidoreductases |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
α-Synuclein and Neurodegeneration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Models of α-Synucleinopathies |
|
|
205 | (3) |
|
Experimental Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
|
|
|
Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Experimental Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
208 | (5) |
|
PART VI EVALUATION OF AUTONOMIC FAILURE |
|
|
|
Clinical Assessment of Autonomic Failure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
213 | (3) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of the Patient with Syncope |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Acute Decrease in Cardiac Output |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Acute Increase in Cerebrovascular Resistance |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of the Patient with Orthostatic Intolerance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Orthostatic Intolerance |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Evaluation of Orthostatic Intolerance |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
Symptoms of Orthostatic Intolerance |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic Microneurography |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Changes of Electrode Site |
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
Assessment of the Autonomic Control of the Cardiovascular System by Frequency Domain Approach |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Functional Significance of Cardiovascular Rhythms |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Relation between Cardiovascular and Neural Rhythms |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
Physiology and Pathophysiology |
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
Assessment of Sudomotor Function |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tests of Sudomotor Function |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Skin Potential Recordings |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
Thermoregulatory Sweat Test |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Integrated Evaluation of Sweating |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Biochemical Assessment of Sympathoadrenal Activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines and Metabolites |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Urinary Vanillylmandelic Acid Excretion |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Urinary-Free Catecholamines |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Urinary Methoxyhydroxyphenyl Glycol |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Plasma Catecholamines and Metabolites |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Plasma Dihydroxyphenyl Glycol |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Other Proteins and Peptides in Plasma |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Tissue Catecholamine Concentrations |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid Catecholamines and Metabolites |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Kinetic (Turnover) Studies |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Analytic Methods for Catecholamines |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
PART VII CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS |
|
|
|
Hypertension and Sympathetic Nervous System Activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Renal Sympathetic Stimulation in Experimental and Human Hypertension |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Cardiac Sympathetic Stimulation in Human Hypertension |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Vascular Remodeling |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Plasma Norepinephrine Levels |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Regional Norepinephrine Spillover |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic and Vascular Reactivity |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
The Autonomic Nervous System and Sudden Cardiac Death |
|
|
|
|
|
Clinical Links between Autonomic Dysfunction and Sudden Cardiac Death |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sympathetic Nervous System |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Implication of Sympathetic Nervous System Activation in Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Neurally Mediated Syncope |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pathophysiology of Neurally Mediated Syncope |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Diagnosis of Neurally Mediated Syncope |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Natural History of Neurally Mediated Syncope |
|
|
250 | (7) |
|
Neurally Mediated Syncope Treatment |
|
|
250 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PART VIII CATECHOLAMINE DISORDERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Causes and Pathophysiology |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Evaluation |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
|
258 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chemodectoma and the Familial Paraganglioma Syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Causes of Baroreflex Failure |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (2) |
|
Diagnosing Baroreflex Failure |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Deficiencies of Tetrahydrobiopterin, Tyrosin Hydroxylase, and Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Presentation and Neurologic Symptoms |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiencies |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Deficiency |
|
|
|
Anton H. Van Der Meiracker |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (3) |
|
Clinical Signs of Pysautonomia in Menkes Disease |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Neurochemical Abnormalities |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
Norepinephrine Transporter Dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
|
Role of the Norepinephrine Transporter |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
The Human Norepinephrine Transporter Gene |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Human Norepinephrine Transporter Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
A457P and Orthostatic Intolerance |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (6) |
|
Monoamine Oxidase Deficiency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PART IX CENTRAL AUTONOMIC DISORDERS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Tests of Sympathetic Function |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Tests of Parasympathetic Function |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
History, Nosology, Epidemiology, Demographics, and Prognosis |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Demographics and Prognosis |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Clinical Diagnostic Criteria |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Paraclinical Investigations |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
Dementia with Lewy Bodies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clinical Aspects and Differential Diagnosis |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Hallucinations and Psychosis |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Central Disorders of Autonomic Function |
|
|
|
|
|
Disorders of Telencephalic Autonomic Regions |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Diencephalon |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Storms (``Diencephalic Seizures'') |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Brainstem |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Degenerative and Developmental Disorders |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Inflammatory, Toxic, and Metabolic Disorders |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Spinal Cord |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Autonomic Disturbances in Spinal Cord Injuries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Thermoregulation and Sudomotor Function |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Medications and Risk Factors |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (5) |
|
PART X PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC FAILURE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging Techniques |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic Nervous System |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Clinical Symptoms and Treatments |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
Hereditary Autonomic Neuropathies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Fabry's Disease |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestation of Porphyria |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Autonomic Involvement in Porphyria |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies Type I and II (Charcot-Marie Tooth 1 and 2) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Types I, II, IV, and V Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Amyloidotic Autonomic Failure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Immunoglobulin Amyloidosis |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Laboratory Data and Diagnosis |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
Diabetic Autonomic Dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drug-Induced Autonomic Dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Autonomic Neuropathy Produced by Specific Chemicals and Drugs |
|
|
337 | (4) |
|
PART XI ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE |
|
|
|
Neuropathic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Evidence of Peripheral Denervation |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Other Pathophysiologic Studies |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (4) |
|
Hyperadrenergic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Relation between Chronic Global Blood Volume Depletion and Neurocardiogenic Response to Upright Posture |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Dynamics of Postural Blood Volume Shifts |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Clinical Features of Chronic Idiopathic Hypovolemia |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Hemodynamic Profile of Chronic Idiopathic Hypovolemia |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Neurohumoral Indexes of Chronic Idiopathic Hypovolemia |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Possible Mechanisms of Chronic Idiopathic Hypovolemia |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (5) |
|
PART XII OTHER CLINICAL CONDITIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypohidrosis and Anhidrosis |
|
|
354 | (5) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Dermatomal, Focal, or Multifocal Anhidrosis |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (3) |
|
Male Erectile Dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Etiologic Factors of Erectile Dysfunction |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Medical and Surgical Treatment |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Autonomic Failure |
|
|
|
|
|
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Autonomic Failure |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
General Measures and Medical Treatment |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effects of Autonomic Activity on Adrenocortical Secretion |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Effects of Hypoadrenocorticism on Autonomic Failure |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mastocytosis and Allied Activation Disorders of the Mast Cell |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Mast Cell Mediators Responsible for the Symptoms and Signs |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effects of Cocaine on the Peripheral Circulation |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Autonomic Effects of Cocaine on the Heart |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Effects of Cocaine on Thermoregulation |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Cocaine Overdose |
|
|
371 | (3) |
|
Sympathetic Nervous System and Pain |
|
|
|
|
|
Sympathetic-Afferent Coupling Depending on Activity in Sympathetic Neurons: Hypotheses Driven by Clinical Observations |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Role of Sympathetic Nervous System in Generation of Pain and Hyperalgesia During Inflammation: Hypotheses Developed on the Basis of Experiments in Behavioral Animal Models |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Cutaneous Mechanical Hyperalgesia Elicited by the Inflammatory Mediator Bradykinin |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Cutaneous Hyperalgesia Generated by Nerve Growth Factor |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Mechanical Hyperalgesic Behavior Generated by Activation of the Sympathoadrenal System (Adrenal Medulla) |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
Baroreflex Functioning in Monogenic Hypertension |
|
|
|
|
|
Autosomal-Dominant Hypertension with Brachydactyly |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Invasive Baroreflex Testing |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Comparisons with Patients Who have Essential Hypertension |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Lessons from Monogenic Hypertension |
|
|
380 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chronic Fatigue and the Autonomic Nervous System |
|
|
|
|
|
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Orthostatic Intolerance, and Neurally Mediated Syncope |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Postural Tachycardia, and Orthostatic Intolerance |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Postural Tachycardia |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
Paraneoplastic Autonomic Dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
|
Brainstem Dysfunction Syndrome |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Subacute Sensory Neuronopathy |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resting Sympathetic Nervous System Function in Panic Disorder |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Epinephrine Secretion Rates |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Epinephrine Cotransmission in Sympathetic Nerves |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Reduction in Neuronal Norepinephrine Reuptake by Sympathetic Nerves |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Autonomic Nervous Changes During a Panic Attack |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Sympathetic Nerve Firing and Secretion of Epinephrine |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Release of Neuropeptide Y |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Mediating Autonomic Mechanisms of Cardiac Risk During a Panic Attack |
|
|
393 | (10) |
|
PART XIII MANAGEMENT OF AUTONOMIC DISORDERS |
|
|
|
Hypoglycemic Associated Autonomic Dysfunction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Physical Counter Maneuvers |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension: Nutritional Measures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Nutritional Treatment of Supine Hypertension |
|
|
409 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Midodrine and Other Sympathomimetics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects and Disadvantages |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Ephedrine/Other α Agonists |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Adverse Events and Disadvantages |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Precursor Therapy for Orthostatic Hypotension |
|
|
416 | (3) |
|
Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists in Autonomic Failure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Erythropoietin in Autonomic Failure |
|
|
|
|
|
Modulation of Erythropoietin Production by the Autonomic Nervous System |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
The Anemia of Autonomic Failure |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in the Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension |
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Implementation of Algorithm of Artificial Vasomotor Center in Bionic Baroreflex System |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Efficacy of Bionic Baroreflex System |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Epidural Catheter Approach for Human Bionic Baroreflex System |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western Understanding of Acupuncture |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Clinical Role of Acupuncture |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Outstanding Issues in Acupuncture Research |
|
|
427 | (6) |
|
PART XIV EXPERIMENTAL AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE |
|
|
|
Autonomic Disorders in Animals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Anti-Nerve Growth Factor Immunosympathectomy |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Immune-Mediated Sympathectomy |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Immunotoxin Sympathectomy |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Pathologic Autonomic Failure in Animals |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Transgenic Strategies in Autonomic Research |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Experimental Strategy of Immunotoxin-Mediated Cell Targeting Technique |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Model for Autonomic Neuropathy |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
|
436 | (13) |
|
Mouse Homologous Recombination Models |
|
|
|
|
| Index |
|
449 | |
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām