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E-grāmata: Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History: Volume 2

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Edited by (University of Ghent, Belgium), Edited by (University of Bradford, UK)
  • Formāts: 349 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Oct-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-13: 9781788013475
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Raman Spectroscopy in Archaeology and Art History: Volume 2Palielināt
  • Formāts: 349 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Oct-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-13: 9781788013475
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Ten years after the first volume, this book highlights the important contribution Raman spectroscopy makes as a non-destructive method for characterising the chemical composition of objects with archaeological and historical importance. The original book was ground-breaking in its concept, but the past ten years have seen some advancement into new areas, consolidation of some of the older ones and novel applications involving portable instrumentation, on site in museums and in the field.



This new volume maintains the topic at the cutting edge, the Editors have approached prominent contributors to provide case-studies sorted into themes. Starting with a Foreword from the British Museum Director of Scientific Research and an Introduction from the Editors, which offer general background information and theoretical context, the contributions then provide global perspectives on this powerful analytical tool.



Aimed at scientists involved in conservation, conservators and curators who want to better understand their collections at a material level and researchers of cultural heritage.
Chapter 1 Analytical Raman Spectroscopy of Inks 1(15)
Howell G.M. Edwards
1.1 Introduction
1(4)
1.2 The Detection of Ancient Inks
5(3)
1.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy
6(2)
1.3 Case Studies
8(4)
1.3.1 The Vinland Map
8(2)
1.3.2 The Voynich Manuscript
10(1)
1.3.3 The Beato de Valcavado Manuscript
11(1)
1.4 Conclusion
12(1)
References
13(3)
Chapter 2 Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Romano-British Wall Paintings: A Comparison Between Geographically Different Sites at the Northern Fringe of the Roman Empire 16(15)
Howell G.M. Edwards
Rebecca Widdowson
Jennifer Proctor
2.1 Introduction
16(4)
2.2 Experimental
20(4)
2.2.1 Villa Sites and Samples
20(1)
2.2.2 Raman Spectroscopy
21(3)
2.3 Results and Discussion
24(3)
2.4 Conclusions
27(1)
References
28(3)
Chapter 3 Evidence of Pentimenti for the Authentication of Paintings: A Challenge for Analytical Science at the Interface with Art History 31(15)
Timothy J. Benoy
William A. Edwards
Howell G.M. Edwards
3.1 Introduction
31(4)
3.2 The de Brecy Tondo
35(3)
3.3 Historical Provenancing
38(2)
3.4 Scientific Analysis
40(2)
3.5 Conclusions
42(1)
References
43(3)
Chapter 4 Dancing on Eggshells: A Holistic Analytical Study of a Ballet Dancer on Regency Porcelain 46(15)
Howell G.M. Edwards
Alexander P.H. Surtees
Richard Telford
4.1 Introduction
46(4)
4.1.1 Ballet History
48(2)
4.2 The Porcelain Connection
50(2)
4.3 Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Spill Vase
52(5)
4.3.1 Raman Spectroscopic Data and Discussion
53(4)
4.4 Conclusions
57(2)
References
59(2)
Chapter 5 Pigments and Colourants 61(7)
Peter Vandenabeele
Anastasia Rousaki
Mafalda Costa
Luc Moens
Howell G.M. Edwards
Acknowledgements
66(1)
References
66(2)
Chapter 6 Micro Raman Spectroscopy of Epipalaeolithic Decorated Pebbles from Arroyo Moreras 2 (Parque Darwin, Madrid) 68(13)
A. Hernanz
J.M. Gavira-Vallejo
P. Bueno-Ramirez
R. de Balbin-Behrmann
J. Morin de Pablos
C. de Juana Ortin
6.1 Introduction
68(1)
6.1.1 Initial Remarks
68(1)
6.1.2 Archaeological Background
69(1)
6.2 Experimental
69(4)
6.3 Results and Discussion
73(5)
6.3.1 Pebble C-AM-86
73(1)
6.3.2 Pebble C-AM-245
74(1)
6.3.3 Pebble C-AM-246
75(3)
6.4 Conclusion
78(1)
Acknowledgements
78(1)
References
79(2)
Chapter 7 Raman Microscopy as a Primary Technique for Identifying Micro-residues Related to Tool-use on Prehistoric Stone Artefacts 81(16)
Linda C. Prinsloo
Luc Bordes
7.1 Introduction
81(1)
7.2 Archaeological Background
82(1)
7.3 Experimental Methods
82(3)
7.3.1 Sample Preparation
82(2)
7.3.2 Raman Analysis
84(1)
7.3.3 Cleaning and Analysis Procedures
84(1)
7.3.4 Reference Material
84(1)
7.4 Results and Discussion
85(10)
7.4.1 Sediment
85(1)
7.4.2 Experimental Tools
85(5)
7.4.3 Archaeological Artefacts
90(5)
7.5 Conclusions
95(1)
Acknowledgements
95(1)
References
95(2)
Chapter 8 Biological Materials of Significance to Cultural Heritage 97(26)
Elizabeth A. Carter
8.1 Introduction
97(1)
8.2 Human Tissue
98(10)
8.2.1 Keratin Proteins
98(1)
8.2.2 Morphological Structure
98(2)
8.2.3 Characteristic Raman Spectra of Keratin Proteins
100(1)
8.2.4 Mummified Remains
101(5)
8.2.5 Hair
106(2)
8.3 Skeletal Remains
108(7)
8.3.1 A Comparison of Ancient and Modern Teeth
109(6)
8.4 Brain Matter
115(2)
8.4.1 The Heslington Brain
115(1)
8.4.2 St John the Evangelist Church
116(1)
8.5 Calculi
117(1)
8.5.1 Gristhorpe Man
117(1)
8.5.2 Oluz Hoyuk
118(1)
8.6 Conclusion
118(1)
Acknowledgements
119(1)
References
119(4)
Chapter 9 Discrimination of Contraband Ivories Using Long Wavelength Portable Raman Instrumentation 123(18)
Sarah Kelloway
Howell G.M. Edwards
Brad Swarbrick
Elizabeth A. Carter
9.1 Introduction
123(7)
9.1.1 Previous Raman Spectroscopy Studies of Ivories
127(3)
9.2 Experimental
130(3)
9.2.1 Materials
130(2)
9.2.2 Raman Portable Spectrometer
132(1)
9.2.3 Spectral Analysis
132(1)
9.3 Results
133(4)
9.3.1 Spectral Analysis
133(1)
9.3.2 Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA)
133(4)
9.4 Discussion and Conclusions
137(1)
Acknowledgements
138(1)
References
138(3)
Chapter 10 Micro-Raman and Provenance Studies: The Case of Levantine Ceramics 141(16)
Laura Medeghini
Danilo Bersani
Silvano Mignardi
Caterina de Vito
Pier Paolo Lottici
10.1 Introduction
141(1)
10.2 Experimental
142(1)
10.3 Results and Discussion
143(10)
10.3.1 Technological Level
143(9)
10.3.2 Provenance of the Raw Material
152(1)
10.3.3 Burial Conditions
152(1)
10.4 Concluding Remarks
153(1)
References
154(3)
Chapter 11 Raman Spectroscopy for the Identification of Materials in Contemporary Painting 157(17)
Silvia Bruni
Vittoria Guglielmi
11.1 Introduction
157(1)
11.2 Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Applied to Coloured Inks and Fluorescent Pigments
158(4)
11.3 Portable Raman, Reflection FTIR and FT-Raman Non-invasive Study of 20th Century Household and Automotive Paints
162(5)
11.4 Raman Analysis of Pigments in Contemporary Paintings by Portable Instrumentation
167(5)
11.5 Conclusions
172(1)
References
172(2)
Chapter 12 Application of Micro-spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy to Street Art Paintings 174(10)
C. Conti
A. Botteon
C. Colombo
M. Realini
P. Matousek
12.1 Introduction
174(1)
12.2 Micro-spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy
175(1)
12.3 Materials
176(1)
12.4 Methods
176(2)
12.4.1 Full Micro-SORS
177(1)
12.4.2 Defocusing Micro-SORS
177(1)
12.5 Results and Discussion
178(4)
12.6 Conclusions
182(1)
References
183(1)
Chapter 13 Raman Spectroscopy as a Cultural Heritage Forensic Tool 184(12)
Catarina Miguel
Antonio Candeias
13.1 Unveiling the Authenticity of an Artwork Destroyed by a Fire
184(3)
13.2 Authenticity Evaluation of an Artwork Intercepted in the Trade Markets
187(2)
13.3 Unveiling the Placement's Authenticity of Early Brazilian Printed Stamps Through Raman Microscopy
189(5)
13.4 Final Remarks
194(1)
References
194(2)
Chapter 14 Outdoor Bronze and Its Protection 196(17)
P. Ropret
T. Kosec
14.1 Introduction
196(2)
14.2 Experimental
198(3)
14.2.1 Sampling
198(2)
14.2.2 Materials
200(1)
14.2.3 Instrumentation
200(1)
14.3 Results and Discussion
201(8)
14.3.1 Case Studies
201(4)
14.3.2 Protection Systems
205(4)
14.4 Conclusion
209(1)
References
210(3)
Chapter 15 Analysis of the Degradation of Medieval Mural Paintings in the Open Air Abandoned Church of Ribera, North of Spain 213(21)
Juan Manuel Madariaga
Ilaria Costantini
Kepa Castro
15.1 Introduction
213(4)
15.2 Experimental
217(3)
15.2.1 Instrumentation
217(1)
15.2.2 In Situ Analysis
218(1)
15.2.3 Micro-sampling and Laboratory Instrumental Setup
218(2)
15.3 Results
220(8)
15.3.1 Pigments and Paintings
220(2)
15.3.2 Soluble and Insoluble Efflorescence Salts
222(4)
15.3.3 Biopatinas
226(2)
15.4 Discussion and Conclusions
228(2)
Acknowledgements
230(1)
References
230(4)
Chapter 16 Miniaturized Raman Spectrometers Applied to Gemstone Analyses on Works of Art 234(20)
Jan Jehlioka
Adam Culka
16.1 Introduction
234(3)
16.2 Specifics of Portable Instrumentation
237(2)
16.3 Loose Gemstones and Minerals and Their Spectroscopic Investigation Using Portable Instruments
239(2)
16.4 Using a Miniaturized Raman Spectrometer for Fast Detection of Gemstones from an 18th Century Monstrance While Working in a Monastic Treasury Environment
241(6)
16.5 Using a Miniaturized Raman Spectrometer to Learn About Mounted Stones from a 19th Century Torah Shield: A Museum Repository Study
247(3)
16.6 Summary
250(1)
References
251(3)
Chapter 17 New Case Studies: Diamonds, Jades, Corundum and Spinel 254(17)
Lore Kiefert
Pierre Hardy
Klaus Schollenbruch
Wenxing Xu
17.1 Introduction
254(1)
17.2 Case Studies
255(13)
17.2.1 Diamonds
255(4)
17.2.2 Jades
259(3)
17.2.3 Application of Raman Spectroscopy on Corundum Inclusions
262(4)
17.2.4 Heat Treatment of Spinel
266(2)
17.3 Summary
268(1)
References
268(3)
Chapter 18 The Cultural Meanings of Color: Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Red, Pink, and Purple Dyes in Late Edo and Early Meiji Period Prints 271(18)
Anna Cesaratto
Marco Leona
Federica Pozzi
18.1 Introduction
271(2)
18.2 Experimental
273(3)
18.2.1 Materials
273(1)
18.2.2 Methods
274(2)
18.3 Results and Discussion
276(9)
18.3.1 Natural Red Dyes: From Safflower Red to Cochineal
276(3)
18.3.2 The Introduction of Eosin and Detection of Binary Mixtures with Cochineal
279(2)
18.3.3 From Natural to Synthetic Reds: Cochineal is Superseded by Acid Red Dyes
281(2)
18.3.4 The Evolution of Purple: From Safflower Red to Aniline Dyes
283(2)
18.4 Conclusion
285(1)
Acknowledgements
286(1)
References
286(3)
Chapter 19 Raman Spectroscopy Applied to the Analysis of Typomorphic Minerals in Various Provenance Investigations of Cultural Heritage Objects 289(25)
B. Lydzba-Kopczynska
19.1 Introduction
289(2)
19.2 Typomorphic Minerals
291(2)
19.3 Case Studies
293(17)
19.3.1 Experimental
293(1)
19.3.2 Ceramic. Provenance Investigation of Archaeological Ceramic from Giles (Poland)
294(4)
19.3.3 Archaeological Minerals
298(7)
19.3.4 Painting Materials
305(5)
Acknowledgements
310(1)
References
310(4)
Chapter 20 Pitfalls in Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Art and Archaeology: A Practical Survival Guide for Non-specialists 314(30)
D.L.A. de Faria
H.G.M. Edwards
20.1 Introduction
314(2)
20.2 The Pitfalls
316(24)
20.2.1 Instrumentation
316(14)
20.2.2 Samples and Sampling
330(6)
20.2.3 Data Interpretation
336(4)
20.3 Conclusions
340(1)
Acknowledgements
341(1)
References
341(3)
Subject Index 344
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