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Problem Based Cardiology Cases [Mīkstie vāki]

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(Clinical Director-CCU, Gold Coast University Hospital, Australia.
Associate Professor, Griffith University School of Medicine.
Honorary Adjunct Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine at Bond University.), (FR)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 186 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Jun-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Australia
  • ISBN-10: 0729543757
  • ISBN-13: 9780729543750
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  • Mīkstie vāki
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Problem Based Cardiology CasesPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 186 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Jun-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Australia
  • ISBN-10: 0729543757
  • ISBN-13: 9780729543750
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780729543750.html
Keywords:

Presented in the context of clinical cases, this unique resource steps medical students through the most common cardiology problems encountered on the ward and discusses the evidence-based treatments used in practice. This problem-based learning mirrors clinical practice, providing a useful clinical approach for students to carry throughout their careers.

Written by Atifur Rahman and Simon O'Connor, Problem Based Cardiology Cases includes considered and wide-ranging coverage of everyday cardiology encounters - from basic bedside issues to controversial and advanced aspects of cardiology. The only local text of its kind is richly referenced with Australian guidelines, while at the same time incorporates a global element by summarising up-to-date literature and landmark clinical trials from around the world.

  • Cardiology cases, which include: treatment pathways and guidelines; summaries of symptoms, drugs and evidence; images taken from real patient cases
  • Concisely conveys up-to-date information and findings from key clinical trials to give a clear understanding of the evidence behind optimal treatment
  • Extensive coverage of everyday encounters - from basic bedside cardiology to controversial and advanced aspects of cardiology
  • Review and revision of clinical examination techniques and the importance of getting these right
  • Enhanced eBook version included with purchase
Acknowledgements v
Foreword vii
Preface ix
1 The Cardiovascular Examination
1(6)
Case 1 Scenario: Tara With Dyspnoea
1(1)
An Outline of the Cardiovascular Examination
1(4)
Left Ventricular Failure (LVF)
5(1)
Right Ventricular Failure (RVF)
6(1)
2 Common Valvular Heart Disease
7(14)
Aortic Stenosis
7(1)
Case 2 Scenario: Bill With Heart Murmur
7(3)
Symptoms and Signs
7(1)
Investigations
8(1)
Indications for Intervention in Aortic Stenosis
9(1)
Long-term Management and Follow-up
10(1)
Mitral Regurgitation
10(1)
Case 3 Scenario: Mrs AB With Exertional Dyspnoea
11(4)
Symptoms and Signs
11(2)
Investigations
13(1)
Indications for Intervention in Mitral Regurgitation
14(1)
Long-term Management and Follow-up
15(1)
Aortic Regurgitation
15(1)
Case 4 Scenario: Mr AL With Mild Exertional Dyspnoea
16(5)
Symptoms and Signs
16(1)
Investigations
17(1)
Surgery in Severe Aortic Regurgitation
18(1)
Long-term Management and Follow-Up
18(3)
3 ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
21(10)
Case 5 Scenario: John With Chest Pain
21(1)
Common Symptoms of Ischaemia
21(1)
Role of Initial ECG and Serial Troponin in Acute Myocardial Infarction
21(1)
ECG
21(1)
Troponin
22(1)
Additional Investigations Including CXR and Echocardiography
22(1)
Management Strategies of Acute Myocardial Infarction
23(3)
Acute Management
23(1)
Common Antiplatelet Drugs
23(1)
Reperfusion: Primary Angioplasty (PTCA) vs Thrombolysis
24(2)
Myocardial Infarction in Australia
26(1)
Definitions of Myocardial Infarction
26(1)
Pathogenesis of Myocardial Infarction
26(1)
Clinical Classification of Myocardial Infarction
26(5)
ECG Diagnostic Criteria of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
27(2)
Posterior STEMI
29(2)
4 Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
31(10)
Case 6 Scenario: John in Cardiac Rehab
31(1)
Lifestyle Changes in the Long-term Management of Cardiovascular Disease
31(1)
Effect of Exercise, Smoking and Diet on Cholesterol
31(1)
Pharmacotherapy With Statins in the Treatment of High LDL-C
32(3)
Who Needs a Statin?
34(1)
Goals of Lipid Lowering in Patients With Vascular Disease
34(1)
Safety of Statin Treatment
34(1)
Role of Statin in Reducing the Atheroma Volume
34(1)
Efficacy of Different Statins in Prevention of Vascular Disease
34(1)
What are the Roles of Different Antiplatelet Medications?
35(1)
Aspirin
35(1)
Clopidogrel
35(1)
Ticagrelor
35(1)
Prasugrel
35(1)
Summary of Dual Antiplatelet Agents
36(1)
Role of Beta-blockers and ACE Inhibitors in Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
36(1)
Beta-Blockers
36(1)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
36(1)
Management of Coronary Artery Disease in the Presence of Atrial Fibrillation
37(4)
Role of Double Therapy vs Triple Therapy
37(4)
5 Management of Acute Chest Pain
41(8)
Case 7 Scenario: Dawn With Chest Pain
41(1)
Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain
41(1)
Life-threatening Causes of Chest Pain in the Emergency Department
41(2)
Acute Coronary Syndrome
41(1)
Aortic Dissection
41(1)
Pulmonary Embolism
42(1)
Tension Pneumothorax
43(1)
Ruptured Oesophagus
43(1)
Epidemiology of Chest Pain in Primary Care and Emergency Department Settings
43(1)
Typical/Atypical Symptoms
43(1)
Patients Frequently Presenting With Atypical Symptoms
43(1)
Angina Equivalents
43(1)
Features Not Characteristic of Myocardial Ischaemia
43(1)
Cardiac Enzymes in the Management of Acute Chest Pain
44(1)
Risk Stratification in Patients With Chest Pain
44(1)
TIMI and GRACE Scores
45(1)
Parenteral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With ACS
46(3)
Enoxaparin
46(1)
Fondaparinux
46(1)
Bivalirudin
47(1)
Unfractionated Heparin
48(1)
6 Common Causes of ST Elevation in ECG
49(10)
Case 8 Scenario: Julia With Chest Pain and ST Elevation
49(1)
Assessment of Chest Pain
49(3)
ECG in Acute Myocardial Infarction
52(1)
Other Causes of ST Elevation
52(4)
ECG Criteria for Diagnosing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
52(1)
ST Elevation in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
52(2)
ST Elevation in Pericarditis
54(1)
ST Elevation in Early Repolarisation
54(1)
Normal Variant ST Elevation
54(1)
ST Elevation in Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)
54(2)
ECG Features of Hyperkalaemia
56(1)
ECG Features of Left Ventricular Aneurysm
56(1)
ECG Features of Brugada Syndrome
56(1)
ECG Features of Pulmonary Embolism
56(1)
ST Elevation in Coronary Artery Spasm
56(1)
Conclusion
56(3)
7 Coronary Artery Disease
59(10)
Case 9 Scenario: Dawn With Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
59(1)
Pathogenesis of Angina Pectoris in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
59(2)
Stent Failure: Stent Thrombosis vs Restenosis
59(1)
In-Stent Restenosis
59(2)
Stent Thrombosis
61(1)
Predictors of Stent Thrombosis
61(1)
Investigating Coronary Artery Disease
61(4)
Biochemical Tests
61(1)
Resting ECG
62(1)
Non-invasive Tests
62(3)
Invasive Coronary Angiography
65(1)
Pharmacological Management of Stable Coronary Disease
65(1)
Revascularisation vs Medical Therapy
65(4)
8 Sudden Cardiac Death
69(8)
Case 10 Scenario: Paul With Systolic Murmur
69(1)
Definition of Sudden Cardiac Death
70(1)
Aetiology of Sudden Cardiac Death
70(1)
Structural Cardiac Abnormalities
70(4)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
70(3)
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
73(1)
Congenital Coronary Artery Anomaly
74(1)
Other Structural Heart Abnormalities
74(3)
Primary Electrophysiological Disease
74(1)
Acquired Cardiac Abnormalities
75(2)
9 Pericarditis
77(8)
Case 11 Scenario: David With Chest Pain
77(1)
Clinical Assessment of Chest Pain
77(1)
Common Conditions That Cause Chest Pain
77(1)
Clinical Features of Pericarditis
77(1)
Investigating Chest Pain
78(1)
Stages of Development of ECG Changes in Pericarditis
78(1)
Chest X-ray
78(1)
Other Investigations
79(1)
Management of Pericarditis
79(6)
Clinical Signs of Pericardial Effusion
80(1)
Assessment of Cardiac Tamponade
80(1)
Mechanism and Measurement of Pulsus Paradoxus
80(2)
Complications of Acute Pericarditis
82(1)
Pericardiocentesis
82(1)
Causes of Pericardial Effusion
82(3)
10 Cardiac Biomarker Troponin in Clinical Medicine
85(10)
Case 12 Scenario: Laura With Troponin Elevation
85(1)
Introduction
85(1)
Histology of Cardiac Myocytes and Troponin Complex
86(1)
Mechanism of Troponin Release
86(1)
Type I vs Type II Myocardial Infarction
86(5)
Troponin in Sepsis and Septic Shock
86(3)
Troponin Elevation in Pulmonary Embolism
89(1)
Troponin Elevation in Renal Failure
89(1)
Troponin Elevation in Heart Failure
89(1)
Troponin in Pericarditis
90(1)
Troponin Elevation in Stroke
90(1)
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Troponin
91(1)
Tachyarrhythmia
91(1)
Other Causes of Troponin Elevation
91(1)
Impact of New Highly Sensitive Troponin Assays in Clinical Decision Making
92(3)
11 Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
95(8)
Case 13 Scenario: Edith With Chest Pain and Dyspnoea
95(1)
Differential Diagnoses
95(1)
The History of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Its Nomenclature
95(1)
Pathogenesis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
96(1)
Presentation of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
97(1)
Investigations
98(1)
ECG Changes in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
98(1)
Investigations Including Cardiac Enzymes in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
98(1)
Other Investigations
98(1)
Classification of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
98(1)
Prognosis and Complications of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
99(1)
Proposed Diagnostic Criteria
100(1)
Differential Diagnosis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
100(1)
Management of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
100(3)
12 Atrial Fibrillation
103(72)
Case 14 Scenario: June Has an Irregular Pulse
103(1)
Differential Diagnosis of an Irregularly Irregular Pulse
103(2)
Classification of Atrial Fibrillation
105(1)
The Treatment Strategy of Atrial Fibrillation
105(70)
Control of the Ventricular Rate (Rate Control)
106(1)
Achievement and Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm (Rhythm Control)
106(2)
Minimising the Risk of Thromboembolism
108(4)
Treatment of Underlying Conditions
112(3)
13 Perioperative Management of Anticoagulants/Antiplatelet Agents
115(1)
Case 15 Scenario: Mr Johnson With Hypertension and AF
115(1)
Case 16 Scenario: Mr Smith With Angina
115(1)
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in the Periprocedural Period
116(1)
Predicting the Risk of Thrombosis
116(4)
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants During Surgery
120(1)
Restarting Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants After Surgery
121(1)
Non-vitamin-K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants vs Warfarin
121(1)
Factors to Consider Before Switching From Warfarin to NOAC After Surgery
121(1)
Perioperative Management of Antiplatelet Therapy
121(1)
Conclusion
122(3)
14 Hypertension
125(10)
Case 17 Scenario: David With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
125(1)
Definition of Hypertension
125(1)
Hypertensive Emergencies
126(1)
Confirming the Diagnosis of Hypertension
126(1)
Primary and Secondary Hypertension
126(1)
Primary (Idiopathic or Essential) Hypertension
126(1)
Secondary Hypertension
126(1)
Physical Examination
127(1)
Clinical Investigations
127(1)
Management
128(7)
Non-Pharmacological
128(1)
Pharmacological Treatment
129(1)
Mono Therapy vs Combination Treatment
130(1)
Target Blood Pressure
130(1)
Resistant Hypertension
131(1)
Device-Based Therapy for Hypertension
132(1)
Whom to Refer to a Specialist
132(3)
15 Heart Failure
135(18)
Case 18 Scenario: Robert With Dyspnoea
135(1)
Definition of Heart Failure
136(1)
Symptoms of Heart Failure
136(1)
Incidence and Prevalence of Heart Failure
136(1)
Pathogenesis
137(1)
Causes of Heart Failure
137(1)
Classification of Heart Failure
138(1)
Heart Failure With Reduced Systolic Function
138(1)
Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function
138(1)
Diagnostic Criteria for Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function
138(1)
Heart Failure With Preserved Systolic Function- Differential Diagnosis
138(1)
Investigating Heart Failure
138(2)
Chest X-ray
139(1)
Echocardiogram
139(1)
B-type Natriuretic Peptides
139(1)
Management of Heart Failure With Reduced Systolic Function
140(7)
Non-Pharmacological Management
140(1)
Pharmacological Management
140(3)
Role of Other Drugs in the Treatment of Heart Failure With Reduced Systolic Function
143(4)
Prognosis
147(1)
Device Therapy for Heart Failure With Reduced Systolic Function
147(6)
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
148(1)
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
148(5)
16 Syncope
153(14)
Case 19 Scenario: Jessie With Loss of Consciousness
153(1)
Case 20 Scenario: Rhiannon With Transient Loss of Consciousness
153(1)
Definition of Syncope
153(1)
Classification of Syncope By Cause
154(1)
Differential Diagnosis of Syncope
154(1)
Pathophysiology of Syncope
154(1)
Assessing a Patient With Syncope
155(1)
Clinical Features That Can Suggest a Diagnosis After Initial Assessment
155(1)
Reflex Syncope
155(1)
Syncope due to Orthostatic Hypotension
155(1)
Cardiac Syncope
155(1)
Investigating a Patient With Syncope
156(2)
Active Standing
156(1)
Ambulatory BP Monitoring
156(1)
Electrocardiographic Monitoring
156(1)
Exercise Stress Test (EST)
157(1)
Head-up Tilt Table Test (HUTT)
157(1)
Echocardiography and Other Cardiac Imaging Modality
157(1)
Electrophysiological (EP) Study
157(1)
Management of Vasovagal Syncope
158(1)
Non-pharmacological Treatment
158(1)
Pharmacological Treatment
158(1)
Pacemakers in Vasovagal Syncope
158(1)
Treatment of Cardiac Syncope
159(2)
17 Coronavirus Disease 2019
161(1)
Case 21 Scenario: Peter With Dyspnoea, Dry Cough and Fever
161(1)
Symptoms
161(1)
Investigations
162(1)
Course and Complications
162(1)
Cardiovascular Conditions and COVID-19 Infection
162(2)
Elevated Biomarkers: Troponin and Natriuretic Peptides
162(1)
Acute Coronary Syndrome
163(1)
Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure
163(1)
Renin-active Agents in COVID-19 Infection
163(1)
Treatment
164(1)
Index 165