Preface |
|
xi | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xv | |
About the Author |
|
xvii | |
|
|
xix | |
|
|
xxi | |
|
|
xxv | |
|
1 Introduction to Workflow and Process Management in Health Care |
|
|
1 | (16) |
|
Context of Workflow and Process Management in Health Care |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Workflow and Process Management for Clinical Transformation |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
Challenges of Workflow and Process Management in Health Care |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
Workflow and Process Management Defined for Health Care |
|
|
5 | (3) |
|
Case Study 1.1 Workflow for Preventive Screening |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
Workflows and Processes Performed by Knowledge Workers |
|
|
8 | (3) |
|
Case Study 1.2 Diagnosis-Drug Selection |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
Challenges and Needs for Workflow and Process Management for Knowledge Workers |
|
|
11 | (3) |
|
Case Study 1.3 Sequencing of Data in an EHR |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (2) |
|
2 Workflow and Process Management Overview |
|
|
17 | (26) |
|
Definitions of Terms: Workflow and Process Management |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
Definitions of Terms: Process and Workflow |
|
|
19 | (4) |
|
Case Study 2.1 Poor Dataflow Yields Medical Error |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Definitions of Terms: Workflow and Process Mapping |
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
Relationship of Workflow and Process Management for EHR and HIT to Other CQI Methodologies |
|
|
25 | (3) |
|
Healthcare Workflow and Process Management Timing |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
Healthcare Workflow and Process Management Stakeholders |
|
|
30 | (6) |
|
Case Study 2.2 Redesigning a Patient Room for a New Hospital |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Case Study 2.3 Clinic Staff Mapping the Refill Process |
|
|
31 | (5) |
|
Relationship and Importance of Workflow and Process Management to Change Management |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
Steps in Workflow and Process Management |
|
|
36 | (3) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (4) |
|
3 Step 1: Assess Readiness for Workflow and Process Management |
|
|
43 | (28) |
|
Understand Organizational Culture for Change |
|
|
43 | (6) |
|
Case Study 3.1 The Itinerant C Suite |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
Change an Organization's Culture |
|
|
49 | (3) |
|
Assess End-User Readiness for the Clinical Transformation That EHR and HIT Represent |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
Educate Stakeholders about EHR and HIT |
|
|
55 | (3) |
|
|
58 | (4) |
|
Case Study 3.2 On-Board and Overboard with Goal Setting |
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
Workflow and Process Management Governance |
|
|
62 | (6) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (3) |
|
4 Step 2: Compile Process Inventory |
|
|
71 | (14) |
|
Process Inventory Description and Purpose |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Process Inventory Worksheet |
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
Case Study 4.1 Clinic Processes |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Case Study 4.2 Hospital Processes |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Generic Lists of Processes |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Compiling the Process Inventory |
|
|
75 | (6) |
|
Managing the Process Inventory |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Process Inventory Database |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
5 Step 3: Select Tools and Train Team |
|
|
85 | (24) |
|
Workflow and Process Mapping Tool Selection |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
Workflow and Process Mapping Tools |
|
|
87 | (13) |
|
Case Study 5.1 Nurse Travel Time in a New Hospital |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
Case Study 5.2 Downstream Time Savings Saves the Day |
|
|
91 | (9) |
|
Selecting the Right Tool(s) and Following Tool Conventions |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Training the Workforce to Perform Workflow and Process Mapping |
|
|
102 | (4) |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
6 Step 4: Map Current Workflows and Processes |
|
|
109 | (28) |
|
|
109 | (3) |
|
Case Study 6.1 Mini-EHR Serves a Dual Purpose |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
Documenting Current Processes |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
Documenting Current Operations |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
Case Study 6.2 Credentials Make a Difference |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
Documenting Variations in Operations |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
Case Study 6.3 Process Variation |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
Documenting Appropriate Operational Detail |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
Case Study 6.4 Too Little Detail |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
Case Study 6.5 Too Much Detail |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Documenting Decision Making |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
Clinical Decision Support |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Documenting Decisions in a Process Map |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
Annotating Frequency of Decision Making, Operations, and Boundaries |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Flowcharting Software Support |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
7 Step 5: Obtain Baseline Data |
|
|
137 | (24) |
|
Purposes and Uses of Baseline Data Collection in Workflow and Process Management |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Types of Benefits Studies |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
Risks and Benefits of Baseline Data Collection |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Metrics for Benefits Data |
|
|
143 | (6) |
|
Case Study 7.1 Why Does it Take Twice as Long to Document? |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
Case Study 7.2 Dismayed Physician Resolves to Acquire EHR |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Strategies for Conducting Benefits Realization Studies |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
Case Study 7.3 Patient Perspective Survey |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
Communications Surrounding Baseline Data Collection and Benefits Realization Studies |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
157 | (4) |
|
8 Step 6: Validate Workflow and Process Maps |
|
|
161 | (12) |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
162 | (3) |
|
Case Study 8.1 Obscure Terminology |
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
Issues in "As-Is" Maps Are Common |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
Seven Deadly Sins of Workflow and Process Mapping and Their Salvations |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
Taking a Validation Timeout |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
9 Step 7: Identify Process Redesign Opportunities |
|
|
173 | (28) |
|
|
173 | (5) |
|
Case Study 9.1 Contrarian Contributions to Process Redesign |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
Key Characteristics for Redesign |
|
|
178 | (15) |
|
Case Study 9.2 Clinically Relevant Duplication |
|
|
179 | (6) |
|
Case Study 9.3 Was the Task Performed, or Is Socialization Needed? |
|
|
185 | (2) |
|
Case Study 9.4 Reorganize the Environment to Improve the Use of EHR |
|
|
187 | (4) |
|
Case Study 9.5 Beating the System |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
Documenting the Redesigned Workflows and Processes |
|
|
193 | (2) |
|
Validating the Redesigned Process |
|
|
195 | (3) |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
10 Step 8: Conduct Root Cause Analysis to Redesign Workflows and Processes |
|
|
201 | (16) |
|
|
202 | (6) |
|
Case Study 10.1 Causality of Noncompliance with BC-MAR System |
|
|
204 | (4) |
|
Weighing Potential Solutions |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Requirement for Root Cause Analysis |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
Tools and Techniques to Aid Root Cause Analysis |
|
|
210 | (5) |
|
Case Study 10.2 New Workflow Results in Construction Project |
|
|
211 | (4) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
11 Step 9: Implement Redesigned Workflows and Processes |
|
|
217 | (16) |
|
Implementing Redesigned Workflows and Processes |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
Case Study 11.1 Consequences of Training without Workflow and Process Management |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Making Change Management a Priority |
|
|
220 | (2) |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
Case Study 11.2 Grime Scene Investigators Focus on the Hand Hygiene Process |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
224 | (6) |
|
Case Study 11.3 Forces Impacting EHR Adoption |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
Case Study 11.4 Physician Strategy Impacts All |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (2) |
|
12 Step 10: Monitor Goal Achievement with Redesigned Workflows |
|
|
233 | (12) |
|
Monitoring Goal Achievement |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
Planning for Monitoring and Measuring |
|
|
235 | (4) |
|
|
239 | (2) |
|
Case Study 12.1 Celebration Gone Awry |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Case Study 12.2 A True Celebration for Learning |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
Index |
|
245 | |