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Reason and Inquiry: The Erotetic Theory [Hardback]

(Fulford Clarendon Associate Professor in Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Science, University of Oxford)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 368 pages, height x width x depth: 241x160x23 mm, weight: 666 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Feb-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198823762
  • ISBN-13: 9780198823766
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  • Cena: 126,24 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 368 pages, height x width x depth: 241x160x23 mm, weight: 666 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Feb-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198823762
  • ISBN-13: 9780198823766
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Reason and Inquiry: The Erotetic Theory presents a unified theory of the human capacity for reasoning and decision-making. The erotetic theory accounts for a diverse range of empirically documented fallacies and framing effects. It shows how the same mental processes that yield fallacies can yield what logicians call first-order validity and probabilistic coherence in reasoning, as well as rational decision-making as conceived by economists.

The book's central idea is that our minds naturally aim at resolving issues, and if we are sufficiently inquisitive in the process, we can avoid mistakes. The erotetic theory holds that both the successes and the failures of reason are due to this aim. Rationality is secured if we reach what is described by the theory as erotetic equilibrium.

Recenzijas

An insightful treatment of reason and rationality, explaining many puzzles and integrating many viewpoints. * Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor of Psychology, Harvard Universityauthor of How the Mind Works and Rationality * Reason and Inquiry is a major contribution to the philosophy of mind, the psychology of reasoning, and cognitive science, with implications for linguistics, epistemology, and decision theory. The erotetic theory looks set to be a key player in future debates on the nature of rationality. * Timothy Williamson, Wykeham Professor of Logic, University of Oxfordauthor of Knowledge and its Limits and Suppose and Tell * It is easy for researchers in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to get excited with our technical achievements and lose track of the big questions: what is intelligence, and how does it work? This thought provoking and wide-ranging book prompts us to look again at our field: to revisit the most basic questions surrounding our endeavour, and, perhaps most importantly, to consider new directions for the future. * Michael Wooldridge, Programme Co-Director for Artificial Intelligence at The Alan Turing Institute, Professor of Computer Science, University of Oxfordauthor of The Road to Conscious Machines *

Acknowledgements vii
List of Figures
ix
1 Introduction
1(60)
1.1 Tales of a Superpower
1(9)
1.2 Failures of Reason
10(5)
1.3 Computational Theory
15(3)
1.4 Reason and Ideal Rationality
18(7)
1.5 Plato's Problem and Mental Logic
25(4)
1.6 Bayesianism and Aims of Reason
29(4)
1.7 Mental Models and Competence
33(9)
1.8 Toward Content-Based Theories of Reason
42(7)
1.9 The Erotetic Theory
49(7)
1.10 Aspects of a Content-Based Theory of Reason
56(3)
1.11 The Way Ahead
59(2)
2 Core Reasoning and Erotetic Equilibrium
61(42)
2.1 Defining Views
66(5)
2.2 Updating Questions with Answers
71(7)
2.3 Negating and Factoring
78(5)
2.4 Reasoning with Suppositions
83(3)
2.5 Inquire and Query
86(4)
2.6 Inference and Erotetic Equilibrium
90(4)
2.7 Restricted Erotetic Equilibrium
94(5)
2.8 Norms
99(4)
3 Conditionals and Information Source Selection
103(25)
3.1 Erotetic Suppositional "If ... Then"
106(3)
3.2 Supposition and Presupposition
109(3)
3.3 Disequilibrium Implication
112(2)
3.4 Selection Tasks and Information Seeking
114(5)
3.5 Order Effects
119(2)
3.6 "Only" with "If"
121(4)
3.7 Asking What Is Possible and What Follows
125(3)
4 Predicate Reasoning
128(60)
With Vincent Wang Sean Moss
Beau Mount
4.1 Views of Arbitrary Objects
135(2)
4.2 Basic Objects and Dependency Relations
137(5)
4.3 Predicate Views and Aboutness
142(5)
4.4 Axioms, Absurdity, and Analyticity
147(3)
4.5 View Interpretation of CPC
150(4)
4.6 View Algebra, Merge, and Restriction
154(8)
4.7 Universal Product and Existential Sum
162(6)
4.8 Division and Factor
168(2)
4.9 Query and Inquire
170(8)
4.10 Suppositions and Commitment
178(1)
4.11 Inference and Absolute Erotetic Equilibrium
179(3)
4.12 Generics and Restricted Erotetic Equilibrium
182(6)
5 Reasoning with Uncertainty
188(60)
With Sean Moss
5.1 Equilibrium Answer Potential and Extended Views
200(3)
5.2 Answering with EAP
203(3)
5.3 Generating Graded Uncertainty
206(9)
5.4 Conditionals and Uncertainty
215(7)
5.5 Universal Product
222(3)
5.6 Conjunction Fallacy and Memory Search
225(7)
5.7 Remaining Operations
232(2)
5.8 Bayesian Updating
234(3)
5.9 Erotetic Equilibrium and Probabilistic Coherence
237(4)
5.10 Expert Forecasting and Restricted Erotetic Equilibrium
241(7)
6 Decision and Practical Reasoning
248(54)
Sean Moss
6.1 Decision-Making as an Inquiry
259(6)
6.2 Direct Consequence Views
265(2)
6.3 Priorities
267(5)
6.4 Default Decision
272(9)
6.5 Utility Maximization under Erotetic Equilibrium
281(4)
6.6 Affordances and Action-Centered Priorities
285(7)
6.7 The Erotetic Agent with a Human Face
292(3)
6.8 The Sphinx and the Kingdom of Erotetic Agents
295(7)
Appendix A Formulas and Definitions
302(12)
A.1 Formula Sheet for
Chapter 2
302(1)
A.2 Formula Sheet for
Chapter 4
303(5)
A.3 Formula Sheet for
Chapter 5
308(6)
Appendix B Meta-theory for
Chapters 4 and 5
314(19)
B.1 A Theory of Dependency Relations
314(7)
B.2 The Predicate System Is Well Defined
321(1)
B.3 Tarskian Realization
322(2)
B.4 Soundness under Erotetic Equilibrium
324(2)
B.5 Completeness
326(5)
B.6 Conservativity of Extended Reasoning over Classical
331(2)
References 333(14)
Index 347
Philipp Koralus is Fulford Clarendon Associate Professor in Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Science at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of St. Catherine's College. He has previously held Fellowships at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Notre Dame.