Foreword |
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xvii | |
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Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
About the Authors |
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xxiii | |
Introduction: Why Struggle? Why Now? |
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1 | (7) |
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Chapter 1 Action 1: Value Productive Struggle |
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8 | (21) |
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10 | (6) |
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Math Is More Than the Pursuit of Answers |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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Math Is About Equity, Access, and Opportunity |
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15 | (1) |
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Productive Struggle Is Essential for Living and Learning |
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16 | (1) |
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What Productive Struggle Is and Isn't |
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16 | (12) |
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17 | (2) |
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When Schools Value Struggle |
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19 | (1) |
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Teacher Behaviors for Productive Struggle |
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20 | (1) |
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Student Behaviors for Productive Struggle |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Productive Struggle Look-Fors |
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22 | (2) |
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Whole School Agreement About Productive Struggle |
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24 | (1) |
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Struggle and a Growth Mindset |
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25 | (1) |
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Moving From Unproductive to Productive Beliefs About Struggle |
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26 | (2) |
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Key Takeaways About Action 1: Value Productive Struggle |
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28 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Action 2: Foster An Identity For Productive Struggle |
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29 | (19) |
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31 | (5) |
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Your Mathematical Identity and Its Effects on Instructional Choices |
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32 | (3) |
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Thinking About Your Experiences as a Math Student |
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35 | (1) |
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Knowing Your Students' Mathematical Identities |
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36 | (1) |
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Activities for Uncovering Students' Mathematical Identities |
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37 | (10) |
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Student Identity Activity 1 My Math Autobiography |
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38 | (2) |
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Student Identity Activity 2 My Math Timeline |
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40 | (1) |
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Student Identity Activity 3 Journal Prompts |
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40 | (1) |
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Student Identity Activity 4 Math Beliefs Inventory |
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41 | (1) |
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Student Identity Activity 5 Math Role Models and Their Stories-Who Are Mathematicians? |
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42 | (2) |
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Student Identity Activity 6 Bumper Stickers |
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44 | (1) |
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Student Identity Activity 7 My Math Superpower |
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45 | (1) |
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Student Identity Activity 8 Struggle Emojis |
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46 | (1) |
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Key Takeaways About Action 2 Foster Identity for Productive Struggle |
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47 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Action 3: Build Community For Productive Struggle |
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48 | (25) |
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Building Classroom Community for Productive Struggle |
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50 | (6) |
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Addressing Challenges to Creating Community |
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51 | (1) |
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Establishing Norms for a Productive Community |
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52 | (3) |
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Maintaining Community Throughout the Year |
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55 | (1) |
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Activities for Building and Maintaining a Productive Math Community |
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56 | (10) |
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Community Activity 1 Math Pledge |
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57 | (2) |
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Community Activity 2 Group Behaviors Comic Strip |
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59 | (1) |
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Community Activity 3 Good Groups vs. Bad Groups |
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60 | (1) |
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Community Activity 4 The Number Quilt |
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60 | (2) |
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Community Activity 5 A Picture Is Worth 1,000 Numbers |
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62 | (2) |
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Community Activity 6 Name and Number Tents |
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64 | (1) |
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Community Activity 7 Dimensions of Me (or Many Faces) |
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65 | (1) |
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Activities to Promote a Community Understanding of Productive Struggle |
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66 | (6) |
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Community of Struggle Activity 1 The Picture of Struggle |
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67 | (3) |
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Community of Struggle Activity 2 A Time I Struggled---The Ski Jump |
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70 | (1) |
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Community of Struggle Activity 3 Create a Class Definition of Struggle |
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71 | (1) |
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Key Takeaways About Action 3 Build Community for Productive Struggle |
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72 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Action 4: Plan For A Lesson With Productive Struggle |
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73 | (38) |
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75 | (6) |
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Establish the Mathematics Goal |
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78 | (1) |
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Select Tasks That Create the Right Amount of Struggle |
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78 | (3) |
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Selecting High-Quality Tasks for Rigor |
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81 | (4) |
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Tasks for Conceptual Understanding |
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83 | (1) |
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Tasks for Procedural Fluency |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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Modify Tasks to Provoke Productive Struggle |
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85 | (15) |
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Modification Strategy 1 Ask Students to Create Multiple Representations (Create) |
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86 | (2) |
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Modification Strategy 2 Ask Students to Create or Connect Different Representations (Connect) |
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88 | (3) |
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Modification Strategy 3 Ask Students "Does This Always Work?" (Generalize) |
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91 | (1) |
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Modification Strategy 4 Ask Students the Reverse (Reverse the Problem) |
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92 | (1) |
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Modification Strategy 5 Ask Students to Agree or Disagree (Justify) |
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93 | (1) |
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Modification Strategy 6 Ask Students Open Questions (Open it) |
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94 | (2) |
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Modification Strategy 7 Ask Students to Compare and Contrast (Similarities and Differences) |
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96 | (1) |
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Modification Strategy 8 Ask Students to Find and Use a Pattern (Find a Pattern) |
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97 | (1) |
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Modification Strategy 9 Ask Students to Put Their Understanding in Writing (Write About It) |
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98 | (1) |
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Modification Strategy 10 Ask a Different Question (Change the Focus) |
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99 | (1) |
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Modification Strategy 11 Ask Before They Are Taught (Change the Sequence) |
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99 | (1) |
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Doing the Task and Anticipating |
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100 | (4) |
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Anticipate Representations |
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102 | (1) |
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Anticipate Language and Terms |
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102 | (1) |
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Anticipate Misconceptions and Flawed Strategies |
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102 | (1) |
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Planning Response and Reaction |
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103 | (1) |
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Instructional Models, Routines, and Other Considerations When Planning for Struggle |
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104 | (5) |
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104 | (1) |
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Gradual Release of Responsibility |
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105 | (1) |
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Other Instructional Choices |
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106 | (3) |
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Key Takeaways About Action 4 Plan for Productive Struggle |
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109 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Action 5: Support The Productive Struggle During The Lesson |
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111 | (36) |
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Classifying Various Types of Struggle |
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114 | (4) |
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Responding to Different Kinds of Struggle |
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115 | (1) |
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The Problem With Rescuing Student Answers |
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116 | (2) |
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Struggle Moves That Rescue Thinking |
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118 | (19) |
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Struggle Move 1 Prepping the Task |
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119 | (2) |
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Struggle Move 2 Catch and Release |
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121 | (2) |
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Struggle Move 3 Referrals |
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123 | (10) |
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Struggle Move 4 Metacognitive Questions |
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133 | (2) |
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Struggle Move 5 Remove the Numbers |
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135 | (2) |
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Tips for Navigating Struggle |
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137 | (9) |
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Teacher Tip 1 Don't Restate More Than They Say (Revoicing) |
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137 | (2) |
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Teacher Tip 2 Honoring Mistakes |
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139 | (1) |
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Teacher Tip 3 Consider When to Help and When to Hold Back |
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140 | (2) |
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Teacher Tip 4 Be Mindful of Mnemonics and Other "Aids" or "Tricks" to Support Struggle |
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142 | (1) |
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Teacher Tip 5 Keep It From Boiling Over |
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142 | (1) |
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Teacher Tip 6 Be Aware of Early Finishers |
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143 | (1) |
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Teacher Tip 7 Adjust the Time |
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144 | (1) |
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Teacher Tip 8 Focus on a Strategy |
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144 | (1) |
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Teacher Tip 9 Celebrate It |
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145 | (1) |
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Teacher Tip 10 Leverage Accountability and Participation |
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145 | (1) |
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Key Takeaways About Action 5 Support Productive Struggle |
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146 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Action 6: Reflect On Productive Struggle |
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147 | (26) |
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Integrating Reflection on Struggle Into Lesson Closure |
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149 | (1) |
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Student Activities for Reflection on Struggle |
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150 | (16) |
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Independent Writing and Drawing |
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151 | (1) |
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Student Activity 1 Journaling |
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151 | (2) |
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Student Activity 2 Struggle Doodle |
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153 | (1) |
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Student Activity 3 Who I Learned From Collaborative Reflections |
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153 | (1) |
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Student Activity 4 The Picture of Struggle |
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154 | (2) |
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Student Activity 5 One Word |
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156 | (2) |
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Student Activity 6 Find Someone |
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158 | (1) |
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Evaluative Reflection Activities |
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159 | (1) |
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Student Activity 7 Got It, Tried It |
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159 | (3) |
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Student Activity 8 Too Easy, Too Hard, Just Right---The Goldilocks Reflection |
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162 | (2) |
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Student Activity 9 Today I ..., Tomorrow I Will ... |
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164 | (2) |
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Teacher Reflection on Productive Struggle |
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166 | (2) |
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Teacher Option 1 In-the-Moment Notes |
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166 | (1) |
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Teacher Option 2 Journaling |
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167 | (1) |
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Teacher Option 3 When Students Reflect, You Reflect |
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167 | (1) |
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Teacher Option 4 Team Reflections or Professional Learning Cadres |
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167 | (1) |
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Reflection Leads to Celebration |
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168 | (4) |
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Celebration Approach 1 Notice It and Reward It With Struggle Bucks and Shout-Outs |
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169 | (2) |
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Celebration Approach 2 Reward It Beyond Math Class With Brag Tags |
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171 | (1) |
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Celebration Approach 3 Reward When Students Take Advantage of Tools |
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171 | (1) |
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One Caveat About Celebration |
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172 | (1) |
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Key Takeaways About Action 6 Reflect on Productive Struggle |
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172 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Closing Thoughts About Struggle |
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173 | (5) |
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Productive Struggle Definition and Inventory: Where Are You Now? |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
References |
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178 | (3) |
Index |
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181 | |