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E-grāmata: Radio Receiver Technology: Principles, Architectures and Applications

  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Dec-2013
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118647844
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Dec-2013
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118647844
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"The purpose of this book is to provide the users of radio receivers with the required knowledge of the basic mechanisms and principles of present-day receiver technology"--

Rudersdorfer explains to radio receiver users the basic mechanisms and principles of present-day receiver technology. He begins by setting out general concepts using block diagrams tailored to the needs of different users, adding circuit designs only when needed for comprehension. The rest of the book surveys various applications and their typical requirements. His topics are the functional principle of radio receivers, fields of use and applications, receiver characteristics and their measurement, and a model for the practical evaluation of radio receivers. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Written by an expert in the field, this book covers the principles, architectures, applications, specifications and characterizations of radio receivers

In this book, the author introduces the reader to the basic principles and theories of present-day communications receiver technology. The first section of the book presents realization concepts at the system level, taking into consideration the various types of users. Details of the circuitry are described providing the reader with an understanding of fully digitized radio receivers, offering an insight into the state-of-the-art.

The remaining sections address radio receivers, particularly as two-port devices. Furthermore, the author outlines the fields of applications (with sample calculations and with reference to practical work) and their features and considers also the specialty of high-quality radio receivers. As can be seen from the multitude of terrestrial applications described in Part II, they are typically used for radio surveillance, signal intelligence, modern radio bearing and at the classical radio services. Parts III and IV describe the entire range of parameters that are useful for the characterization of these receivers. The description starts from the physical effect, or the explanation of the individual parameter, and then proceeds to the measuring technique for determining the parameters, highlighting problems, followed by explanatory notes with applicatory relevance. The measuring procedures described are the result of experiences gained in extended laboratory work and practical testing. With the model shown in Part IV, used for the operational evaluation detailing the intrinsic small range of interpretation, the book covers untreated research in the field. The Appendix provides among others valuable information about the dimensioning of receiving systems and the mathematical derivation of non-linear effects and as well as a useful method for converting different level specifications.

Key Features:

  • Introduces the basic principles and theories of present-day technology
  • Discusses concepts at system level (aligned to the various types of users)
  • Addresses (fully) digitized radio receivers focusing on the state-of-the-art
  • Close contacts to the industry were utilized to show background information
  • Enables the reader to comprehend and evaluate the characteristic features and the performance of such systems
  • Examines the entire range of parameters that are characteristic of the technology including the physical effect and measuring techniques
  • Includes results of experiences gained in extended laboratory work and practical testing with examples
  • Provides a uniform and systematic approach for ease of understanding e.g. many didactic figures for the visual illustration have been newly created as well as complete real-world examples

This book will be an excellent resource to understand the principles of work, for professionals developing and testing radio receivers, for receiver users (e.g. at regulatory agencies, surveillance centers, secret services, classical radio communications services), technicians, engineers and technicians who work with RF-measurement instruments, postgraduate students studying in the field and university lecturers. Chartered radio amateurs and handlers/operators will also find this book insightful. Due to high level of detail, it also serves as a reference. By using the carefully edited alphabetical index with over 1,200 entries, the appropriate explanations can be found quickly in the text.

About the Author xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
I Functional Principle of Radio Receivers 1(48)
I.1 Some History to Start
1(3)
I.1.1 Resonance Receivers, Fritters, Coherers, and Square-Law Detectors (Detector Receivers)
1(1)
I.1.2 Development of the Audion
2(2)
I.2 Present-Day Concepts
4(19)
I.2.1 Single-Conversion Superhet
4(4)
I.2.2 Multiple-Conversion Superhet
8(6)
I.2.3 Direct Mixer
14(3)
I.2.4 Digital Receiver
17(6)
I.3 Practical Example of an (A11-)Digital Radio Receiver
23(16)
I.3.1 Functional Blocks for Digital Signal Processing
25(1)
I.3.2 The A/D Converter as a Key Component
26(4)
I.3.3 Conversion to Zero Frequency
30(3)
I.3.4 Accuracy and Reproducibility
33(1)
I.3.5 VFO for Frequency Tuning
34(2)
I.3.6 Other Required Hardware
36(1)
I.3.7 Receive Frequency Expansion by Subsampling
37(2)
I.4 Practical Example of a Portable Wideband Radio Receiver
39(7)
I.4.1 Analog RF Frontend for a Wide Receive Frequency Range
40(2)
I.4.2 Subsequent Digital Signal Processing
42(1)
I.4.3 Demodulation with Received Signal Level Measurement
43(2)
I.4.4 Spectral Resolution of the Frequency Occupancy
45(1)
References
46(2)
Further Reading
48(1)
II Fields of Use and Applications of Radio Receivers 49(64)
II.1 Prologue
49(1)
II.2 Wireless Telecontrol
50(4)
II.2.1 Radio Ripple Control
52(2)
II.3 Non-Public Radio Services
54(10)
II.3.1 Air Traffic Radio
54(2)
II.3.2 Maritime Radio
56(2)
II.3.3 Land Radio
58(2)
II.3.4 Amateur Radio
60(3)
II.3.5 Mobile Radio
63(1)
II.4 Radio Intelligence, Radio Surveillance
64(19)
II.4.1 Numerous Signal Types
64(5)
II.4.2 Searching and Detecting
69(6)
II.4.3 Monitoring Emissions
75(3)
II.4.4 Classifying and Analyzing Radio Scenarios
78(3)
II.4.5 Receiver Versus Spectrum Analyzer
81(2)
II.5 Direction Finding and Radio Localization
83(18)
II.5.1 Basic Principles of Radio Direction Finding
83(11)
II.5.2 Radio Reconnaissance and Radio Surveillance
94(4)
II.5.3 Aeronautical Navigation and Air Traffic Control
98(2)
II.5.4 Marine Navigation and Maritime Traffic
100(1)
II.6 Terrestrial Radio Broadcast Reception
101(3)
II.7 Time Signal Reception
104
II.8 Modern Radio Frequency Usage and Frequency Economy
101(8)
II.8.1 Trunked Radio Networks
107(1)
II.8.2 Cognitive Radio
108(1)
References
109(3)
Further Reading
112(1)
III Receiver Characteristics and their Measurement 113(132)
III.1 Objectives and Benefits
113(1)
III.2 Preparations for Metrological Investigations
114(4)
III.2.1 The Special Case of Correlative Noise Suppression
115(1)
III.2.2 The Special Case of Digital Radio Standards
116(2)
III.3 Receiver Input Matching and Input Impedance
118(3)
III.3.1 Measuring Impedance and Matching
120(1)
III.3.2 Measuring Problems
121(1)
III.4 Sensitivity
121(26)
III.4.1 Limitations Set by Physics
122(1)
III.4.2 Noise Factor and Noise Figure
123(2)
III.4.3 Measuring the Noise Figure
125(2)
III.4.4 Equivalent Noise Bandwidth
127(2)
III.4.5 Minimum Discernible Signal
129(1)
III.4.6 Measuring the Minimum Discernible Signal
130(1)
III.4.7 Input Noise Voltage
131(1)
III.4.8 Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) and Operational Sensitivity (S+N)/N, SINAD
132(4)
III.4.9 De-emphasis
136(2)
III.4.10 Usable and Suitable Sensitivity
138(6)
III.4.11 Maximum Signal-to-Interference Ratio
144(1)
III.4.12 Measuring the Operational Sensitivity and Maximum SIR
145(2)
III.4.13 Measuring Problems
147(1)
III.5 Spurious Reception
147(9)
III.5.1 Origin of Inherent Spurious Response
147(1)
III.5.2 Measuring Inherent Spurious Response
148(1)
III.5.3 Reception and Suppression of Image Frequencies
149(2)
III.5.4 IF Interference and IF Interference Ratio
151(1)
III.5.5 Reception of Other Interfering Signals
152(1)
III.5.6 Measuring the Spurious Signal Reception
153(1)
III.5.7 The Special Case of Linear Crosstalk
153(1)
III.5.8 Measuring the Linear Crosstalk Suppression
154(1)
III.5.9 Measuring Problems
155(1)
III.6 Near Selectivity
156(6)
III.6.1 Receive Bandwidth and Shape Factor
157(1)
III.6.2 Measuring the Receive Bandwidth
158(2)
III.6.3 Adjacent Channel Suppression
160(1)
III.6.4 Measuring the Adjacent Channel Suppression
160(1)
III.6.5 Measuring Problems
161(1)
III.7 Reciprocal Mixing
162(9)
III.7.1 Single Sideband Noise
162(4)
III.7.2 Non-Harmonic (Close to Carrier) Distortions
166(1)
III.7.3 Sensitivity Reduction by Reciprocal Mixing
166(3)
III.7.4 Measuring Reciprocal Mixing
169(2)
III.7.5 Measuring Problems
171(1)
III.8 Blocking
171(3)
III.8.1 Compression in the RF Frontend or the IF Section
171(1)
III.8.2 AGC Response to Interfering Signals
172(1)
III.8.3 Reduction of Signal-to-Interference Ratio by Blocking
172(1)
III.8.4 Measuring the Blocking Effect
173(1)
III.8.5 Measuring Problems
174(1)
III.9 Intermodulation
174(25)
III.9.1 Origin of Intermodulation
174(1)
III.9.2 Second-and Third-Order Intermodulation
175(6)
III.9.3 Higher Order Intermodulation
181(1)
III.9.4 The Special Case of Electromechanical, Ceramic and Quartz Filters
182(1)
III.9.5 The Special Case of A/D Converted and Digitally Processed Signals
183(2)
III.9.6 Intermodulation Immunity
185(1)
III.9.7 Maximum Intermodulation-Limited Dynamic Range
185(1)
III.9.8 Intercept Point
186(1)
III.9.9 Effective Intercept Point (Receiver Factor or...)
187(1)
III.9.10 Measuring the Intermodulation Immunity
188(2)
III.9.11 Measuring Problems
190(5)
III.9.12 In-band Intermodulation and Non-Linear Crosstalk
195(3)
III.9.13 Measurement of the In-band Intermodulation
198(1)
III.10 Cross-Modulation
199(5)
III.10.1 Generation
199(2)
III.10.2 Ionospheric Cross-Modulation
201(2)
III.10.3 Measuring the Cross-Modulation Immunity
203(1)
III.10.4 Measuring Problems
204(1)
III.11 Quality Factor of Selective RF Preselectors under Operating Conditions
204(5)
III.11.1 Increasing the Dynamic Range by High-Quality Preselection
205(2)
III.11.2 Measuring the Frequency Response
207(2)
III.12 Large-Signal Behaviour in General
209(4)
III.12.1 Concrete Example
209(3)
III.12.2 The IP3 Interpretation Fallacy
212(1)
III.13 Audio Reproduction Properties
213(5)
III.13.1 AF Frequency Response
213(1)
III.13.2 Measuring the AF Frequency Response
214(1)
III.13.3 Reproduction Quality and Distortions
214(3)
III.13.4 Measuring the Demodulation Harmonic Distortion
217(1)
III.13.5 Measuring Problems
218(1)
III.14 Behaviour of the Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
218(5)
III.14.1 Static Control Behaviour
218(1)
III.14.2 Measuring the Static Control Behaviour
219(1)
III.14.3 Time-Dynamic Control Behaviour
219(2)
III.14.4 Measuring the Time-Dynamic Control Behaviour
221(2)
III.15 Long-Term Frequency Stability
223(3)
III.15.1 Measuring the Long-Term Frequency Stability
224(1)
III.15.2 Measuring Problems
225(1)
III.16 Characteristics of the Noise Squelch
226(1)
III.16.1 Measuring the Squelch Threshold
227(1)
III.17 Receiver Stray Radiation
227(3)
III.17.1 Measuring the Receiver Stray Radiation
229(1)
III.17.2 Measuring Problems
230(1)
III.18 (Relative) Receive Signal Strength and S Units
230(6)
III.18.1 Definitions and Predetermined Levels of S Units
233(1)
III.18.2 Measuring the Accuracy of the Relative Signal Strength Indication
234(1)
III.18.3 Measuring Problems
234(2)
III.19 AM Suppression in the F3E Receiving Path
236(2)
III.19.1 Measuring the AM Suppression
237(1)
III.20 Scanning Speed in Search Mode
238(2)
III.20.1 Measuring the Scanning Speed
239(1)
References
240(2)
Further Reading
242(3)
IV Practical Evaluation of Radio Receivers (A Model) 245(12)
IV.1 Factual Situation
245(1)
IV.2 Objective Evaluation of Characteristics in Practical Operation
245(4)
IV.2.1 Hardly Equal Conditions
247(1)
IV.2.2 No Approximation Possible
247(2)
IV.3 Information Gained in Practical Operation
249(4)
IV.3.1 Help of a Reference Unit
252(1)
IV.3.2 A Fine Distinction is Hardly Possible or Necessary
253(1)
IV.4 Interpretation (and Contents of the 'Table of operational PRACTICE')
253(2)
IV.4.1 The Gain in Information
254(1)
IV.5 Specific Equipment Details
255(1)
References
255(1)
Further Reading
255(2)
V Concluding Information 257(24)
V.1 Cascade of Noisy Two-Ports (Overall Noise Performance)
257(3)
V.2 Cascade of Intermodulating Two-Ports (Overall Intermodulation Performance)
260(4)
V.2.1 Overall Third-Order Intercept Point
261(1)
V.2.2 Overall Second-Order Intercept Point
262(1)
V.2.3 Computer-Aided Calculations
263(1)
V.3 Mathematical Description of the Intermodulation Formation
264(5)
V.3.1 Second-Order Intermodulation
265(1)
V.3.2 Third-Order Intermodulation
266(1)
V.3.3 Other Terms in the Transfer Characteristic Polynomial
267(2)
V.4 Mixing and Derivation of Spurious Reception
269(3)
V.4.1 Mixing = Multiplication
269(2)
V.4.2 Ambiguous Mixing Process
271(1)
V.5 Characteristics of Emission Classes According to the ITU RR
272(1)
V.6 Geographic Division of the Earth by Region According to ITU RR
272(1)
V.7 Conversion of dB...Levels
272(6)
V.7.1 Voltage, Current and Power Levels
276(2)
V.7.2 Electric and Magnetic Field Strength, (Power) Flux Density Levels
278(1)
References
278(1)
Further Reading
279(2)
List of Tables 281(2)
Index 283
Ralf Rudersdorfer, born in 1979, began his career at the Institute for Applied Physics. He then changed to the Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems (formerly Institute for Communications and Information Engineering) of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria, to take over the laboratory area and technical agendas of the Institute. His activities included the setting up of a measuring station with attenuated reflection properties / antenna measuring lab and furnishing the electronic labs of the Mechatronics Department with new basic equipment.

He began publishing technical papers at the age of 21. In August 2002 he became a Guest Consultant for laboratory equipment and RF hardware and conducted practical training courses in "Electronic Circuit Engineering" at the reactivated Institute for Electronics Engineering at the Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. In 2006 he applied for a patent covering the utilization of a specific antenna design for two widely deviating ranges of operating frequencies, which was granted within only 14 months without any prior objections. In the winter semesters 2008 to 2011 he gets the lectureship for the practical course "Applied Electrical Engineering" at the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.

Rudersdorfer is author of numerous practice-oriented publications in the fields of radio transmitters and radio receivers, high-frequency technology, and general electronics. Furthermore, he was responsible for the preparation of more than 55 measuring protocols regarding the comprehensive testing of transmitting and receiving equipment of various designs and radio standards issued and published by a trade magazine. During this project alone he defined more than 550 intercept points at receivers. He has repeatedly been invited to present papers at conferences and specialized trade fairs. At the same time he is active in counseling various organizations like external cooperation partners of the university institute, public authorities, companies, associations, and editorial offices on wireless telecommunication, radio technology, antenna technology, and electronic measuring systems.

At the VHF Convention Weinheim, Germany, in 2003 he received the Young Talent Special Award in the radio technology section. At the short-wave/VHF/UHF conference conducted in 2006 at the Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany, he took first place in the measuring technology section. The argumentation for the present work in its original version received the EEEfCOM Innovation Award 2011 as a special recognition of achievements in Electrical and Electronic Engineering for Communication.