List of contributors |
|
xi | |
About the editors |
|
xv | |
Foreword |
|
xvii | |
Preface |
|
xix | |
1 The concept of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, nutribiotics, and pharmabiotics |
|
1 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (4) |
2 Food or pharma: the name does make a difference |
|
13 | (28) |
|
Magali Cordaillat-Simmons |
|
|
|
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
2.2 Probiotics: a substance or a product? |
|
|
13 | (3) |
|
2.3 The various regulatory statuses applicable to products containing "probiotics" |
|
|
16 | (15) |
|
|
31 | (6) |
|
2.5 Conclusion: the name does make a difference |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (3) |
3 The role of probiotics in maintaining immune homeostasis |
|
41 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 | (12) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (6) |
4 Effect of intestinal microbiome, antibiotics, and probiotics in the prevention and management of ulcerative colitis |
|
59 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
4.2 The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of bowel diseases |
|
|
61 | (9) |
|
4.3 General characteristics of drugs used in bowel diseases |
|
|
70 | (4) |
|
4.4 Modification of intestinal microbiome |
|
|
74 | (7) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (12) |
5 Probiotics in the prevention and management of necrotizing enterocolitis |
|
93 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
5.2 The microbiome, dysbiosis, and NEC |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
5.3 Most relevant mechanisms of probiotic action in the preterm |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
5.4 Probiotics and prevention of NEC |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
5.5 Safety aspects of probiotics |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
5.6 Conclusions and challenges for future research |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
97 | (4) |
6 Probiotics in the prevention and management of irritable bowel syndrome |
|
101 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
6.2 Probiotics in prevention and management of IBS |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (3) |
7 Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea! disease |
|
107 | (10) |
|
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
7.3 Probiotics in prevention and treatment of diarrhea! diseases |
|
|
109 | (4) |
|
7.4 Mode of action of probiotics |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (3) |
8 Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of atopic skin diseases |
|
117 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
8.2 Etiology and pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
8.3 Relationship between gut microbiota and atopic dermatitis |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
8.4 Intervention of probiotics in atopic dermatitis |
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
8.5 Future perspectives of probiotics in prevention and treatment of AD |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (5) |
9 Probiotics for the treatment of other skin conditions (acne, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, wounds, and skin cancer) |
|
129 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
9.3 Seborrheic dermatitis |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
134 | (5) |
10 Probiotics in the prevention and management of allergic diseases (asthma and allergic rhinitis) |
|
139 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
10.2 Prevention of asthma |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
10.3 Probiotics for the treatment of asthma |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
10.4 Probiotics for the prevention of allergic rhinitis |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
10.5 Probiotics for the treatment of allergic rhinitis |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
143 | (4) |
11 Prenatal and neonatal probiotic intake in pediatric allergy |
|
147 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
11.2 Safety of probiotics and prebiotics |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
11.3 Probiotics, prebiotics, and immunity |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
11.4 Microbiota and allergic disorders |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
11.5 Mother's microbiome and child health |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (4) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (5) |
12 Probiotics and prebiotics in the suppression of autoimmune diseases |
|
161 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
12.3 Relationship between gut microbiota and immune system |
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
12.4 Gut microbiota associated with autoimmune diseases |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
12.5 Beneficial role of probiotics in the suppression of autoimmune diseases |
|
|
167 | (11) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (8) |
13 Probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and management of human cancers (colon cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, and cervix cancer) |
|
187 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
187 | (4) |
|
13.2 Probiotics and prebiotics in stomach cancer |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
13.3 Probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer |
|
|
193 | (5) |
|
13.4 Probiotics and prebiotics in breast cancer |
|
|
198 | (2) |
|
13.5 Probiotics and prebiotics in cervical cancer |
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
203 | (10) |
14 Probiotics in mitigation of food allergies and lactose intolerance |
|
213 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
14.1 Introduction of probiotics and the gut microbiome |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
14.2 Food allergies and lactose intolerance |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
14.4 Role of probiotics in mitigation of food allergies and lactose intolerance |
|
|
214 | (2) |
|
14.5 Dietary management strategies |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
14.6 Therapeutic applications |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
14.7 Intake of probiotics |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
14.8 Future prospective of probiotic in food allergies |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
218 | (5) |
15 Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections |
|
223 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
15.2 Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia |
|
|
224 | (4) |
|
15.3 Clostridium difficile infection |
|
|
228 | (4) |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
|
232 | (5) |
16 Role of probiotics in urological health |
|
237 | (6) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
16.3 Commensal microbial flora and preventing UTI |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
16.4 Scope of the problem |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
16.5 Urinary tract infection |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
16.8 Modes of administration of probiotics |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
16.9 What does the evidence say? |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (3) |
17 Role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of Candida vaginitis and Bacterial vaginosis |
|
243 | (8) |
|
Adekemi Titilayo Adesulu-Dahunsi |
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
17.2 Healthy vaginal microflora and probiotic lactobacilli |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
17.3 Vaginitis (vaginal infection) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
17.4 Probiotic roles in the prevention and treatment of vaginal infection |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (4) |
18 Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases |
|
251 | (14) |
|
Devang Bharatkumar Khambholja |
|
|
|
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
18.2 Role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of dental caries |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
18.3 Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
18.4 Role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of halitosis |
|
|
255 | (4) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (6) |
19 Role of probiotics in infections with multidrug-resistant organisms |
|
265 | (16) |
|
Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj |
|
|
Rashmi Hogarehalli Mallappa |
|
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
19.3 General mechanisms of actions of probiotics against MDR bacteria |
|
|
267 | (5) |
|
19.4 Probiotics in organ-specific resistant infections |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
275 | (6) |
20 Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infections with Helicobacter pylori, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and Rotavirus |
|
281 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
20.2 Probiotics and their health implications |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
20.3 Infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and rotavirus |
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
|
285 | (3) |
|
20.5 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli |
|
|
288 | (3) |
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
20.7 Conclusion and future perspectives |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (9) |
21 Role of probiotics in the management of fungal infections |
|
305 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
21.3 Probiotics in fungal diseases |
|
|
306 | (8) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (6) |
22 Role of probiotics in the prevention and management of diabetes and obesity |
|
321 | (16) |
|
Rashmi Hogarehalli Mallappa |
|
|
Chandrasekhar Balasubramaniam |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
22.2 Pathophysiology and risk factors of diabetes mellitus and obesity |
|
|
322 | (5) |
|
22.3 Probiotics for the management of diabetes and obesity |
|
|
327 | (5) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (5) |
23 Probiotics in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases with focus on dyslipidemia |
|
337 | (16) |
|
|
Elizabethe Adriana Esteves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (6) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (8) |
24 Gut-brain axis: role of probiotics in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder |
|
353 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
24.2 Colonization of the intestinal ecosystem in early life and its evolution |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
24.4 What are probiotics? |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
24.5 Psychobiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
24.6 Autism and probiotics |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
24.7 ASD and GI disorders |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
24.9 Neurodevelopmental disorders |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
24.10 Is the gut microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorder different? |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
24.11 Literature evidence in ASD |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
24.12 Newer techniques involving microbiota |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
24.14 Other neurodevelopmental disorders |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
24.15 Future perspectives |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
361 | (2) |
25 Probiotics in the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in humans |
|
363 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
25.4 Antimicrobial potential of probiotics against foodborne pathogens |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
25.5 Probiotics mechanisms of action in the control and prevention of foodborne pathogens |
|
|
368 | (4) |
|
25.6 Supplementation of probiotics in food materials |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
25.7 Delivery system of probiotics |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
25.8 The safety of probiotic therapy in host |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
25.9 Health significance of probiotics in the prevention of foodborne diseases |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
25.10 Conclusion and future perspectives |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (9) |
26 Role of probiotics in the management of respiratory infections |
|
383 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
26.2 Respiratory tract infections |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
26.3 In search of new therapeutic strategies: microbiota and gut-lung axis |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
26.4 Pulmonary microbiota in diseases |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
26.5 History of probiotics |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
26.6 Probiotic usage and safety |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
26.7 Probiotic administration in respiratory infections |
|
|
388 | (5) |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
393 | (4) |
27 The role of probiotics in nutritional health: probiotics as nutribiotics |
|
397 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
Maria del Carmen Villaran |
|
|
|
27.1 Nutribiotics: ways to improve the nutritional status |
|
|
397 | (3) |
|
27.2 Nutritional health benefits of probiotics and postbiotics |
|
|
400 | (5) |
|
27.3 Encapsulation technology for the development of functional ingredients |
|
|
405 | (3) |
|
27.4 Current market of probiotics and future perspectives |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
409 | (8) |
28 Role of immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria as vaccine adjuvants |
|
417 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
28.3 Probiotic lactic acid bacteria |
|
|
418 | (7) |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (6) |
29 Probiotics: past, present, and future challenges |
|
431 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
29.1 Probiotics-the concept |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
29.2 Probiotics-modern trends |
|
|
432 | (3) |
|
29.3 Viability of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and their secondary reproduction: probiotic concentration |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
29.5 Safety of probiotic bacteria |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
29.6 Health effects of probiotics |
|
|
437 | (4) |
|
29.7 Probiotics and metabolic syndrome |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
29.8 Probiotics and urogenital infections |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
29.9 Probiotics and immunity |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
29.10 Probiotics and mental illness called Plus Ultra |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
29.13 Probiotics and Covid-19: data supporting the use of probiotics to prevent Covid-19 |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (4) |
30 Probiotics: health safety considerations |
|
449 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
449 | (10) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Declaration of competing interest |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (6) |
31 Probiotics: current regulatory aspects of probiotics for use in different disease conditions |
|
465 | (36) |
|
|
|
|
|
465 | (2) |
|
31.2 Current regulation bodies that include probiotics |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
31.3 Regulations for use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases |
|
|
468 | (12) |
|
31.4 Regulations for use of probiotics in diseases other than gastrointestinal diseases |
|
|
480 | (8) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (12) |
Index |
|
501 | |