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Public Speaking and Democratic Participation: Speech, Deliberation, and Analysis in the Civic Realm [Mīkstie vāki]

3.67/5 (6 ratings by Goodreads)

Timmerman, McDorman, Abbott, Lamberton

Formāts: Paperback / softback, 464 pages, Illustrations
Izdošanas datums: 02-Oct-2015
Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
ISBN-10: 0199338590
ISBN-13: 9780199338597

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Formāts: Paperback / softback, 464 pages, Illustrations
Izdošanas datums: 02-Oct-2015
Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
ISBN-10: 0199338590
ISBN-13: 9780199338597

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780199338597.html

Keywords:

A truly unique introductory textbook, Public Speaking and Democratic Participation: Speech, Deliberation, and Analysis in the Civic Realm provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic skills involved in public speaking--including reasoning, organization, outlining, anxiety management, style, delivery, and more--through the lens of democratic participation. It helps students develop the skills to distinguish between productive and unproductive public discourse; participate in and lead constructive discussions of community issues; and analyze public messages as an act of civic participation.

By integrating the theme of civic engagement throughout, Public Speaking and Democratic Participation offers a direct and inspiring response to the alarming decline in civic participation in the U.S. and the climate of vindictiveness in our current political culture. It equips students with the tools to reverse these tendencies and move toward a greater commitment to our shared public life.

Recenzijas

"The authors suggest that the endeavor of good speaking has a lot to do with being a responsible citizen in society. Public Speaking and Democratic Participation returns to this idea throughout and appropriately ties concepts back to this notion of taking responsibility for our communication. Throughout, the text offers good examples; it's well written and has a contemporary sensibility."--Lyn J. Freymiller, Penn State University "I am very intrigued and impressed by the approach that the authors take in this text and find most appealing their breadth of knowledge, substantive information and arguments, and the holistic way that they organically weave together public speaking, rhetorical discipline, and civic responsibility."--Scott Weiss, St. Francis College "The contemporary examples provide ample evidence that classical rhetorical theory is as meaningful today as it was for Quintilian."--Benjamin J. Cline, Western New Mexico University

Preface

xix

Acknowledgments

xxv

About The Authors

xxvii

Chapter 1 Public Speaking as the Intersection of Rhetoric and Democracy

(17)

Rhetoric as a Civic Art

(3)

The Historical Relationship Between Rhetoric and Democracy

(3)

Democratic Participation in the Assembly

(1)

Public Critique in a Democracy

(1)

Rhetoric and Democracy Are Mutually Reinforcing

(5)

Rhetoric Encourages Democracy

(1)

Democracy Encourages Rhetoric

(1)

Civic Rhetoric at the Local Level

(2)

Spotlight on Social Media: Twitter and Public Activism

(5)

Civic Rhetoric at the Global Level

(4)

Chapter 2 The Landscape of Public Discourse and the Politics of Polarization

(19)

The Problems With Public Communication

(6)

The Public, the Public Sphere, and Public Discourse

(1)

Growing Concerns about the State of Our Public Communication

(2)

Qualities of Unproductive Discourse

(2)

Obstacles to Productive Communication

(2)

The News Media

(1)

Incivility as Strategy

(1)

Marketing Ideas Rather Than Working toward Compromise

(1)

Reluctant Participation in Democratic Processes

(1)

Changing our Public Communication: Toward Productive Discourse

(3)

Rethinking Public Discourse

(1)

Qualities of Productive Discourse

(3)

Spotlight on Social Media: Keep It to Yourself? Politics on Facebook

(1)

Unproductive Discourse and the Role of Social Protest

(6)

Social Hierarchy and Policing Discourse

(1)

Social Protest as Political Strategy

(4)

Chapter 3 The Ethics of Public Speaking

(20)

Ethics and Rhetorical Ethics

(2)

Ethical Codes

(1)

Rhetorical Ethics

(1)

The Ethics of Speech Preparation

(3)

The Deceptively Hard Work of Speech Preparation

(2)

Speech Preparation as an Ethical Demand

(1)

The Ethics of Speech Performance

(6)

The Ethics of Public Influence

(1)

Ethos and Five Ethical Practices of Public Communication

(4)

Avoiding Plagiarism

(1)

Ethical Research

(1)

Practicing Ethical and Sound Reasoning

(1)

Ethical Language Use

(1)

Being Responsible for the Consequences of Your Rhetoric

(1)

The Ethics of Listening

(4)

Active Listening

(1)

Listening to Improve as a Speaker

(1)

Qualities of Ethical Listening

(9)

Ethical Listening Attitude

(1)

Listening to Comprehend and Retain Information

(2)

Listening for Message Evaluation

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Ethical Listening in the Electronic Age

(4)

Chapter 4 Conducting Credible and Effective Research

(25)

Research as Inquiry versus Strategy

(1)

Types of Sources

(2)

You as a Resource

(1)

General Knowledge

(1)

News

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Social Media Deliver and Shape the News

(5)

Scholarship and Trade Journals

(1)

Books

(2)

Government Documents

(1)

Legal Documents

(1)

Corporate Materials

(1)

People's Opinions and Experiences

(1)

Interviews

(2)

Making a Contact

(1)

Preparing for the Interview

(1)

Conducting the Interview

(1)

Online Access to Sources

(6)

Research Databases

(1)

Specialized Search Engines

(1)

Domain Name Labels

(1)

Site-Specific Searches

(1)

Simple and Advanced Field Searches

(1)

Boolean Searches

(1)

Searches Using Punctuation Marks

(1)

Saving Sources from the Internet

(1)

Four Criteria to Consider When Choosing Sources

(4)

Relevance

(1)

Recency

(1)

Credibility

(1)

Bias

(1)

Source Documentation

(4)

Oral Citations

(1)

Bibliographies

(3)

Chapter 5 Knowing and Adapting to Your Audience

(22)

The Importance of Audience

(1)

Audience Analysis

(9)

Audience Analysis and Advertising

(1)

Audience Analysis and the Ancients

(1)

Contemporary Audience Analysis

(7)

Demographic Factors

(2)

Limitations to Using Demographic Factors

(1)

Psychological Factors

(1)

Environmental Factors

(2)

Audience Adaptation

(4)

It's Still Your Message

(1)

Finding Common Ground

(1)

Using Appropriate Language

(1)

Adjusting Depth and Complexity of Content

(1)

Appealing to Deeply Held Values

(1)

Using Compelling Supporting Appeals

(1)

Selecting Credible and Familiar Sources

(1)

Adaptation, Not Manipulation

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Mitt Romney and the Challenges of the Unintended Audience

(2)

Imagining the Future Together

100

(4)

Chapter 6 Organizing Your Public Presentation in a Clear and Compelling Manner

104

(22)

The Purpose of Organization

107

(2)

Four Benefits of a Well-Organized Speech

107

(1)

The Recursive Nature of Organization

108

(1)

Thesis Statements: Framing a Clear Purpose

109

(3)

A Thesis to Inform an Audience as They Prepare for Deliberation

109

(1)

Damien's Draft Thesis

110

(1)

Damien's Revised Thesis

110

(1)

A Thesis for Persuasion: Advocating Community Involvement in Animal Welfare

110

(2)

Ryan's Draft Thesis

111

(1)

Ryan's Revised Thesis

111

(1)

Main Points: The Body of Your Speech

112

(1)

Gorgias's Main Ideas

112

(1)

Ryan's Main Ideas

112

(1)

Your Main Ideas

113

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Twitter and Conference Presentations

113

(1)

Patterns of Arrangement

114

(6)

Categorical Arrangement

115

(1)

Chronological Arrangement

115

(1)

Spatial Arrangement

115

(1)

Cause-Effect Arrangement

115

(1)

Three Problem-Based Arrangements

116

(1)

Problem-Solution Arrangement

116

(1)

Problem-Alternatives-Solution Arrangement

116

(1)

Problem-Cause-Solution-Solvency Arrangement

116

(1)

Refutative Arrangement

116

(1)

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

117

(3)

Framing with Effective Introductions and Conclusions

120

(3)

The Functions of Introductions

120

(1)

Get Attention

120

(1)

Raise a Need

120

(1)

Establish Credibility and Goodwill

120

(1)

State Your Thesis or Focal Point

121

(1)

Preview the Body of the Speech

121

(1)

The Functions of Conclusions

121

(7)

Summarize Your Main Points

122

(1)

Restate Your Thesis or Focal Point

122

(1)

Articulate Implications or Give Call to Action

122

(1)

End Decisively

122

(1)

Connecting Speech Elements

123

(3)

Chapter 7 Writing Effective Preparation and Presentation Outlines

126

(27)

The Importance of Outlining

127

(1)

The Principles of Outlining

128

(3)

Consistent Indentation and Symbolization

128

(1)

Subordination

129

(1)

Coordination

129

(1)

Parallelism

130

(1)

Balance

130

(1)

The Preparation Outline

131

(2)

Begin with the Speech Title

131

(1)

State Your Specific Purpose

131

(1)

Label and State Your Thesis

131

(1)

Label and Offer a Preview of the Speech

132

(1)

Label Your Introduction and Conclusion

132

(1)

Write Main Points and Subpoints in Complete Sentences

132

(1)

Label Transitions and Internal Summaries or Internal Previews as Signposts

132

(1)

Include a Bibliography

132

(1)

Sample Preparation Outline—Damien's Speech to Inform Community Members about Multiple Perspectives on High School Football and Concussions Before They Engage in Deliberation

133

(7)

The Presentation Outline

140

(1)

Strive for Brevity

140

(1)

Maintain Indentation and Other Visual Guides

140

(1)

Include Delivery Notes

140

(1)

Format Presentation Outline for the Rhetorical Situation

141

(1)

Sample Presentation (Key Word) Outline—Damien's Speech to Inform Community Members about Multiple Perspectives on High School Football and Concussions Before They Engage in Deliberation

141

(5)

Another Preparation Outline—Ryan's Advocacy Speech for Animal Welfare Activism

146

(7)

Chapter 8 Using Style to Harness the Power of Language

153

(20)

The Uses of Style in Presentations

155

(2)

Clarity

155

(1)

Attention

155

(1)

Emotion

156

(1)

Perspective Creation

156

(1)

Stylistic Devices

157

(9)

Rhythm

157

(2)

Parallelism

157

(1)

Repetition

158

(1)

Antithesis

158

(1)

Alliteration

159

(1)

Visualization

159

(3)

Concrete Language

159

(1)

Visual Imagery

160

(1)

Simile

160

(1)

Metaphor

161

(1)

Personification

161

(1)

Strengthening Argument

162

(2)

Irony

162

(1)

Satire

163

(1)

Reference to the Unusual

163

(1)

Community

164

(11)

Inclusive Pronouns

164

(1)

Gender Neutral Language

165

(1)

Maxim

165

(1)

Ideograph

165

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: DePaul University Social Media Guidelines

166

(1)

Framing

167

(6)

Chapter 9 Engaging Your Audience through Delivery and Memory

173

(22)

Delivery

175

(5)

Speech Anxiety Is Normal

175

(4)

Strategies to Use Prior to a Speech

177

(1)

Strategies to Use during a Speech

178

(1)

Strategies to Use after a Speech

179

(1)

Find a Manner of Delivery That Works for You

179

(1)

Delivery Is Situational

180

(1)

Your Delivery Will Develop over Time

180

(1)

Elements of Delivery

180

(8)

Vocal Delivery

181

(3)

Volume

181

(1)

Tone

181

(1)

Rate

182

(1)

Pauses

182

(1)

Articulation

183

(1)

Pronunciation

183

(1)

Vocal Fillers

183

(1)

Nonverbal Delivery

184

(2)

Eye Contact

184

(1)

Facial Expressions

185

(1)

Gestures and Movement

185

(1)

Appearance

186

(1)

Conclusions about Vocal and Nonverbal Delivery

186

(2)

Memory and Modes of Delivery

188

(4)

Extemporaneous Delivery

188

(1)

Impromptu Delivery

189

(1)

Memorized Delivery

190

(1)

Manuscript Delivery

191

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Phil Davison Wants Your Support

192

(3)

Chapter 10 Speaking Informatively through Deliberative Presentations

195

(23)

Informative Speaking

197

(1)

The Need for Informative Speaking in Civic Affairs

197

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Mediated Learning Communities Expand Our Understanding of Informative Speaking

198

(4)

Types of Informative Speeches in a Civic Engagement Context

199

(3)

Instructional Speeches

199

(1)

Problem-Focused Speeches

200

(1)

Deliberative Presentations

200

(2)

Preparing a Deliberative Presentation

202

(12)

Selecting a Public Controversy

202

(1)

Discovering a Range of Perspectives

203

(4)

Framing for Deliberation

207

(7)

Defining the Problem Fairly

208

(1)

Identifying Trade-offs

209

(1)

Weighing Competing Values

210

(4)

Organizing and Delivering the Deliberative Presentation

214

(1)

Limitations and Benefits of Informative Speaking

214

(4)

Chapter 11 Helping Communities Make Difficult Decisions through Deliberative Discussions

218

(23)

Distinctive Qualities of Deliberative Discussions

219

(3)

Deliberative Discussions in Historical Context

222

(3)

Spotlight on Social Media: The Advantages and Challenges of Online Deliberative Discussions

225

(2)

Deliberative Discussion Structure

227

(2)

The Heart of a Deliberative Discussion: Working through the Issue

229

(2)

Discussion Leading

231

(5)

Creating a Comfortable Environment

231

(1)

Specific Leadership Tasks

231

(2)

Developing Discussion Questions

233

(3)

Participating in a Deliberative Discussion

236

(2)

Benefits of Deliberative Discussions

238

(3)

Chapter 12 Persuading an Audience to Modify Their Beliefs, Values, or Actions

241

(20)

Invention: The Substance of Persuasion

243

(5)

Heuristics

243

(3)

Modes of Proof

246

(2)

The Persuasive Process

248

(9)

Audience Analysis and Adaptation

249

(1)

Persuasive Goal

249

(1)

Framing Persuasive Efforts

250

(3)

Identify an Issue Worthy of Attention

253

(1)

Offer a Superior Response

254

(1)

Empower Your Audience—Provide a Means to Act

255

(2)

Spotlight on Social Media: Persuasive Advocacy Using Facebook and Twitter

257

(4)

Chapter 13 Practicing Good Reasoning through Quality Arguments

261

(28)

Argument and the Toulmin Model

263

(5)

Classical Reasoning

263

(1)

Using the Toulmin Model

264

(3)

Arguments and Their Limits

267

(1)

Evidence and Its Evaluation

268

(9)

Examples

268

(2)

Statistics

270

(5)

Testimony

275

(2)

Patterns of Reasoning and Reasoning Fallacies

277

(8)

Reasoning from Example

278

(1)

Reasoning from Analogy

278

(1)

Reasoning from Cause

279

(2)

Reasoning from Sign

281

(1)

Reasoning from Authority

282

(1)

Additional Common Fallacies

283

(2)

Spotlight on Social Media: Taking Academic Debate Online

285

(4)

Chapter 14 Designing Visual Aids to Reach an Audience

289

(22)

Visual Aids Can Benefit Speakers

291

(2)

Visual Aids Can Increase Clarity

292

(1)

Visual Aids Can Summarize Ideas Quickly

292

(1)

Visual Aids Can Increase Audience Attention and Recall

292

(1)

Visual Aids Have the Power to Affect Your Credibility as a Speaker

293

(1)

Visual Rhetoric and Civic Engagement

293

(4)

Images Function as Visual Rhetoric

293

(3)

Visual Aids and Public Discourse

296

(1)

The Pitfalls of Oversimplification, Unnecessary Complexity, and Unproductive Discourse

296

(1)

The Rhetoric of Visual Aids as Productive Discourse

297

(1)

Types of Visual Aids

297

(6)

Presentation Software

298

(6)

PowerPoint

298

(1)

Keynote

299

(1)

Prezi

299

(1)

Google Presentation

300

(3)

Final Thoughts on Presentation Software

303

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Twitter and Public Activism: TEDTalks: Aimee Mullins's "My 12 Pairs of Legs"

303

(1)

Visual Aids and the Art of Design

304

(4)

Additional Considerations in Artistic Design

305

(3)

White Space

306

(1)

Font

306

(1)

Color

306

(1)

Ease of Processing

307

(1)

Image Quality

307

(1)

Slide Readability for All Audience Members

307

(1)

Content Overload

307

(1)

Transition and Animation Overload

307

(1)

The "Oops" Factor

307

(1)

Integrating the Visual with the Oral Presentation

308

(3)

Research Venue Constraints

308

(1)

Practice with Your Aids

308

(1)

Don't Read from Your Slides

309

(1)

Don't Be Afraid of a Blank Screen

309

(2)

Chapter 15 Rhetorical Criticism as Civic Engagement

311

(20)

Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism

313

(5)

Rhetoric as Symbolic Action

313

(1)

Rhetorical Criticism

314

(5)

Description and Interpretation

314

(1)

Evaluation

315

(3)

Rhetorical Criticism as an Intellectual Discipline

318

(1)

Foundational Elements in Rhetorical Criticism

319

(3)

Selecting Rhetorical Artifacts

319

(1)

Situating Rhetorical Acts in Context

319

(2)

Reading Rhetorical Artifacts

321

(1)

Spotlight on Social Media: Analyzing Visual Images as Rhetorical Artifacts

322

(4)

Considering Audience

324

(2)

Evaluating Democratic Practice and Civic Engagement

326

(1)

Rhetorical Criticism as Democratic Participation

327

(4)

Chapter 16 Public Communication Analysis

331

(25)

Locating a Rhetorical Artifact

333

(1)

Determining the Context

334

(2)

Describing and Interpreting the Rhetorical Features

336

(14)

Argumentation

337

(2)

Appeals to Emotions and Loyalties

339

(1)

Rhetor's Credibility

340

(2)

Construction of the Desired Audience

342

(1)

Construction of the Undesired Audience

343

(1)

Organization

344

(2)

Style and Framing

346

(2)

Delivery

348

(2)

Spotlight on Social Media: A Blog Devoted to Rhetorical Criticism of Public Communication

350

(1)

Evaluating the Rhetorical Artifact

351

(5)

Did the Artifact Achieve the Rhetor's Goals? Why or Why not?

351

(1)

Did the Artifact Strengthen or Weaken Democratic Principles? How?

352

(15)

How Did the Artifact Directly Support or Hurt Democratic Principles?

352

(1)

How Did the Artifact Indirectly Support or Hurt Democratic Principles?

352

(4)

Chapter 17 Ideological Criticism

356

(23)

Ideological Criticism and Civic Participation

360

(1)

Locating a Rhetorical Artifact

361

(2)

Determining the Context of the Rhetorical Artifact

363

(4)

Describe and Interpret the Artifact's Ideological Assumptions

367

(6)

Ideological Assumptions and Agency

368

(1)

Ideological Assumptions and Hegemony

369

(2)

Ideological Assumptions and Resistance

371

(2)

Spotlight on Social Media: A Mighty Girl Blog and Facebook Posts

373

(2)

Evaluate How the Artifact's Ideological Assumptions Elevate or Challenge Democratic Principles

375

(4)

Glossary

379

(10)

Notes

389

(28)

Credits

417

(2)

Index

419

Jennifer Y. Abbott is Associate Professor and Chair of the Rhetoric Department at Wabash College.

Todd F. McDorman is Professor of Rhetoric and Senior Associate Dean of the College at Wabash College.

David M. Timmerman is Dean of the Faculty and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Monmouth College.

Jill Lamberton is Assistant Professor of English at Wabash College.

Public Speaking and Democratic Participation: Speech, Deliberation, and Analysis in the Civic Realm [Mīkstie vāki]

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