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1 Mathematical Formulation of Quantum Systems |
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1 | (24) |
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1.1 Quantum Systems and Linear Algebra |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 State and Measurement in Quantum Systems |
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5 | (3) |
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1.3 Quantum Two-Level Systems |
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8 | (2) |
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1.4 Composite Systems and Tensor Products |
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10 | (5) |
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1.5 Matrix Inequalities and Matrix Monotone Functions |
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15 | (3) |
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1.6 Solutions of Exercises |
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18 | (7) |
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24 | (1) |
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2 Information Quantities and Parameter Estimation in Classical Systems |
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25 | (70) |
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2.1 Information Quantities in Classical Systems |
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25 | (20) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (6) |
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33 | (3) |
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2.1.4 The Independent and Identical Condition and Renyi Entropy |
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36 | (5) |
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2.1.5 Conditional Renyi Entropy |
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41 | (4) |
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2.2 Geometry of Probability Distribution Family |
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45 | (11) |
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2.2.1 Inner Product for Random Variables and Fisher Information |
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45 | (5) |
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50 | (3) |
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2.2.3 Exponential Family and Divergence |
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53 | (3) |
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2.3 Estimation in Classical Systems |
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56 | (5) |
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2.4 Type Method and Large Deviation Evaluation |
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61 | (10) |
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2.4.1 Type Method and Sanov's Theorem |
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61 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Cramer Theorem and Its Application to Estimation |
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64 | (7) |
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2.5 Continuity and Axiomatic Approach |
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71 | (6) |
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2.6 Large Deviation on Sphere |
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77 | (7) |
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84 | (1) |
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2.8 Solutions of Exercises |
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84 | (11) |
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93 | (2) |
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3 Quantum Hypothesis Testing and Discrimination of Quantum States |
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95 | (60) |
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3.1 Information Quantities in Quantum Systems |
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95 | (10) |
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3.1.1 Quantum Entropic Information Quantities |
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95 | (6) |
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3.1.2 Other Quantum Information Quantities |
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101 | (4) |
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3.2 Two-State Discrimination in Quantum Systems |
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105 | (5) |
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3.3 Discrimination of Plural Quantum States |
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110 | (2) |
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3.4 Asymptotic Analysis of State Discrimination |
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112 | (3) |
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3.5 Hypothesis Testing and Stein's Lemma |
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115 | (6) |
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3.6 Hypothesis Testing by Separable Measurements |
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121 | (2) |
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3.7 Proof of Direct Part of Stein's Lemma and Hoeffding Bound |
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123 | (4) |
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3.8 Information Inequalities and Proof of Converse Part of Stein's Lemma and Han-Kobayashi Bound |
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127 | (10) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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3.11 Solutions of Exercises |
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140 | (15) |
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151 | (4) |
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4 Classical-Quantum Channel Coding (Message Transmission) |
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155 | (42) |
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4.1 Formulation of the Channel Coding Process in Quantum Systems |
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156 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Transmission Information in C-Q Channels and Its Properties |
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157 | (1) |
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4.1.2 C-Q Channel Coding Theorem |
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158 | (4) |
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4.2 Coding Protocols with Adaptive Decoding and Feedback |
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162 | (2) |
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4.3 Channel Capacities Under Cost Constraint |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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4.5 Proof of Direct Part of C-Q Channel Coding Theorem |
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167 | (4) |
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4.6 Proof of Converse Part of C-Q Channel Coding Theorem |
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171 | (7) |
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4.7 Pseudoclassical Channels |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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4.8.1 C-Q Channel Capacity |
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180 | (1) |
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4.8.2 Hypothesis Testing Approach |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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4.9 Solutions of Exercises |
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182 | (15) |
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193 | (4) |
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5 State Evolution and Trace-Preserving Completely Positive Maps |
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197 | (56) |
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5.1 Description of State Evolution in Quantum Systems |
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197 | (8) |
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5.2 Examples of Trace-Preserving Completely Positive Maps |
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205 | (6) |
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5.3 State Evolutions in Quantum Two-Level Systems |
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211 | (5) |
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5.4 Information-Processing Inequalities in Quantum Systems |
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216 | (5) |
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5.5 Entropy Inequalities in Quantum Systems |
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221 | (7) |
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5.6 Conditional Renyi Entropy and Duality |
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228 | (6) |
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5.7 Proof and Construction of Stinespring and Choi-Kraus Representations |
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234 | (4) |
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238 | (1) |
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5.8.1 Completely Positive Map and Quantum Relative Entropy |
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238 | (1) |
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5.8.2 Quantum Relative Renyi entropy |
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239 | (1) |
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5.9 Solutions of Exercises |
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239 | (14) |
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250 | (3) |
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6 Quantum Information Geometry and Quantum Estimation |
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253 | (70) |
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6.1 Inner Products in Quantum Systems |
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253 | (6) |
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6.2 Metric-Induced Inner Products |
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259 | (6) |
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6.3 Geodesies and Divergences |
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265 | (8) |
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6.4 Quantum State Estimation |
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273 | (5) |
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6.5 Large Deviation Evaluation |
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278 | (3) |
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6.6 Multiparameter Estimation |
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281 | (9) |
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6.7 Relative Modular Operator and Quantum f-Relative Entropy |
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290 | (10) |
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6.7.1 Monotonicity Under Completely Positivity |
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290 | (3) |
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6.7.2 Monotonicity Under 2-Positivity |
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293 | (7) |
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300 | (4) |
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6.8.1 Quantum State Estimation |
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300 | (1) |
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6.8.2 Quantum Channel Estimation |
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301 | (1) |
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6.8.3 Geometry of Quantum States |
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302 | (1) |
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6.8.4 Equality Condition for Monotonicity of Relative Entropy |
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303 | (1) |
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6.9 Solutions of Exercises |
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304 | (19) |
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318 | (5) |
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7 Quantum Measurements and State Reduction |
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323 | (34) |
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7.1 State Reduction Due to Quantum Measurement |
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323 | (6) |
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7.2 Uncertainty and Measurement |
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329 | (10) |
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7.2.1 Uncertainties for Observable and Measurement |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Uncertainty Relations |
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332 | (7) |
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7.3 Entropic Uncertainty Relation |
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339 | (3) |
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7.4 Measurements with Negligible State Reduction |
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342 | (4) |
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346 | (2) |
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7.6 Solutions of Exercises |
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348 | (9) |
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355 | (2) |
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8 Entanglement and Locality Restrictions |
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357 | (134) |
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8.1 Entanglement and Local Quantum Operations |
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357 | (5) |
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8.2 Fidelity and Entanglement |
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362 | (7) |
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8.3 Entanglement and Information Quantities |
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369 | (6) |
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8.4 Entanglement and Majorization |
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375 | (5) |
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8.5 Distillation of Maximally Entangled States |
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380 | (7) |
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8.6 Dilution of Maximally Entangled States |
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387 | (4) |
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8.7 Unified Approach to Distillation and Dilution |
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391 | (7) |
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8.8 Maximally Correlated State |
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398 | (5) |
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8.9 Dilution with Zero-Rate Communication |
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403 | (3) |
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406 | (6) |
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8.11 State Generation from Shared Randomness |
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412 | (6) |
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8.12 Positive Partial Transpose (PPT) Operations |
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418 | (8) |
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8.13 Violation of Superadditivity of Entanglement Formation |
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426 | (7) |
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8.13.1 Counter Example for Superadditivity of Entanglement Formation |
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426 | (2) |
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8.13.2 Proof of Theorem 8.14 |
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428 | (5) |
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8.14 Secure Random Number Generation |
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433 | (5) |
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8.14.1 Security Criteria and Their Evaluation |
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433 | (3) |
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8.14.2 Proof of Theorem 8.15 |
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436 | (2) |
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8.15 Duality Between Two Conditional Entropies |
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438 | (5) |
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8.15.1 Recovery of Maximally Entangled State from Evaluation of Classical Information |
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438 | (4) |
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8.15.2 Duality Between Two Conditional Entropies of Mutually Unbiased Basis |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (7) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (2) |
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447 | (3) |
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8.17 Proof of Theorem 8.2 |
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450 | (4) |
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8.18 Proof of Theorem 8.3 |
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454 | (1) |
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8.19 Proof of Theorem 8.8 for Mixed States |
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455 | (1) |
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8.20 Proof of Theorem 8.9 for Mixed States |
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456 | (3) |
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8.20.1 Proof of Direct Part |
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456 | (1) |
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8.20.2 Proof of Converse Part |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (2) |
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8.21.1 Entanglement Distillation |
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459 | (1) |
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8.21.2 Entanglement Dilution and Related Topics |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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8.21.4 Security and Related Topics |
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461 | (1) |
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8.22 Solutions of Exercises |
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461 | (30) |
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486 | (5) |
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9 Analysis of Quantum Communication Protocols |
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491 | (78) |
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9.1 Quantum Teleportation |
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491 | (2) |
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9.2 C-Q Channel Coding with Entangled Inputs |
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493 | (8) |
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9.3 C-Q Channel Coding with Shared Entanglement |
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501 | (9) |
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9.4 Quantum Channel Resolvability |
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510 | (6) |
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9.5 Quantum-Channel Communications with an Eavesdropper |
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516 | (11) |
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9.5.1 C-Q Wiretap Channel |
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516 | (2) |
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9.5.2 Relation to BB84 Protocol |
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518 | (2) |
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520 | (1) |
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9.5.4 Distillation of Classical Secret Key |
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521 | (2) |
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9.5.5 Proof of Direct Part of C-Q Wiretap Channel Coding Theorem |
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523 | (2) |
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9.5.6 Proof of Converse Part of C-Q Wiretap Channel Coding Theorem |
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525 | (2) |
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9.6 Channel Capacity for Quantum-State Transmission |
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527 | (14) |
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9.6.1 Conventional Formulation |
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527 | (7) |
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9.6.2 Proof of Hashing Inequality (8.121) |
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534 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Decoder with Assistance by Local Operations |
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534 | (7) |
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541 | (7) |
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9.7.1 Group Covariance Formulas |
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541 | (2) |
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9.7.2 d-Dimensional Depolarizing Channel |
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543 | (1) |
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9.7.3 Transpose Depolarizing Channel |
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544 | (1) |
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9.7.4 Generalized Pauli Channel |
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545 | (1) |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (1) |
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9.7.7 Phase-Damping Channel |
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547 | (1) |
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548 | (4) |
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552 | (3) |
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9.9.1 Additivity Conjecture |
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552 | (1) |
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9.9.2 Channel Coding with Shared Entanglement |
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553 | (1) |
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9.9.3 Quantum-State Transmission |
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554 | (1) |
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9.10 Solutions of Exercises |
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555 | (14) |
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565 | (4) |
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10 Source Coding in Quantum Systems |
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569 | (38) |
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10.1 Four Kinds of Source Coding Schemes in Quantum Systems |
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570 | (1) |
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10.2 Quantum Fixed-Length Source Coding |
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571 | (3) |
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10.3 Construction of a Quantum Fixed-Length Source Code |
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574 | (3) |
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10.4 Universal Quantum Fixed-Length Source Codes |
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577 | (2) |
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10.5 Universal Quantum Variable-Length Source Codes |
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579 | (1) |
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10.6 Mixed-State Case and Bipartite State Generation |
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580 | (6) |
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10.7 Compression with Classical Memory |
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586 | (4) |
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10.8 Compression with Shared Randomness |
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590 | (4) |
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10.9 Relation to Channel Capacities |
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594 | (3) |
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10.10 Proof of Lemma 10.3 |
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597 | (2) |
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599 | (2) |
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10.12 Solutions of Exercises |
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601 | (6) |
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603 | (4) |
Appendix: Limits and Linear Algebra |
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607 | (20) |
Postface to Japanese version |
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627 | (4) |
Index |
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631 | |