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Quaternary Coral Reef Systems: History, development processes and controlling factors, Volume 5 [Hardback]

(University of Glasgow, Scotland, U.K.), (University of Provence, Marseille, France)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 550 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 1010 g
  • Sērija : Developments in Marine Geology
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Aug-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444532471
  • ISBN-13: 9780444532473
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 550 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 1010 g
  • Sērija : Developments in Marine Geology
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Aug-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444532471
  • ISBN-13: 9780444532473
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

This book presents both state-of-the art knowledge from Recent coral reefs (1.8 million to a few centuries old) gained since the eighties, and introduces geologists, oceanographers and environmentalists to sedimentological and paleoecological studies of an ecosystem encompassing some of the world's richest biodiversity. Scleractinian reefs first appeared about 300 million years ago. Today coral reef systems provide some of the most sensitive gauges of environmental change, expressing the complex interplay of chemical, physical, geological and biological factors. The topics covered will include the evolutionary history of reef systems and some of the main reef builders since the Cenozoic, the effects of biological and environmental forces on the zonation of reef systems and the distribution of reef organisms and on reef community dynamics through time, changes in the geometry, anatomy and stratigraphy of reef bodies and systems in relation to changes in sea level and tectonics, the distribution patterns of sedimentary (framework or detrital) facies in relation to those of biological communities, the modes and rates of reef accretion (progradation, aggradation versus backstepping; coral growth versus reef growth), the hydrodynamic forces controlling water circulation through reef structures and their relationship to early diagenetic processes, the major diagenetic processes affecting reef bodies through time (replacement and diddolution, dolomitization, phosphatogenesis), and the record of climate change by both individual coral colonies and reef systems over the Quaternary.



* state-of-the-art knowledge from Recent corals reefs
* introduction to sedimentological and paleoecological studies of an ecosystems encompassing some of the world's richest biodiversity.
* authors are internationally regarded authorities on the subject
* trustworthy information

Papildus informācija

The latest volume in the Developments in Marine Geology Series explores Quaternary coral reef systems and the paleoclimatic records they hold of the last 1.8 million years.
Preface xiii
Introduction: Quaternary Reefs in Time and Space
1(22)
The Reef Phenomenon: Definitions and History of Discovery and Research
1(2)
Types of Coral Reefs
3(3)
Fringing Reefs
4(1)
Barrier Reefs
4(1)
Atolls
5(1)
Bank Reefs
6(1)
Geographical Distribution of Corals and Coral Reefs
6(3)
Modern Tropical Climate Modes
9(2)
Quaternary Time Scales
11(1)
Trends in the Quaternary Climate Dynamics
12(2)
Establishing the Chronology of Quaternary Coral Reefs
14(6)
Oxygen Stable Isotopes
14(1)
Uranium-Series Dating
15(1)
Radiocarbon Dating
16(1)
Aminostratigraphy
17(1)
Electron Spin Resonance
18(1)
Magnetostratigraphy
18(1)
Strontium Ratios
19(1)
Other Dating Methods
19(1)
Methods of Obtaining Data
20(3)
Surface Observations
20(1)
Pleistocene and Recent Reef Structures
20(3)
Palaeobiogeography: Evaluation of the Inheritance from the Tertiary
23(44)
Introduction
23(1)
Development Patterns of Tertiary Coral Reefs
24(18)
From the End-Cretaceous Extinction to the Cenozoic Recovery
24(1)
Extinction patterns
25(2)
Recovery patterns
27(1)
Coral and Reef Diversification in Time and Space
28(1)
Mechanisms of diversification
28(5)
History of coral reef evolution
33(9)
Temporal and Spatial Variations in Coral and Calcareous Algal Diversity
42(21)
Reef-Building Corals
42(1)
The western Atlantic-Caribbean province
42(5)
The eastern Pacific
47(2)
The eastern Atlantic
49(1)
The Indo-West Pacific province
49(4)
Inter-regional comparison
53(1)
Case Study: The Historical Biogeography of the Genus Acropora
53(4)
Coralline Red Algae
57(4)
Green alga Halimeda
61(2)
Conclusions
63(4)
Structure, Zonation and Dynamic Patterns of Coral Reef Communities
67(56)
Introduction
67(1)
Structure and Zonation of Modern Reef Communities
68(10)
The Western Atlantic-Caribbean Province
68(4)
The Indo-Pacific Province
72(6)
Structure and Zonation of Quaternary Reef Communities
78(34)
The Western Atlantic-Caribbean Province
78(1)
The Pleistocene
78(6)
The latest Pleistocene to Holocene
84(4)
The recent past
88(1)
The Indo-Pacific Province
89(1)
The Pleistocene
89(12)
The latest Pleistocene to Holocene
101(8)
The recent past
109(3)
Dynamic Patterns of Reef Communities
112(7)
Reef-Community Stability
112(3)
Reef-Community Variability
115(3)
Reef-Community Stability Versus Variability: The Time-Scale Question
118(1)
Conclusions
119(4)
Controls on the Development, Distribution and Preservation of Reefs
123(48)
Introduction
123(2)
Controls on Reef Development and Distribution
125(13)
Biotic Controls: The Role of Recruitment, Species Saturation, Competition, Predation, Symbiosis and Disease
125(4)
Abiotic Controls: The Role of Physical and Chemical Disturbances
129(1)
Substrate availability and refuges
129(1)
Antecedent topography
130(2)
Tectonics
132(2)
Dust input
134(1)
Atmospheric CO2 and aragonite saturation
134(2)
Sea level
136(2)
Controls on Reef Community Preservation: The Taphonomic Approach
138(29)
The Distribution of Taphonomic Signatures
139(1)
The modern and Holocene record
139(5)
The Pleistocene record
144(2)
Taphonomic Features as Criteria for Identifying Reef Sub-Environments and Depositional Events
146(1)
Identification of reef sub-environments
146(1)
Identification of short-term depositional events
147(3)
Taphonomic Controls on Modern and Fossil Reef Communities
150(1)
Coral communities
150(11)
Molluscan communities
161(2)
Foraminiferal assemblages
163(1)
Echinoderm assemblages
164(3)
Conclusions
167(4)
Patterns of Carbonate Production and Deposition on Reefs
171(52)
Introduction
171(1)
Patterns of Reef Carbonate Production
172(11)
Growth and Production Rates of Reef Dwellers
172(1)
Corals
173(2)
Coralline algae
175(1)
Rhodoliths
176(1)
Halimeda
177(1)
Molluscs
177(1)
Benthic foraminifera
178(1)
Calcareous epibionts
178(1)
Bioeroders
179(2)
Carbonate Production at the Scale of Single Reef Systems
181(2)
Reef Carbonate Production at Global and Provincial Scales
183(1)
Patterns of Reef Carbonate Deposition
183(38)
The Nature and Distribution of Components in Superficial Sediments
183(2)
Corals
185(2)
Coralline algae
187(1)
Green algae Halimeda
188(1)
Molluscs
189(1)
Foraminifera
190(1)
Other skeletal components
191(2)
Non-skeletal and compound carbonate grains
193(1)
Unlithified carbonate mud
193(1)
Free-living nodules
193(2)
Microbialites
195(2)
Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sediments
197(1)
Classification of Sediment Types
198(1)
Carbonate rudstone-dominated types
198(4)
Carbonate grainstone/packstone-dominated types
202(7)
Carbonate wackestone/mudstone-dominated sediments
209(1)
Temporal and Spatial Shifts in Skeletal Sediment Composition
210(2)
Depositional Rates of Reef Carbonates
212(2)
Reef-edge, framework-dominated aggregations
214(3)
Reef-edge, detritus-dominated accumulations
217(1)
Lagoonal sediment accumulations
217(1)
Halimeda mounds
218(1)
Control of Reef Growth Styles on Rates of Deposition
218(2)
Control of Latitude on Rates of Deposition
220(1)
Conclusions
221(2)
Reef Anatomy and Stratigraphy
223(48)
Introduction
223(1)
Morphology and Anatomy of Holocene Reefs
224(13)
Nature and Compositions of Reefs
225(1)
The Fore-reef
225(3)
Reef-edge, framework-dominated sequences
228(1)
Reef-edge, detritus-dominated sequences
229(1)
Back-reef/lagoonal sediment sequences
230(3)
The Thickness of Holocene Reef Sequences
233(1)
Conceptual Models of Reef Deposition
233(4)
Structure and Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Barrier Reefs and Atolls
237(10)
Barrier and Shelf Reefs
237(1)
Case studies from the Caribbean
238(2)
Case studies from the Indian Ocean
240(1)
Case studies from the Pacific Ocean
241(3)
Atolls
244(3)
Stratigraphy of Emerged Reef Terraces
247(8)
The Huon Peninsula and Barbados Models
247(2)
Other Reef Terraces Sequences
249(3)
High-Carbonate Islands
252(1)
The Question of Multistage Terrace Development
253(2)
Stratigraphy of Submerged Reef Terraces and Banks
255(7)
Case Studies from Stable Areas
256(3)
Case Studies from Subsiding Areas
259(3)
Case Studies from Uplifting Areas
262(1)
Reef Stratigraphy and Numerical Modelling
262(6)
Conclusions
268(3)
Reef Hydrogeology
271(52)
Introduction
271(1)
External Hydrology: Water Characteristics and Reef Responses to Waves and Currents
272(31)
Sea Surface Temperatures
272(1)
Temperatures and global limits to reef growth
272(1)
Intratropical temperature variations
273(1)
Historical changes in temperature limits
274(3)
Water Quality and Nutrients
277(1)
The modern record
277(3)
The Holocene-Pleistocene record
280(1)
Salinity
280(1)
The modern record
280(3)
The Holocene-Pleistocene record
283(1)
Water Turbidity
283(1)
The modern record
283(3)
The Holocene-Pleistocene record
286(1)
Hydrodynamics: The Effects of Tides, Currents, Waves, Tropical Storms and Tsunamis
286(1)
Tides and regional currents
286(4)
Winds and waves
290(4)
Hydrodynamics and coral morphology
294(1)
Storms, cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons
295(6)
Tsunamis
301(2)
Groundwater Hydrology
303(17)
Characteristics of the Reef Hydrological System
303(3)
Flow in Holocene Reefs
306(1)
The influence of permeability and conductivity
306(1)
Chemical and nutrient gradients
307(2)
Geothermal gradient and convective circulation
309(3)
Flow in Pleistocene Reefs
312(1)
Case studies from the Caribbean
313(4)
Case studies from the Pacific
317(3)
Conclusions
320(3)
Reef Diagenesis
323(50)
Introduction
323(1)
Mineralogy of Sediment Components
324(1)
Cements in Quaternary Reef Limestones
325(19)
Controls on Cement Morphology
326(1)
Contamination
326(1)
Growth rates and reactant supply
327(1)
Changes in water chemistry
327(1)
Rates of fluid flow
328(1)
Microbial control
329(1)
Textures of Cements
330(3)
Marine cements
333(5)
Subaerial cements and associated deposits
338(3)
Geochemistry of Cements
341(3)
Replacement and Dissolution
344(7)
Neomorphism and Early Diagenesis of corals
345(3)
Neomorphism of Magnesian Calcite
348(1)
Wholesale Dissolution of Carbonate Minerals
349(1)
The Effects of Compaction
350(1)
Hydrological Control of Flow Rates
351(2)
Flow in Seawater
351(1)
Flow Rates in Meteoric Waters
352(1)
Rates of Reef Diagenesis
353(2)
Rates of Diagenesis in Marine Environments
353(1)
Rates of Diagenesis in Freshwater Environments
353(2)
Diagenetic Sequences
355(3)
The Control of Sea Level and Climate
355(3)
The Control of Porosity
358(1)
Dolomite and Reefs
358(9)
Penecontemporaneous Dolomite
359(1)
Conceptual Models of Reef Dolomitization
360(1)
Evaporation and mixing-zone dolomites
361(2)
Thermal convection and large-scale circulation of seawater
363(2)
Cycles of Dolomitization
365(2)
Dissolution and Alteration of Dolomites
367(1)
Phosphorites
367(4)
Origins
368(1)
Avian guano
368(1)
Microbial mediation
369(1)
Age of deposition
370(1)
Conclusions
371(2)
Corals and Coral Reefs as Records of Climatic Change
373(56)
Introduction
373(1)
Individual Coral Colonies as Records of Climate
374(14)
Growth Mode of Banded Coral Skeletons and its Environmental Control
374(2)
Environmental Variables and their Proxies in Corals
376(1)
Sea surface temperature
376(4)
Sea surface salinity
380(1)
Precipitation
381(1)
Solar radiation
382(2)
Atmospheric and oceanic circulation
384(4)
Climate Reconstruction based on Individual Coral Colonies
388(17)
The Record of the Last Decades and Centuries
388(1)
The Pacific Ocean
388(3)
The Indian Ocean
391(2)
The Red Sea
393(2)
The western Atlantic
395(1)
The eastern Atlantic
396(1)
The Holocene Record
396(4)
The Last Glacial Maximum to Early Deglacial Record
400(1)
The Pleistocene Record
401(1)
The last interglacial
402(2)
The penultimate deglaciation
404(1)
Older interglacial-glacial periods
404(1)
Coral Reefs as Records of Sea-Level Change
405(21)
Reef Evidence of Sea-Level Position
405(1)
Reef flats and associated growth frameworks
406(2)
Erosional features
408(1)
Compositions of coralgal communities
409(1)
Other reef dwellers
409(1)
Geometry of subtidal to supratidal sedimentary deposits
410(1)
Fabrics and distributional patterns of cements
411(2)
Stratigraphy of stacked reef sequences in cores
413(1)
Numerical modelling of reef growth
413(1)
Reconstruction of Sea-Level Changes over Time
413(1)
The middle to late Holocene
413(4)
The last deglaciation
417(3)
The last interstadial period
420(4)
The last interglacial period
424(1)
Older glacial-interglacial cycles
425(1)
Conclusions
426(3)
Conclusions: Coral Reefs from the Past to the Future
429(8)
The Historical Perspective
429(1)
The Role of Controlling Factors in Reef Growth and Distribution
430(7)
Environmental Controls
430(1)
Biotic Controls
431(1)
Disturbances and Resilience of Reefs
431(1)
The Fossil Record as a Proxy for the Future of Reefs
431(2)
Global Warming and the Future of Reefs
433(1)
Prospective
434(3)
References 437(86)
Subject Index 523