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E-grāmata: Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures

  • Formāts: 528 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Aug-2017
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309455381
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  • Formāts: 528 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Aug-2017
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309455381

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Educating dual language learners (DLLs) and English learners (ELs) effectively is a national challenge with consequences both for individuals and for American society. Despite their linguistic, cognitive, and social potential, many ELswho account for more than 9 percent of enrollment in grades K-12 in U.S. schoolsare struggling to meet the requirements for academic success, and their prospects for success in postsecondary education and in the workforce are jeopardized as a result.



Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures examines how evidence based on research relevant to the development of DLLs/ELs from birth to age 21 can inform education and health policies and related practices that can result in better educational outcomes. This report makes recommendations for policy, practice, and research and data collection focused on addressing the challenges in caring for and educating DLLs/ELs from birth to grade 12.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Policy Context 3 The Demography of the English Learner Population 4 Dual Language Learners: Capacities and Influences on Language Development 5 Promising and Effective Early Care and Education Practices and Home Visiting Programs for Dual Language Learners 6 The Development of English Language Proficiency in Grades K-12 7 Programs for English Learners in Grades Pre-K to 12 8 Promising and Effective Practices for English Learners in Grades Pre-K to 12 9 Promising and Effective Practices for Specific Populations of English Learners Grades Pre-K to 12 10 Dual Language Learners and English Learners with Disabilities 11 Promising and Effective Practices in Assessment of Dual Language Learners' and English Learners' Educational Progress 12 Building the Workforce to Educate English Learners 13 Recommendations for Policy, Practice, and Research Appendix A: Biosketches of Committee Members and Project Staff Appendix B: State Requirements for Teacher Certification Appendix C: Context of Educating English Learners: English Learners and Title III Teacher Population
Summary 1(14)
1 Introduction
15(22)
Study Approach
17(3)
Guiding Principles
20(5)
Key Challenges for Policy and Practice
25(5)
Organization of the Report
30(1)
Bibliography
31(6)
2 Policy Context
37(26)
Overview of Policies Governing the Education of English Learners, 1965--2015
37(10)
Current Policies for Dual Language Learners
47(6)
Current Policies for English Learners K-12
53(4)
Conclusions
57(1)
Bibliography
58(5)
3 The Demography of the English Learner Population
63(44)
The Origins of English Learners
65(10)
The Geographic Distribution of English Learners
75(5)
Socioeconomic Characteristics and Status of English Learners
80(15)
English Proficiency Across Immigrant Generations
95(3)
Conclusions
98(1)
Bibliography
98(9)
4 Dual Language Learners: Capacities and Influences on Language Development
107(58)
The Universal Capacity for Dual Language Learning
108(13)
Influences on Dual Language Learning
121(26)
Conclusions
147(1)
Bibliography
148(17)
5 Promising and Effective Early Care and Education Practices and Home Visiting Programs for Dual Language Learners
165(50)
Developmental Characteristics of Dual Language Learners
166(10)
Research on Effective Program Models and Instructional Strategies for Dual Language Learners
176(22)
Conclusions
198(2)
Bibliography
200(15)
6 The Development of English Language Proficiency in Grades K-12
215(38)
Time to Proficiency
217(4)
Time to Reclassification
221(15)
Factors That Influence Reclassification Rates Among English Learners in Grades K-12
236(3)
Retention and Loss of the Home Language
239(4)
Cross-Linguistic Aspects of Language Development in English Learners
243(1)
Conclusions
244(2)
Bibliography
246(7)
7 Programs for English Learners in Grades Pre-K to 12
253(1)
Connecting Effective Programs for Dual Language Learners Birth to Age 5 with English Learners in Pre-K to 12
254(1)
English-Only and Bilingual Approaches to Instruction
254(11)
The Development of Oral Language Proficiency in English Learners in Grades K-12
265(6)
District-Wide Practices Related to the Educational Progress of English Learners
271(5)
Family Engagement in English Learners' Education
276(4)
Conclusions
280(1)
Bibliography
281(10)
8 Promising and Effective Practices for English Learners in Grades Pre-K to 12
291(84)
Promising and Effective Practices for Educating English Learners in Grades Pre-K to 5
292(12)
Promising and Effective Practices for Educating English Learners in Grades 6--8 (Middle School)
304(9)
Promising and Effective Practices for Educating English Learners in Grades 9--12
313(12)
Conclusions
325(2)
Bibliography
327(10)
9 Promising and Effective Practices for Specific Populations of English Learners Grades Pre-K to 12
337(14)
Gifted and Talented English Learners
337(2)
Migrant English Learners
339(3)
English Learners Living on Tribal Lands
342(5)
Conclusions
347(1)
Bibliography
348(3)
10 Dual Language Learners and English Learners with Disabilities
351(50)
Overview of Five Major Disability Categories in DLLs/ELs
352(1)
Overview of Relevant Policy Issues
353(15)
Overview of Identification and Evaluation Practices
368(12)
Research on Identification, Instruction, and Assessment for DLLs/ELs with Disabilities
380(5)
Conclusions
385(1)
Bibliography
385(9)
Annex 10-1: A Case History: An Illustration of the Complexities of Assessment in ELs
394(7)
11 Promising and Effective Practices in Assessment of Dual Language Learners' and English Learners' Educational Progress
401(30)
Assessment of Dual Language Learners
402(7)
Assessment of English Learners
409(14)
Conclusions
423(1)
Bibliography
424(7)
12 Building the Workforce to Educate English Learners
431(40)
Demographics
432(4)
Federal Policies
436(1)
State Certification Requirements
437(1)
Competencies
438(5)
Preparation
443(10)
Recruitment
453(1)
Retention
454(1)
Administrators
455(2)
Professionals Providing Support Services
457(2)
Conclusions
459(2)
Bibliography
461(10)
13 Recommendations for Policy, Practice, and Research
471(16)
Recommendations
472(7)
Research Agenda
479(6)
Reference
485(2)
APPENDIXES
A Biosketches of Committee Members and Project Staff
487(10)
B State Requirements for Teacher Certification
497(6)
C Context of Educating English Learners: English Learners and Title III Teacher Population
503