This textbook is the first to focus on teaching readers how to formulate and solve forward and inverse problems related to coupled media, and provides examples of how to solve concrete problems in environmental remote sensing of coupled atmosphere-surface systems. To this end, the authors discuss radiative transfer in coupled media, such as the atmosphere-ocean system with Lambertian as well non-Lambertian reflecting surfaces at the lower boundary. The spectral range from the ultraviolet to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum is considered, as are multi-spectral as well as hyperspectral remote sensing, while solutions of the forward problem for unpolarized and polarized radiation are discussed in considerable detail.
INTRODUCTION INHERENT OPTICAL PROPERTIES Atmosphere Water Snow and
Ice Vegetation BASIC RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY Radiative Transfer Equation
(RTE) for Polarized and Unpolarized Radiation in Coupled Systems Isolation
of Azimuth Dependence Reflectance and Transmittance at Interface between the
two Coupled Media Specular VS Lambertian and non-Lambertian Reflection at
the Lower Boundary Methods of Solution of the RTE Discrete Ordinate Method
Successive Order of Scattering Method Monte Carlo Method Linearized
Radiative Transfer ? Jacobians Neural Network Forward Models Principal
Component Analysis Surface Roughness Treatment Kirchhoff Approximation
Gaussian Surface Slope Statistics FORWARD RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELING
Coupled atmosphere-Water Systems Coupled Atmosphere-Snow/Ice Systems
Coupled Atmosphere-Vegetation Canopies THE INVERSE PROBLEM Generic
Formulation of the Problem Linear Inverse Problems Least Squares Solutions
Ill-Posedness SVD Solutions and Resolution Kernels Regularizations required
to Enhance Stability of the Solution Trade-off between Stability and
Resolution Nonlinear Inverse Problems Gauss-Newton Solution of the
Nonlinear Inverse Problem Twomey-Tihkonov and Levenberg-Marquardt
Regularizations Bayes Theorem and Optimal Estimation APPLICATIONS Coupled
Atmosphere-Water Systems Simultaneous Retrieval of Aerosol and Aquatic
Parameters Coupled Atmosphere-Snow-Ice Systems Simultaneous Retrieval of
Aerosol and Snow/Ice Parameters Coupled Atmosphere-Vegetation Canopy Systems
Simultaneous Retrieval of Aerosol and Vegetation Canopy Parameters
REMAINING CHALLENGES CONCLUSIONS
Knut Stamnes is a Professor in the Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, and Director of the Department of Physics and Engineering Physic as well as the Light and Life Laboratory at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken New Jersey. Stamnes began his career in upper atmospheric physics, and has since specialized in atmospheric radiation, remote sensing, and climate-related studies. He has published more than 175 research papers, and is the co-author of Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean (Cambridge University Press, 1999). He is a fellow of OSA, a member of SPIE, and was elected member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences in 2009. Stamnes earned his B. Sc., and M. Sc. in physics from the University of Oslo, Norway, and his Ph. D. in Astro-Geophysics from the University of Colorado, USA. Jakob J. Stamnes is professor of physics in the Department of Physics and Technology at the University of Bergen, Norway. He has published a total of more than 160 papers on wave propagation, diffraction, and scattering as well as on remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean and of biological tissue. Stamnes is author of Waves in Focal Regions (Adam Hilger, 1986) and editor of the SPIE Milestone Series on "Electromagnetic Fields in the Focal Region" (SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Bellingham, USA, 2001). He is fellow of the OSA, founding member and fellow of the EOS (European Optical Society), a member of the SPIE, and was elected member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences in 2009. Stamnes obtained his M.Sc. degree in applied physics from the Norwegian Technical University, Trondheim, Norway in 1969 and his Ph.D. degree in optics from the University of Rochester, USA in 1975.
