Preface |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
Industry highlights boxes |
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xxv | |
Industry highlights boxes: Authors |
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xxvii | |
Section 1 Overview and historical perspectives |
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1 | (34) |
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3 | (20) |
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1.1 What is plant breeding? |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 The goals of plant breeding |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 The concept of genetic manipulation of plant attributes |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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1.5 Overview of the basic steps in plant breeding |
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6 | (1) |
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1.6 How have plant breeding objectives changed over the years? |
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7 | (1) |
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1.7 The art and science of plant breeding |
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8 | (2) |
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1.8 Training of plant breeders |
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10 | (1) |
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1.9 The plant breeding industry |
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11 | (8) |
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1.10 Duration and cost of plant breeding programs |
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19 | (1) |
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1.11 The future of plant breeding in society |
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20 | (1) |
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1.12 The organization of the book |
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21 | (2) |
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2 History of plant breeding |
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23 | (12) |
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2.1 Origins of agriculture and plant breeding |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2 The "unknown breeder" |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3 Plant manipulation efforts by the early civilizations |
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24 | (1) |
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2.4 Early pioneers of the theories and practices of modern plant breeding |
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24 | (2) |
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2.5 Later pioneers and trailblazers |
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26 | (2) |
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2.6 History of plant breeding technologies/techniques |
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28 | (2) |
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2.7 Genome-wide approaches to crop improvement |
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30 | (1) |
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2.8 Bioinformatics and OMICs technologies in crop improvement |
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30 | (1) |
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2.9 Summary of changes in plant breeding over the last half century |
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31 | (1) |
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2.10 Achievements of modern plant breeders |
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32 | (3) |
Section 2 Population and quantitative genetic principles |
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35 | (38) |
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3 Introduction to concepts of population genetics |
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37 | (12) |
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3.1 Concepts of a population and gene pool |
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37 | (3) |
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3.2 Issues arising from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
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40 | (1) |
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3.3 Factors affecting changes in gene frequency |
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41 | (1) |
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3.4 Frequency dependent selection |
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41 | (1) |
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3.5 Summary of key plant breeding applications |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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3.7 Effect of mating system on selection |
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43 | (1) |
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3.8 Concept of inbreeding |
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44 | (1) |
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3.9 Inbreeding and its implications in plant breeding |
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44 | (2) |
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3.10 Concept of population improvement |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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4 Introduction to quantitative genetics |
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49 | (24) |
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4.1 What is quantitative genetics? |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (18) |
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4.3 The genetic architecture of quantitative traits |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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4.5 Predicting breeding value |
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70 | (1) |
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4.6 Genomic selection (genome-wide selection) |
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70 | (1) |
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4.7 Mapping quantitative traits |
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70 | (3) |
Section 3 Reproductive systems |
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73 | (74) |
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5 Introduction to reproduction |
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75 | (24) |
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5.1 Importance of mode of reproduction to plant breeding |
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75 | (1) |
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5.2 Overview of reproductive options in plants |
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76 | (1) |
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5.3 Types of reproduction |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (4) |
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80 | (11) |
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5.6 Genotype conversion programs |
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91 | (1) |
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5.7 Artificial pollination control techniques |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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5.9 Mendelian concepts relating to the reproductive system |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (22) |
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6.1 Concept of gene transfer and hybridization |
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99 | (1) |
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6.2 Applications of crossing in plant breeding |
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100 | (1) |
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6.3 Artificial hybridization |
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100 | (1) |
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6.4 Artificial pollination control techniques |
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101 | (1) |
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6.5 Flower and flowering issues in hybridization |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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6.8 Number of F1 crosses to make |
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103 | (1) |
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6.9 Genetic issues in hybridization |
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104 | (1) |
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6.10 Types of populations generated through hybridization |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (9) |
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6.12 Issue of reproductive isolation barriers |
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116 | (1) |
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6.13 Overcoming challenges of reproductive barriers |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (3) |
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7 Clonal propagation and in vitro culture |
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121 | (26) |
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121 | (1) |
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7.2 Clones, inbred lines, and pure lines |
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121 | (1) |
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7.3 Categories of clonally propagated species based on economic use |
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122 | (1) |
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7.4 Categories of clonally propagated species for breeding purposes |
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122 | (1) |
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7.5 Types of clonal propagation |
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122 | (1) |
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7.6 Importance of clonal propagation in plant breeding |
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123 | (1) |
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7.7 Breeding implications of clonal propagation |
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123 | (1) |
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7.8 Genetic Issues in Clonal Breeding |
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124 | (1) |
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7.9 Breeding approaches used in clonal species |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (12) |
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7.13 Concept of totipotency |
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138 | (1) |
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7.14 Somaclonal variation |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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7.16 Other tissue culture applications |
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141 | (1) |
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7.17 Production of haploids |
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142 | (2) |
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7.18 Germplasm preservation |
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144 | (3) |
Section 4 Germplasm for breeding |
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147 | (62) |
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8 Variation: types, origin, and scale |
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149 | (12) |
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149 | (1) |
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8.2 Rules of classification of plants |
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150 | (1) |
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8.3 Operational classification systems |
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151 | (3) |
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8.4 Types of variation among plants |
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154 | (1) |
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8.5 Origins of genetic variability |
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155 | (2) |
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8.6 Biotechnology for creating genetic variability |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
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161 | (14) |
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9.1 The concept of evolution |
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161 | (1) |
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9.2 What is domestication? |
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162 | (1) |
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9.3 Evolution versus domestication |
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162 | (1) |
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9.4 Conscious selection versus unconscious selection |
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163 | (1) |
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9.5 Patterns of plant domestication |
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163 | (1) |
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9.6 Centers of plant domestication |
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163 | (2) |
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9.7 Roll call of domesticated plants |
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165 | (1) |
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9.8 Changes accompanying domestication |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (4) |
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9.10 Tempo of domestication |
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170 | (1) |
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9.11 Genetic architecture and domestication |
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171 | (1) |
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9.12 Models of domestication |
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171 | (1) |
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9.13 Modern breeding is a continuation of the domestication process |
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171 | (4) |
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10 Plant genetic resources |
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175 | (34) |
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10.1 Importance of germplasm to plant breeding |
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175 | (1) |
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10.2 Centers of diversity in plant breeding |
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176 | (1) |
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10.3 Sources of germplasm for plant breeding |
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|
176 | (2) |
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10.4 Concept of genetic vulnerability |
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178 | (1) |
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10.5 What plant breeders can do to address crop vulnerability |
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179 | (1) |
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10.6 Wild (exotic) germplasm in plant breeding |
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179 | (1) |
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10.7 Plant genetic resources conservation |
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180 | (2) |
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10.8 Nature of cultivated plant genetic resources |
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182 | (1) |
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10.9 Approaches to germplasm conservation |
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182 | (14) |
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10.10 Germplasm collection |
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196 | (1) |
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10.11 Types of plant germplasm collections |
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196 | (1) |
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10.12 Managing plant genetic resources |
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197 | (1) |
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10.13 Issue of redundancy and the concept of core subsets |
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198 | (1) |
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10.14 Germplasm storage technologies |
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198 | (1) |
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10.15 Using genetic resources |
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199 | (1) |
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10.16 Plant explorations and introductions and their impact on agriculture |
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200 | (1) |
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10.17 International conservation efforts |
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201 | (1) |
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10.18 An example of a national germplasm conservation system |
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201 | (1) |
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10.19 Who owns biodiversity? |
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202 | (3) |
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10.20 Understanding the genetic architecture of germplasm for crop improvement |
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205 | (4) |
Section 5 Breeding objectives |
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209 | (86) |
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11 Yield and morphological traits |
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211 | (20) |
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11.1 Physiological traits |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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11.3 Biological versus economic yield |
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212 | (1) |
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11.4 The ideotype concept |
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213 | (9) |
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11.5 Improving the efficiency of dry matter partitioning |
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222 | (1) |
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11.6 Harvest index as a selection criterion for yield |
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223 | (1) |
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11.7 Selecting for yield per se |
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223 | (1) |
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11.8 Biological pathway to economic yield |
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223 | (1) |
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11.9 The concept of yield potential |
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224 | (1) |
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11.10 The concept of yield plateau |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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11.13 Shattering resistance |
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225 | (1) |
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11.14 Reduced plant height |
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226 | (1) |
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11.15 Breeding determinacy |
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227 | (1) |
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11.16 Photoperiod response |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (14) |
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231 | (1) |
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12.2 Nutritional quality of food crops |
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231 | (1) |
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12.3 Brief history of breeding for improved nutritional quality of crops |
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232 | (4) |
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12.4 Breeding for improved protein content |
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236 | (1) |
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12.5 Improving protein content by genetic engineering |
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236 | (2) |
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12.6 Breeding improved oil quality |
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238 | (1) |
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12.7 Breeding low phytate cultivar |
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239 | (1) |
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12.8 Breeding end-use quality |
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239 | (1) |
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12.9 Breeding seedlessness |
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240 | (1) |
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12.10 Breeding for industrial uses |
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241 | (1) |
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12.11 Breeding plants for novel traits |
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242 | (1) |
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12.12 Breeding for enhanced bioavailable micronutrients |
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|
242 | (3) |
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13 Environmental stress factors and plant breeding |
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|
245 | (8) |
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13.1 Environmental stress factors in crop production |
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245 | (1) |
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13.2 Climate change and plant breeding |
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246 | (1) |
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13.3 Crop production environment and stress |
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247 | (1) |
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13.4 Abiotic environmental stress factors |
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248 | (1) |
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13.5 Biotic environmental stress factors |
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248 | (1) |
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13.6 Effects of combined stresses |
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249 | (1) |
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13.7 Impact of environmental stress factors in crop production |
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250 | (3) |
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14 Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests |
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253 | (20) |
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14.1 Selected definitions |
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253 | (1) |
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14.2 Groups of pathogens and pests targeted by plant breeders |
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254 | (1) |
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14.3 Biological and economic effects of plant pathogens and pests |
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254 | (1) |
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14.4 Overview of the methods of control of plant pathogens and pests |
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255 | (1) |
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14.5 Concepts of resistance in breeding |
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255 | (1) |
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14.6 Concepts of pathogen and host |
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|
255 | (2) |
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14.7 Mechanisms of defense in plants against pathogens and pests |
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257 | (2) |
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14.8 Types of genetic host resistance and their breeding approaches |
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259 | (7) |
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14.9 Resistance breeding strategies |
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266 | (1) |
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14.10 Challenges of breeding for pest resistance |
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267 | (1) |
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14.11 Role of wild germplasm in disease and pest resistance breeding |
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268 | (1) |
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14.12 Screening techniques in disease and pest resistance breeding |
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268 | (1) |
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14.13 Applications of biotechnology in pest resistance breeding |
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268 | (2) |
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14.14 Epidemics and plant breeding |
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270 | (3) |
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15 Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses |
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273 | (22) |
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15.1 Importance of breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses |
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273 | (1) |
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15.2 Resistance to abiotic stress and yield potential |
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274 | (1) |
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15.3 Types of abiotic environmental stresses |
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274 | (6) |
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15.4 Tolerance to stress or resistance to stress? |
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280 | (1) |
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15.5 Screening for stress resistance |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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15.7 Breeding drought resistance |
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282 | (3) |
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15.8 Approaches for breeding drought resistance |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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15.10 Mechanisms of resistance to low temperature |
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286 | (1) |
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15.11 Selection for low-temperature tolerance |
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287 | (1) |
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15.12 Breeding for tolerance to low-temperature stress |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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15.15 Mineral toxicity stress |
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289 | (1) |
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15.16 Mineral deficiency stress |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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15.18 Flood stress (waterlogging) |
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|
291 | (4) |
Section 6 Selection methods |
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295 | (80) |
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16 Breeding self-pollinated species |
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297 | (32) |
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297 | (1) |
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16.2 Genetic structure of cultivars and its implications |
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298 | (1) |
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16.3 Types of self-pollinated cultivars |
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299 | (1) |
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16.4 Common plant breeding notations |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (8) |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (4) |
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16.8 Bulk population breeding |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (4) |
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16.11 Special backcross procedures |
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322 | (1) |
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16.12 Multiline breeding and cultivar blends |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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16.14 Recurrent selection |
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325 | (4) |
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17 Breeding cross-pollinated species |
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329 | (16) |
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17.1 The concept of population improvement |
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329 | (1) |
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17.2 Concept of recurrent selection |
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330 | (1) |
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17.3 Genetic basis of recurrent selection |
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331 | (1) |
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17.4 Types of recurrent selection |
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331 | (1) |
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17.5 Intrapopulation improvement methods |
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331 | (8) |
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17.6 Optimizing gain from selection in population improvement |
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339 | (1) |
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17.7 Development of synthetic cultivars |
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339 | (4) |
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343 | (2) |
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18 Breeding hybrid cultivars |
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345 | (14) |
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18.1 What is a hybrid cultivar? |
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345 | (1) |
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18.2 Brief historical perspective |
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345 | (1) |
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18.3 The concepts of hybrid vigor and inbreeding depression |
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346 | (1) |
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18.4 Genetic basis of heterosis |
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347 | (1) |
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18.5 Biometrics of heterosis |
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348 | (1) |
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18.6 Concept of heterotic relationship |
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|
349 | (2) |
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|
351 | (1) |
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18.8 Germplasm procurement and development for hybrid production |
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|
351 | (2) |
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18.9 Selection of parents (inbred lines) |
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353 | (1) |
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18.10 Field establishment |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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18.12 Harvesting and processing |
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355 | (1) |
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18.13 Hybrid seed production of maize |
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355 | (1) |
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18.14 Hybrids in horticulture |
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356 | (1) |
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18.15 Exploiting hybrid vigor in asexually reproducing species |
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356 | (1) |
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18.16 Prerequisites for successful commercial hybrid seed production |
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356 | (3) |
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19 Breeding clonally propagated species |
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|
359 | (16) |
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19.1 Clones, inbred lines, and pure lines |
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|
359 | (1) |
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19.2 Categories of clonally propagated species for breeding purposes |
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|
360 | (1) |
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19.3 Breeding implications of clonal propagation |
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|
360 | (1) |
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19.4 Genetic issues in clonal breeding |
|
|
360 | (1) |
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19.5 Breeding approaches used in clonal crops |
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|
361 | (10) |
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19.6 Advantages and limitations of clonal propagation |
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|
371 | (1) |
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19.7 Breeding apomictic cultivars |
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|
372 | (1) |
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|
372 | (3) |
Section 7 Technologies for linking genes to traits |
|
375 | (62) |
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|
377 | (18) |
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20.1 The concept of genetic markers |
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|
377 | (1) |
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20.2 Use of genetic markers in plant breeding |
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|
378 | (1) |
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20.3 Concept of polymorphism and the origin of molecular markers |
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|
378 | (1) |
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20.4 Brief history of molecular markers |
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379 | (1) |
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20.5 Classification of molecular markers |
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|
380 | (1) |
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20.6 Enzyme-based markers |
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|
380 | (1) |
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20.7 Hybridization-based markers |
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|
381 | (1) |
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|
382 | (8) |
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20.9 PCR-based markers from RFLPs |
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390 | (1) |
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20.10 DNA sequence-based markers |
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|
390 | (1) |
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20.11 Comparison of selected molecular markers |
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|
391 | (1) |
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20.12 Desirable properties of a molecular marker system |
|
|
391 | (1) |
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20.13 Readying markers for marker assisted selection |
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|
391 | (4) |
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|
395 | (14) |
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|
395 | (1) |
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|
395 | (1) |
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21.3 Principles of linkage mapping |
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|
396 | (1) |
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|
396 | (2) |
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21.5 Identification of polymorphic markers |
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|
398 | (1) |
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21.6 Linkage analysis of markers |
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|
398 | (1) |
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21.7 Rendering linkage maps |
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|
398 | (1) |
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21.8 Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) |
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|
399 | (4) |
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21.9 High-resolution QTL mapping |
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|
403 | (1) |
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21.10 Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) |
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|
404 | (1) |
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21.11 The value of multiple parent populations in mapping |
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|
404 | (1) |
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21.12 Creating MAGIC and NAM populations for QTL mapping |
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|
405 | (1) |
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21.13 Comparative genome mapping |
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|
406 | (1) |
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|
406 | (3) |
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22 DNA sequencing and OMICs technologies |
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|
409 | (28) |
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22.1 What is DNA sequencing? |
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|
409 | (1) |
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22.2 Types of sequencing technologies |
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|
410 | (1) |
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22.3 Next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflow |
|
|
410 | (2) |
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22.4 Genotyping by sequencing |
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|
412 | (2) |
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22.5 What are the "OMICs" technologies in plant breeding? |
|
|
414 | (1) |
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|
415 | (1) |
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|
416 | (1) |
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|
417 | (1) |
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|
418 | (15) |
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|
433 | (4) |
Section 8 Applications of genetic markers in breeding |
|
437 | (28) |
|
23 Marker-assisted selection |
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|
439 | (12) |
|
23.1 The concept of molecular breeding |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
23.2 Choosing molecular markers for MAS |
|
|
440 | (1) |
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23.3 Advantages of MAS over conventional breeding protocols |
|
|
440 | (1) |
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|
440 | (6) |
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|
446 | (1) |
|
23.6 Enhancing the potential of MAS in breeding |
|
|
447 | (4) |
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24 Genomic selection and genome-wide association studies |
|
|
451 | (14) |
|
24.1 Making the case for genomic selection |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
24.2 What is genomic selection? |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
24.3 Genome-wide association studies |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
24.4 MAS, MABC, and GS compared |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
454 | (6) |
|
24.6 Linkage disequilibrium mapping (association mapping) |
|
|
460 | (5) |
Section 9 Mutations and ploidy in plant breeding |
|
465 | (44) |
|
25 Mutagenesis in plant breeding |
|
|
467 | (14) |
|
25.1 Brief historical perspectives |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
25.4 Types of tissues used for mutagenesis |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
25.5 Factors affecting the success of mutagenesis |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
25.6 Mutation breeding of seed-bearing plants |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
25.7 Mutation breeding of clonally propagated species |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
25.8 Mutations from tissue culture systems |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
25.9 Using induced mutants |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
25.10 Limitations of mutagenesis as a plant breeding technique |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
25.11 Selected significant successes of mutation breeding |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
25.12 Molecular techniques for enhancing efficiency of induced mutagenesis |
|
|
476 | (2) |
|
25.13 Horticultural applications of mutagenesis |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
25.14 General effects of mutagenesis |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
25.15 Key successes of induced mutagenesis |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
26 Ploidy in plant breeding |
|
|
481 | (28) |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
26.2 Variations in chromosome number |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
26.3 General effects of polyploidy of plants |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
26.4 Origin of polyploids |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
484 | (3) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
26.9 General importance of polyploidy in plant improvement |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
26.10 Inducing polyploids |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
26.11 Use of 2n gametes for introgression breeding |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (8) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
501 | (8) |
Section 10 Genetic molecular modifications in plant breeding |
|
509 | (34) |
|
27 Breeding genetically modified crops |
|
|
511 | (10) |
|
27.1 What is biotechnology? |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
27.2 Antisense technology |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
27.5 Categories of vectors by functions |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
27.7 Breeding genetically modified (GM) cultivars |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
27.8 Engineering pest resistance |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
27.9 Trends in adoption of GM cultivars |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
28 Genome editing and other modification technologies |
|
|
521 | (10) |
|
28.1 General steps in genome editing |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
28.2 Types of editing systems |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
28.3 Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
28.4 Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
28.5 Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
28.6 Comparison of gene editing systems |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
28.7 RNA interference (RNAi) |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
28.8 Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis |
|
|
527 | (4) |
|
29 Paradigm shifts in plant breeding and other non-GM technologies |
|
|
531 | (12) |
|
29.1 The way breeders manipulate the plant genome |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
29.2 Paradigm shifts in plant breeding |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
29.6 Grafting non-GM scion on GM rootstock |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
29.9 RNA-directed DNA methylation |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
29.11 Techniques for shortening the plant generation cycle for faster breeding |
|
|
539 | (4) |
Section 11 Computer-aided applications in plant breeding |
|
543 | (34) |
|
30 Bioinformatics, big data analytics, and computer simulations in plant breeding |
|
|
545 | (32) |
|
30.1 What is bioinformatics? |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
30.2 Subdivisions of bioinformatics |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
30.3 Workflow for bioinformatics projects |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
30.4 General goals of bioinformatics |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
30.5 Data for bioinformatics |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
30.6 Data sources and how they are utilized in bioinformatics |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
30.7 Types of bioinformatics databases |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
30.8 Data management and integration |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
30.10 Applications of bioinformatics in plant breeding |
|
|
549 | (21) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
30.12 Big data workflow in plant breeding |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
30.13 Plant breeding applications |
|
|
570 | (2) |
|
30.14 What is a computer simulation or model? |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
30.15 Applications of computer simulation in plant breeding |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
30.17 Simulation models in plant breeding |
|
|
574 | (3) |
Section 12 Variety release process in plant breeding |
|
577 | (56) |
|
31 Performance evaluation for crop cultivar release |
|
|
579 | (18) |
|
31.1 Purpose of performance trials |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
31.2 Kinds of field trials |
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
31.3 Designing field trials |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
31.4 The role of the environment in field trials |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
31.5 Genotype x environment interaction (GEI) |
|
|
582 | (2) |
|
31.6 Models of G x E interaction |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
31.7 Measurement of GEI using ANOVA |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
31.8 Importance and Applications of GEI in Plant Breeding |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
31.9 Stability analysis models |
|
|
587 | (3) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
31.11 Field plot technique in plant breeding |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
31.13 Materials, equipment, and machinery for field evaluation of genotypes |
|
|
594 | (3) |
|
32 Seed certification and commercial seed release |
|
|
597 | (18) |
|
32.1 The role of improved seed in agriculture |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
32.2 Role of the private sector in the seed industry |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
32.3 General steps of operation of the seed industry |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
32.4 The cultivar release process |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
32.5 Multiplication of pedigree seed |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
32.6 Concept of seed certification |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
32.7 The seed certification process |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
32.9 Tagging commercial seed |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
32.10 International role in seed certification |
|
|
604 | (6) |
|
32.11 Production of conventional seed |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
32.12 Production of hybrid seed |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (3) |
|
33 Regulatory and Legal Issues |
|
|
615 | (18) |
|
33.1 The concept of intellectual property |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
616 | (2) |
|
33.3 Patents in plant breeding and biotechnology: unique issues and challenges |
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
33.4 Protecting plant varieties |
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
33.5 The concept of substantial equivalence in regulation of biotechnology |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
33.6 The issue of "novel traits" |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
33.7 The concept of the precautionary principle |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
33.8 Regulation and the issue of public trust |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
33.9 Biosafety regulation at the international level |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
33.10 Labeling of biotechnology products |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
33.11 Economic impact of labeling and regulations |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
33.12 Legal risks that accompany adoption of GM crops |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
33.13 Overview of the regulation of the biotechnology industry in the US |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
33.14 The concept of biopiracy |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
33.15 The impact of IPRs on plant breeding |
|
|
629 | (4) |
Section 13 Societal issues in plant breeding |
|
633 | (34) |
|
34 Value-driven concepts and social concerns |
|
|
635 | (12) |
|
34.1 Concepts of ethics, morals, and values |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
34.2 Evolution of social debates on science-based issues |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
34.3 Ethics in plant breeding |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
34.4 Risk analysis of biotechnology |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
34.5 Genetic use restriction technologies |
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
34.6 Public perceptions and fears about biotechnology |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
34.7 Some concerns of plant breeders |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
34.8 GM foods and the issue of food allergy |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
34.9 The concept of organic plant breeding |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
34.10 Principles of organic plant breeding |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
34.11 Acceptable organic plant breeding techniques |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
34.12 Making agricultural biotechnology more acceptable to society |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
34.13 The "halo effect" of GM crops in the field |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
34.14 The rise of minor pests in GM fields |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
34.15 Who owns biodiversity? |
|
|
644 | (3) |
|
35 International plant breeding efforts |
|
|
647 | (20) |
|
35.1 International crop research centers |
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
35.2 The CGIAR centers and their mission |
|
|
649 | (2) |
|
35.3 Brief overview of plant breeding in developed countries |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
35.4 Plant breeding efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
35.5 Biotechnology efforts in developing countries |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
35.6 Participatory plant breeding (PPB) |
|
|
654 | (5) |
|
35.7 Conventional plant breeding versus decentralized-participatory plant breeding |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
35.8 The Green Revolution |
|
|
660 | (4) |
|
35.9 The Green Revolution and the impact of international breeding efforts |
|
|
664 | (3) |
Section 14 Breeding selected crops |
|
667 | (100) |
|
|
669 | (10) |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
36.4 History of breeding in the US |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
36.5 Commercial wheat classes |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
36.10 Reproductive biology |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
36.11 Common breeding methods |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
36.12 Establishing a breeding nursery |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
36.13 Artificial pollination for hybridization |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
36.14 Natural pollination |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
36.16 Breeding objectives |
|
|
674 | (5) |
|
|
679 | (16) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
37.2 Origin and general history |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
37.4 History of corn breeding in the United States |
|
|
680 | (5) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
37.10 Reproductive biology |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
37.11 Genetic consequences of reproductive biology |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
37.12 Common breeding approaches |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
37.13 Establishing a breeding nursery |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
37.15 Special environment |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
37.16 Artificial pollination for hybridization |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
37.17 Natural pollination for hybridization |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
37.18 Common breeding objectives |
|
|
690 | (5) |
|
|
695 | (12) |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
|
697 | (5) |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
38.9 Reproductive biology |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
38.10 Common breeding methods |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
38.11 Establishing a breeding nursery |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
38.12 Common breeding objectives |
|
|
704 | (3) |
|
|
707 | (12) |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
39.3 History of breeding in the US |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
39.9 Grain sorghum groups |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
39.10 Reproductive biology |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
39.12 Common breeding methods |
|
|
709 | (5) |
|
39.13 Establishing a breeding nursery |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
39.14 Artificial pollination |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
39.15 Natural pollination |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
39.18 Common breeding objectives |
|
|
715 | (4) |
|
|
719 | (10) |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
40.9 Reproductive biology |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
40.10 Common breeding methods |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
40.11 Establishing a field nursery |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
40.12 Artificial hybridization |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
40.13 Natural hybridization |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
40.16 Breeding objectives |
|
|
722 | (7) |
|
|
729 | (8) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
41.7 Reproductive biology |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
41.8 Common breeding methods |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
41.9 Establishing a breeding nursery |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
41.10 Artificial pollination |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
41.11 Common breeding objectives |
|
|
731 | (6) |
|
|
737 | (10) |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
737 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
|
738 | (1) |
|
42.9 Reproductive biology |
|
|
739 | (1) |
|
42.10 Common breeding methods |
|
|
739 | (4) |
|
42.11 Establishing a breeding nursery |
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
42.12 Artificial pollination for hybridization |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
42.13 Natural pollination |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
|
744 | (1) |
|
42.15 Breeding objectives |
|
|
744 | (3) |
|
|
747 | (10) |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
43.7 American upland cotton |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
|
749 | (4) |
|
43.9 Reproductive biology |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
43.10 Common breeding methods |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
43.11 Establishing a breeding nursery |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
43.12 Artificial crossing |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
43.13 Natural pollination |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
43.15 Breeding objectives |
|
|
754 | (3) |
|
|
757 | (10) |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
44.3 Commercial market classes |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
44.9 Brief history of tomato breeding |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
44.10 Breeding objectives |
|
|
759 | (5) |
|
44.11 Common breeding methods |
|
|
764 | (3) |
Supplementary 1: Plant cellular organization and genetic structure: an overview |
|
767 | (14) |
Supplementary 2: Common statistical methods in plant breeding |
|
781 | (22) |
Glossary of terms |
|
803 | (4) |
Index |
|
807 | |