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E-grāmata: Psychology of Goals

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Edited by (Lehigh University, United States), Edited by (Lehigh University, United States)
  • Formāts: 548 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Jan-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Guilford Publications
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781606231029
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  • Formāts: 548 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Jan-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Guilford Publications
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781606231029
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For social and personality psychologists and undergraduate and graduate students, Moskowitz and Grant (psychology, Lehigh U.) assemble 18 chapters that examine goals and their role in human behavior. Psychologists from the US, Europe, and Israel, and scholars of business and communication science, consider the biological, cognitive, affective, and social underpinnings of goals, their relationship to motivational constructs, and conscious and unconscious processes involved in goal selection and pursuit. Chapters also address how people juggle multiple and sometimes conflicting goals; goal management; monitoring progress; the roles of motivation and mood; and accessibility, among other topics. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Bringing together leading authorities, this tightly edited volume reviews the breadth of current knowledge about goals and their key role in human behavior. Presented are cutting-edge theories and findings that shed light on the ways people select and prioritize goals; how they are pursued; factors that lead to success or failure in achieving particular aims; and consequences for individual functioning and well-being. Thorough attention is given to both conscious and nonconscious processes. The biological, cognitive, affective, and social underpinnings of goals are explored, as is their relationship to other motivational constructs.

Recenzijas

Every moment of waking life, our behavior, thinking, and emotions are oriented and regulated by goals--whether we are aware of it or not. Goals are the system units of human functioning. This book offers the most definitive, state-of-the-art treatment of the topic that I have seen in decades, from a collection of stellar researchers and thinkers. It is a field-renewing book that will launch a flotilla of new research.--Claude Steele, PhD, Director, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and Lucie Stern Professor in the Social Sciences, Stanford University

The study of goals is at the heart of understanding human behavior in a social context. This unique, timely book surveys the cognitive and motivational components of goal-directed behavior. Distinguished scientists and researchers contribute state-of-the-art presentations in their respective areas of expertise. Chapters provide insightful and challenging perspectives on central topics in contemporary research on goals, such as evolution, brain, affect, perception, memory, representation of knowledge, executive control, and conscious versus nonconscious processes.--Henk Aarts, PhD, Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

'Do you know what you want?' This is not just a question posed by an impatient restaurant server. Knowing what we want is the center of our psychological life, and the degree to which we are conscious or unconscious of our goals is an issue of enduring concern. This book chronicles emerging breakthroughs in several fields to offer striking new insights on how goals operate in the mind.--Daniel M. Wegner, PhD, Department of Psychology, Harvard University

This handbook of goals research is an idea whose time has come. This comprehensive work will inform psychological scientists of all stripes: neuro-, behavioral, cognitive, social, personality, and clinical scientists all will find something useful and new here. Everyone from students to experts will want to have this readable and authoritative source in their classes, in their libraries, and on their desks.--Susan T. Fiske, PhD, Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology, Princeton University

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Introduction: Four Themes in the Study of Goals 1(26)
Gordon B. Moskowitz
Heidi Grant
PART I. WHAT (AND WHERE) ARE GOALS?
What Is So Special (and Nonspecial) about Goals?: A View from the Cognitive Perspective
27(29)
Arie W. Kruglanski
Catalina Kopetz
Goals in the Context of the Hierarchical Model of Approach-Avoidance Motivation
56(21)
Andrew J. Elliot
Daniela Niesta
Goal Content Theories: Why Differences in What We Are Striving for Matter
77(21)
Heidi Grant
Laura Gelety
The Neuroscience of Goal Pursuit: Bridging Gaps between Theory and Data
98(29)
Elliot T. Berkman
Matthew D. Lieberman
The Selfish Goal
127(26)
John A. Bargh
Julie Y. Huang
PART II. HOW ARE GOALS SELECTED?
Fantasies and Motivationally Intelligent Goal Setting
153(26)
Gabriele Oettingen
Elizabeth J. Stephens
How Does Our Unconscious Know What We Want?: The Role of Affect in Goal Representations
179(24)
Ruud Custers
Goal Priming
203(31)
Gordon B. Moskowitz
Yuichu Gesundheit
Moments of Motivation: Margins of Opportunity in Managing the Efficacy, Need, and Transitions of Striving
234(23)
James Y. Shah
Deborah Hall
N. Pontus Leander
PART III. HOW ARE GOALS PURSUED?
Five Markers of Motivated Behavior
257(20)
Leonard L. Martin
Abraham Tesser
Normal and Pathological Consequences of Encountering Difficulties in Monitoring Progress toward Goals
277(27)
Nira Liberman
Reuven Dar
The Compensatory Nature of Goal Pursuit: From Explicit Action to Implicit Cognition
304(33)
Gordon B. Moskowitz
When Persistence Is Futile: A Functional Analysis of Action Orientation and Goal Disengagement
337(25)
Nils B. Jostmann
Sander L. Koole
Goal Implementation: The Benefits and Costs of If-Then Planning
362(30)
Elizabeth J. Parks-Stamm
Peter M. Gollwitzer
Regulatory Focus: Classic Findings and New Directions
392(31)
Jens Forster
Lioba Werth
PART IV. CONSEQUENCES OF GOAL PURSUIT
Self-Regulatory Resource Depletion: A Model for Understanding the Limited Nature of Goal Pursuit
423(24)
Kathleen D. Vohs
Andrew M. Kaikati
Peter Kerkhof
Brandon J. Schmeichel
Goals and (Implicit) Attitudes: A Social-Cognitive Perspective
447(33)
Melissa J. Ferguson
Shanette C. Porter
Mystery Moods: Their Origins and Consequences
480(25)
N. Pontus Leander
Sarah G. Moore
Tanya L. Chartrand
Regulatory Fit in the Goal-Pursuit Process
505(29)
E. Tory Higgins
Index 534
Gordon B. Moskowitz, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Psychology at Lehigh University. He has served as Director of Lehighs Cognitive Science Program and Chair of the Department of Psychology. He served two terms on the executive committee of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology, has hosted the Society's conference twice, and annually co-organizes the preeminent social cognition conference, the Person Memory Interest Group. He has held editorial positions for Social and Personality Psychology Compass, as well as for the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, and sits on the editorial board for Motivation Science and the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Dr. Moskowitz conducts research at the intersection of motivation, implicit bias, and social cognition. His work spans the topics of proactive control, impression formation, stereotyping, minority influence, bias reduction interventions, perspective taking, egalitarianism, self-regulation, impression updating, ambivalence, and backlash. His research program more recently has examined bias in the practice of medicine and the reduction of disparities in health and health care.

Heidi Grant, PhD, is a social psychologist and Assistant Professor of Psychology at Lehigh University. Her primary interest lies in understanding individual responses to setbacks and challenges, and how these responses are shaped by the types of goals pursued. Dr. Grants research, funded by the National Science Foundation, has explored how goal content impacts self-regulation, achievement, person perception, persuasion, and well-being. She is currently investigating the impact of goal difficulty and obstacles to the pursuit of achievement goals, and the development of a successful classroom learning goal intervention.