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Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, Second edition 2nd New edition [Multiple-component retail product]

4.80/5 (10 ratings by Goodreads)
(Professor Emeritus, The University of Edinburgh, UK), (University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia)
  • Formāts: Multiple-component retail product, 496 pages, height x width: 246x189 mm, weight: 1089 g, 380 b/w line drawings, Contains 1 Book and 1 Digital (delivered electronically)
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Dec-2007
  • Izdevniecība: Hodder Arnold
  • ISBN-10: 0340887990
  • ISBN-13: 9780340887998
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  • Multiple-component retail product
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  • Formāts: Multiple-component retail product, 496 pages, height x width: 246x189 mm, weight: 1089 g, 380 b/w line drawings, Contains 1 Book and 1 Digital (delivered electronically)
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Dec-2007
  • Izdevniecība: Hodder Arnold
  • ISBN-10: 0340887990
  • ISBN-13: 9780340887998
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
The practice of anesthesia, including intensive care medicine and pain management, requires a considerable understanding of normal and abnormal physiology. This is reflected in postgraduate examinations in anesthesia where candidates are questioned in depth about many aspects of physiology.

The second edition of this well-received textbook continues to provide candidates with a 'tailor-made' alternative to more general physiology textbooks, delivering information designed and written specifically with the trainee anesthestist in mind. The authors bring their extensive experience of teaching physiology to the book in order to improve the understanding of the fundamentals of human physiology in relation to the work of the anesthetist. The content covers the physiology of all the major organ systems, with specific emphasis on the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In addition, there are special sections on the physioloyg of pain, the physiology of ageing and the physiological effects of specific environments, all highly relevant to anesthetic practice. Diagrams throughout, praised in reviews of the first edition, are used to support the text and to aid understanding of difficult concepts. The second edition also incoporates a number of new features- learning objectives, areas for reflection and a handy summary of physiological equations. It will remain an invaluable reference throughout anesthetic training and beyond, and a useful revision aid.

The practice of anaesthesia, including intensive care medicine and pain management, requires a considerable understanding of normal and abnormal physiology. This is reflected in postgraduate examinations in anaesthesia where candidates are questioned in depth about many aspects of physiology.

The second edition of this well-received textbook continues to provide candidates with a 'tailor-made' alternative to more general physiology textbooks, delivering information designed and written specifically with the trainee anaesthetist in mind. The authors bring their extensive experience of teaching physiology to the book in order to improve the understanding of the fundamentals of human physiology in relation to the work of the anaesthetist. The content covers the physiology of all the major organ systems, with specific emphasis on the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In addition, there are special sections on the physiology of pain, the physiology of ageing and the physiological effects of specific environments, all highly relevant to anaesthetic practice. Diagrams throughout, praised in reviews of the first edition, are used to support the text and to aid understanding of difficult concepts. The second edition also incorporates a number of new features - learning objectives, areas for reflection and a handy summary of physiological equations. It will remain an invaluable reference throughout anaesthetic training and beyond, and a useful revision aid.

Recenzijas

"I can highly recommend this book to the intended audience and also to all anaesthetists as a quick reference text. It is well written and focused directly at the knowledge needed by our profession. The reflections and equations section alone would justify this book's inclusion in one's library."





Anaesthesia Intensive Care, Vol. 36, No. 3, May 2008

"... a very useful textbook for anaesthetists. The second edition includes important recent developments in the understanding of physiology and I will certainly recommend this textbook to my trainees."





British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2008 101(2):287

"this book is extremely well written and a valuable resource for an anaesthetic or critical care trainee. It contains up-to-date information regarding the advances in the understanding of physiology... It is competitively priced and covers the essential physiology knowledge needed for anaesthetic examinations. I would recommend this book to other anaesthetic trainees."



Anaesthesia

Contributors xi
Preface to the first edition xiii
Preface to the second edition xv
Abbreviations and measurements xvii
Physiology of Excitable Cells
1(38)
Learning objectives
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
The membrane potential
1(6)
The cell membrane
1(1)
The resting membrane potential
2(5)
Action potentials
7(6)
The form of the nerve action potential
7(1)
The ionic basis of the nerve action potential
8(2)
The propagated action potential
10(2)
The ionic basis of the cardiac action potential
12(1)
The action potential in muscle
13(1)
Voltage-gated ion channels
13(3)
The sodium channel
14(2)
Potassium channels
16(1)
Calcium channels
16(1)
Neurotransmitters and receptors: ion channels, G proteins and second messengers
16(5)
Overview
16(1)
G proteins
17(1)
Second messengers
18(1)
Acetylcholine
18(1)
Catecholamines
19(1)
Amino acid transmitters
20(1)
Neuropeptide transmitters
20(1)
Opioids
20(1)
Neurotransmitter release in sympathetic ganglia
20(1)
Neuromuscular transmission
21(3)
Structure of the neuromuscular junction
21(1)
An overview of neuromuscular transmission
21(3)
Muscle
24(6)
Skeletal muscle
24(5)
Cardiac muscle
29(1)
Smooth muscle
29(1)
Muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs and spinal reflexes
30(3)
Overview
30(1)
Muscle spindles
30(2)
Golgi tendon organs
32(1)
Spinal reflexes
32(1)
The initiation of skeletal muscle contraction
33(1)
Sensory receptors
33(2)
Classification
33(1)
Mechanisms of receptor activation
33(1)
Sensation
34(1)
Pain receptors
35(1)
Reflections
35(4)
Physiology of the Nervous System
39(36)
Learning objectives
39(1)
Neurons
39(7)
Neuron structure and properties
39(3)
Synaptic transmission
42(3)
Neurotransmitters
45(1)
The central and peripheral nervous systems
46(20)
The blood-brain barrier
46(1)
Cerebrospinal fluid
47(3)
Cerebral blood flow and oxygenation
50(1)
Intracranial pressure (ICP)
51(1)
Brain metabolism
52(1)
Classification of sensorimotor neurons
52(1)
The sensory system
52(5)
Motor function and its control
57(5)
Muscle tone
62(1)
Control of posture
63(1)
Electroencephalography
63(1)
Evoked potentials
64(1)
Consciousness
64(1)
Sleep
65(1)
The autonomic nervous system
66(5)
Functions and structure
66(1)
Hypothalamus
66(1)
Visceral afferent system
67(1)
Autonomic ganglia
67(1)
Sympathetic nervous system
68(1)
Parasympathetic nervous system
69(1)
Neurotransmitters
70(1)
Receptors
70(1)
Reflections
71(4)
Respiratory Physiology
75(42)
Learning objectives
75(1)
Cellular respiration
76(4)
Overview
76(1)
ATP: the currency of cellular energy
76(1)
Anaerobic or aerobic metabolism
77(1)
Basic metabolic pathways
77(3)
Functions of the respiratory system
80(1)
Carriage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
81(6)
Haemoglobin
81(1)
Oxygen carriage in the blood
82(3)
Carbon dioxide carriage in the blood
85(2)
The mechanics of lung ventilation
87(10)
Equilibrium between the lung and thorax
87(1)
Pressures and flow during the breathing cycle
87(1)
Elastic forces and expansion of the lung
88(1)
Non-elastic forces and expansion of the lung
89(1)
Laminar, transitional and turbulent gas flow
89(2)
Lung volumes
91(1)
The pressure--volume relationship of the lung
92(1)
Lung compliance
93(1)
Airways resistance
94(1)
The muscles of ventilation
95(1)
The work of ventilation
95(2)
Gas exchange in the lungs
97(10)
Rate of pulmonary exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
97(1)
Rate of transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial and venous blood
97(1)
Functional anatomy of the airways, alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
97(1)
Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
98(1)
Alveolar ventilation and dead space
99(1)
Anatomical, alveolar and physiological dead spaces
99(2)
The oxygen and carbon dioxide composition of alveolar gas
101(1)
The pulmonary circulation
102(2)
Venous admixture (shunt)
104(2)
Ventilation--perfusion ratio
106(1)
Control of ventilation
107(6)
The respiratory centre in the medulla
107(1)
Central chemoreceptors
108(1)
Peripheral chemoreceptors
109(1)
Other factors involved in control of ventilation
109(1)
Reflex ventilatory responses
110(2)
Exercise and the control of ventilation
112(1)
Anaesthetic agents and the control of ventilation
112(1)
Breath holding
113(1)
Reflections
113(4)
Cardiovascular Physiology
117(72)
Learning objectives
117(1)
Functions and layout of the cardiovascular system
118(3)
General functions
118(1)
Pumps and circuitry
119(1)
Distribution of blood volume in the cardiovascular system
120(1)
The heart
121(19)
Functional anatomy
121(2)
Cardiac action potentials
123(2)
Relationship between cardiac action potential, muscle contraction and refractory periods
125(1)
Excitation--contraction coupling in cardiac muscle cells
125(1)
Generation and conduction of the cardiac action potential
126(1)
Electrocardiography
127(2)
Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle
129(2)
Biophysical determinants of cardiac muscle contraction
131(1)
Studies of isolated cardiac muscle preparations
131(3)
Studies of mechanical performance of the whole heart
134(2)
Ventricular pressure--volume relationships
136(4)
Physical factors governing blood flow through vessels
140(5)
Poiseuille's equation
140(3)
Observed physiological deviations from Poiseuille's equation
143(1)
Pressure and flow
144(1)
Vessels of the systemic circulation
145(16)
General description of the vessels
145(2)
Arteries and arterial blood pressure
147(2)
Arterioles
149(3)
Capillaries
152(3)
The lymphatics
155(1)
Veins and venous return
155(3)
The relationship between venous return and cardiac output
158(3)
Control of the cardiovascular system
161(14)
Overview
161(1)
Functional organization of cardiovascular sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the medulla
162(2)
Central nervous system control and integration of the cardiovascular system
164(2)
Efferent pathways and effectors
166(1)
Sensors and measured variables
167(2)
Effects of the arterial baroreceptor reflex on arterial blood pressure
169(1)
Control of special circulations
170(5)
Integrated cardiovascular responses
175(10)
Haemorrhage
175(3)
The Valsalva manoeuvre
178(1)
Exercise
179(6)
Reflections
185(4)
Gastrointestinal Physiology
189(18)
Learning objectives
189(15)
Oral cavity
189(1)
Pharynx and oesophagus
190(2)
Stomach
192(6)
Small intestine
198(5)
Large intestine
203(1)
Reflections
204(3)
Liver Physiology
207(12)
Learning objectives
207(10)
Anatomical aspects
207(2)
Functions of the liver
209(1)
Carbohydrate metabolism
209(1)
Lipid metabolism
210(1)
Bile production
211(1)
Bilirubin metabolism
211(1)
Protein metabolism
212(1)
Phagocytic functions
213(1)
Storage functions
213(1)
Drug metabolism
213(1)
Liver blood flow
214(3)
Reflections
217(2)
Renal Physiology
219(32)
Learning objectives
219(29)
Functions of the kidneys
220(1)
Fluid and electrolyte balance and dietary requirements
221(1)
Functional anatomy of the kidneys
222(2)
Glomerular filtration
224(3)
Control of renal blood flow
227(2)
Tubular reabsorption and secretion
229(4)
Renal clearance
233(1)
The loop of Henle and production of concentrated urine
234(3)
Summary of tubular handling of the glomerular filtrate
237(1)
Hormonal control of tubular function
238(3)
Control of renal sodium, water and potassium excretion
241(3)
Renal control of acid--base balance
244(4)
Mechanisms of action of diuretic drugs
248(1)
Reflections
248(3)
Acid-Base Physiology
251(18)
Learning objectives
251(15)
Definitions
251(1)
The pH system
252(1)
Buffers
252(1)
Hydrogen ion balance
252(1)
Acid--base homeostasis
253(4)
Whole--body (in vivo) titration curves
257(1)
Compensatory mechanisms
257(3)
Clinical effects of acid--base changes
260(1)
Temperature and acid--base control
261(2)
Clinical aspects of acid--base control
263(3)
Reflections
266(3)
Physiology of Blood
269(30)
Learning objectives
269(27)
Haemopoiesis and its control
269(1)
Red blood cells
270(7)
White blood cells
277(3)
Platelets
280(4)
Coagulation
284(2)
Cell-based theory of coagulation
286(3)
Blood transfusion
289(4)
Plasma
293(3)
Reflections
296(3)
Physiology of the Immune System
299(24)
Learning objectives
299(23)
Innate immunity
299(7)
Acquired immunity
306(7)
Cytokines
313(2)
Hypersensitivity
315(3)
Transplant immunology
318(1)
Assessment of immune function
318(3)
Effects of anaesthesia on immune function
321(1)
Allergic drug reactions in anaesthesia
321(1)
Reflections
322(1)
Endocrine Physiology
323(32)
Learning objectives
323(28)
Introduction
323(1)
Hormone production and secretion
324(1)
Regulation of hormone secretion
324(1)
Actions of hormones
324(2)
Hypothalamus
326(2)
Anterior pituitary
328(2)
Posterior pituitary
330(2)
Pancreatic islets
332(5)
Thyroid
337(2)
Calcium metabolism
339(3)
Adrenal cortex
342(4)
Adrenal medulla
346(3)
Erythropoietin
349(1)
Atrial natriuretic factor
349(1)
Sex hormones
350(1)
Reflections
351(4)
Metabolism, Nutrition, Exercise and Temperature Regulation
355(26)
Learning objectives
355(1)
Metabolism
355(8)
Normal energy metabolism
355(1)
Energy compounds
356(1)
Catabolic pathways
356(5)
Anabolic pathways
361(1)
Control of metabolic pathways
362(1)
Nutrition
363(5)
Nutrients
363(1)
Inter-relation between fat and carbohydrate metabolism
364(1)
Dietary energy sources
364(1)
Basal metabolic rate
365(1)
Starvation
366(2)
Exercise
368(5)
Energy demands
368(3)
Cardiovascular responses to exercise
371(1)
Respiratory responses to exercise
372(1)
Muscle and bone responses to exercise
372(1)
Gastrointestinal and endocrine effects
372(1)
Temperature regulation
373(3)
Afferent temperature sensors
373(1)
Central regulation
373(1)
Efferent responses
374(1)
Cutaneous responses to heat
375(1)
Effects of anaesthesia on thermoregulation
376(1)
Physiology of altered temperature
376(2)
Thermoneutral zone
376(1)
Responses to hypothermia
376(2)
Responses to high temperatures
378(1)
Reflections
378(3)
Physiology of Pain
381(18)
Learning objectives
381(15)
Introduction
381(1)
Peripheral mechanisms of pain
382(6)
Dorsal horn mechanisms
388(6)
Ascending tracts
394(1)
Descending modulation
395(1)
Reflections
396(3)
Maternal and Neonatal Physiology
399(24)
Learning objectives
399(1)
Maternal physiology
399(11)
The demands of pregnancy
399(7)
Physiology of the placenta
406(4)
Perinatal physiology
410(9)
Fetal circulation
411(2)
Fetal respiratory system
413(3)
Haematology
416(1)
Acid--base status
417(1)
Renal function
417(1)
Liver function
417(1)
Metabolic balance
417(1)
Nervous system
418(1)
Thermoregulation
418(1)
Reflections
419(4)
Physiology of Ageing
423(6)
Learning objectives
423(4)
Functional decline with ageing
423(1)
Changes in the nervous system
423(1)
Changes in the cardiovascular system
424(1)
Changes in the respiratory system
425(1)
Changes in body compartments
426(1)
Changes in renal function
426(1)
Changes in liver function
427(1)
Endocrine changes
427(1)
Thermoregulation
427(1)
Reflections
427(2)
Special Environments
429(10)
Learning objectives
429(1)
Physiology of diving
429(3)
Physical laws
429(1)
Direct effects of increased pressure
429(2)
Effects of breathing hyperbaric gases
431(1)
Physiological effects of altitude
432(2)
Environmental changes with altitude
432(1)
Hypobaric environments
432(1)
Effects of rapid ascent to altitude
432(2)
High-altitude residents
434(1)
Physiology of space travel
434(2)
Gravitational forces
434(1)
Increased G-forces
435(1)
Physiological effects of weightlessness
435(1)
Reflections
436(3)
Key equations and tables 439(10)
Further reading 449(4)
Index 453
Ian Power, Professor of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Edinburgh, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK Peter Kam, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia