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Recent Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass [Hardback]

Edited by , Edited by (Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow, India), Edited by (Senior Scientist, Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India), Edited by (SINTEF Materials)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 504 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1070 g, 50 illustrations; Illustrations, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jan-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444632891
  • ISBN-13: 9780444632890
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 169,16 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 504 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 1070 g, 50 illustrations; Illustrations, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jan-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444632891
  • ISBN-13: 9780444632890

This book provides general information and data on one of the most promising renewable energy sources: biomass for its thermochemical conversion. During the last few years, there has been increasing focus on developing the processes and technologies for the conversion of biomass to liquid and gaseous fuels and chemicals, in particular to develop low-cost technologies.

This book provides date-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative processing of biomass as well as the process development elements on thermochemical processing of biomass for the production of biofuels and bio-products on (biomass-based biorefinery). The conversion of biomass to biofuels and other value-added products on the principle biorefinery offers potential from technological perspectives as alternate energy. The book covers intensive R&D and technological developments done during the last few years in the area of renewable energy utilizing biomass as feedstock and will be highly beneficial for the researchers, scientists and engineers working in the area of biomass-biofuels- biorefinery.

  • Provides the most advanced and innovative thermochemical conversion technology for biomass
  • Provides information on large scales such as thermochemical biorefinery
  • Useful for researchers intending to study scale up
  • Serves as both a textbook for graduate students and a reference book for researchers
  • Provides information on integration of process and technology on thermochemical conversion of biomass

Papildus informācija

Current state-of-art information on the processes, product development, and perspectives for future R&D and applications
Contributors ix
Preface xi
I GENERAL
1 Advances in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass---Introduction
Thallada Bhaskar
Ashok Pandey
1.1 World Energy Demand and Supply/Preamble
3(3)
1.2 Biofuel Policies
6(1)
1.3 Biomass---an Opportunity
7(6)
1.4 Biomass Conversion Methods
13(1)
1.5 Advantages of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass
13(10)
1.6 Concept of Biorefinery
23(2)
1.7 Scientometric Analysis
25(4)
1.8 Conclusion and Perspectives
29(2)
References
29(2)
2 Feedstock Suitability for Thermochemical Processes
Rupam Kataki
Rahul S. Chutia
Mridusmita Mishra
Neonjyoti Bordoloi
Ruprekha Saikia
Thallada Bhaskar
2.1 Introduction
31(1)
2.2 Processes for the Conversion of Biomass into Various Products in a Biorefinery
32(1)
2.3 Thermochemical Conversion
33(20)
2.4 Nonprocess Parameters Affecting the Conversion Process
53(13)
2.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
66(9)
References
67(8)
3 Analytical Techniques as a Tool to Understand the Reaction Mechanism
Emma Jakab
3.1 Introduction
75(1)
3.2 Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass Samples
76(1)
3.3 Thermal Analysis
76(10)
3.4 Analytical Pyrolysis
86(9)
3.5 Reaction Mechanisms of the Thermal Decomposition
95(5)
3.6 Effect of Inorganic Materials on the Decomposition Mechanism
100(2)
3.7 Effect of Torrefaction on the Composition and Decomposition Mechanisms
102(7)
Acknowledgments
103(1)
References
104(5)
4 Catalysts for Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass
Bhavya Balagurumurthy
Rawel Singh
Thallada Bhaskar
4.1 Introduction
109(1)
4.2 Biomass and Biofuels
110(1)
4.3 Properties of Catalysts
111(1)
4.4 Types of Catalysts
112(2)
4.5 Catalysts for the Conversion of Biomass
114(12)
4.6 Catalysts for Hydropyrolysis of Biomass
126(1)
4.7 Catalysts for Biochar Gasification
127(1)
4.8 Conclusion and Perspectives
127(6)
Acknowledgments
128(1)
References
128(5)
5 Artificial Neural Networks for Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass
Maria Puig-Arnavat
Joan Carles Bruno
5.1 Introduction
133(2)
5.2 Modeling Using Artificial Neural Networks
135(5)
5.3 Development of Artificial Neural Network Models
140(12)
5.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
152(5)
References
155(2)
6 Thermochemical Biorefinery
Bhavya Balagurumurthy
Rawel Singh
Priyanka Ohri
Aditya Prakash
Thallada Bhaskar
6.1 Introduction
157(1)
6.2 Biomass as a Sustainable Resource
158(1)
6.3 Feedstocks for Thermochemical Biorefinery
159(1)
6.4 Composition of Biomass
160(1)
6.5 Biomass Conversion Methods
161(1)
6.6 Existing Biorefinery Concepts
162(6)
6.7 Products from Thermochemical Biorefinery
168(3)
6.8 Conclusions and Perspectives
171(6)
Acknowledgments
172(1)
References
172(5)
II PRIMARY PROCESSES
7 Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Recent Advances in Fast Pyrolysis Technology
Vamshi Krishna Guda
Philip H. Steele
Venkata K. Penmetsa
Qi Li
7.1 Introduction
177(1)
7.2 Chemistry of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass
178(3)
7.3 Pyrolysis Reactors
181(6)
7.4 Recent Advances in Fast Pyrolysis Technology
187(20)
7.5 Future Research and Development Challenges
207(6)
References
207(6)
8 Biomass Gasification to Produce Syngas
Yohan Richardson
Martin Drobek
Anne Julbe
Joel Blin
Francois Pinta
8.1 Introduction
213(1)
8.2 Biomass Gasifiers for Syngas Production
214(9)
8.3 Secondary Syngas Cleaning and Conditioning
223(9)
8.4 Recent Trends Toward Process Intensification
232(12)
8.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
244(7)
References
245(6)
9 Hydrothermal Gasification of Biomass
Yukihiko Matsumura
9.1 Hydrothermal Treatment Technologies
251(3)
9.2 History
254(1)
9.3 Reactions
255(4)
9.4 Feedstocks
259(2)
9.5 Catalysts
261(1)
9.6 Process Design
262(1)
9.7 Research and Development Topics
262(1)
9.8 Conclusions and Perspectives
263(6)
References
264(5)
10 Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass
Rawel Singh
Aditya Prakash
Bhavya Balagurumurthy
Thallada Bhaskar
10.1 Introduction
269(1)
10.2 First-Generation Biofuels
270(1)
10.3 Second-generation biofuels
270(2)
10.4 Third-generation biofuels
272(1)
10.5 Biomass Conversion Routes
272(2)
10.6 Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Advantages Over Pyrolysis
274(1)
10.7 Direct Liquefaction Processes
275(1)
10.8 Hydrothermal Upgradation
276(1)
10.9 Properties of Subcritical and Supercritical Water
277(1)
10.10 Reactors
278(1)
10.11 HTU Chemistry: Conceivable Reaction Pathways and Decomposition Mechanism in Hydrothermal Liquefaction
279(2)
10.12 Parameters (Physical and Chemical) Influencing Product Distribution During HTU of Biomass
281(4)
10.13 Conclusions and Perspectives
285(8)
Acknowledgments
286(1)
References
286(7)
11 Carbonization of Biomass
Frederik Ronsse
Robert W. Nachenius
Wolter Prins
11.1 Introduction
293(1)
11.2 Biomass Carbonization Process Conditions
294(1)
11.3 Carbonization Products and Their Physicochemical Properties
295(7)
11.4 Chemistry of the Carbonization Process
302(2)
11.5 Relevant Feed Properties in Biomass Carbonization
304(3)
11.6 Relevant Process Variables in Biomass Carbonization
307(6)
11.7 Carbonization Pyrolysis Systems and Reactors
313(7)
11.8 Conclusions and Perspectives
320(5)
References
321(4)
12 Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass
Maria-Magdalena Titirici
Axel Funke
Andrea Kruse
12.1 Introduction
325(3)
12.2 HTC Chemistry
328(3)
12.3 HTC Chemical Structure
331(3)
12.4 Parameters Affecting the HTC Process
334(3)
12.5 Nanostructuring and Functionalization
337(4)
12.6 Applications of Hydrothermal Carbons
341(5)
12.7 Conclusions
346(9)
References
347(8)
III SECONDARY PROCESSES
13 Coprocessing of Bio-oil in Fluid Catalytic Cracking
Melisa Bertero
Ulises Sedran
13.1 General View About Coprocessing Bio-oils in Refineries
355(2)
13.2 Bio-oil Production and Characterization
357(4)
13.3 Upgrading of Bio-oils Prior to Coprocessing
361(3)
13.4 Coprocessing Bio-oils and FCC Feedstocks
364(13)
13.5 Conclusions
377(6)
References
378(5)
14 Biomass Gasification Integrated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Perspectives, Opportunities and Challenges
Hanif A. Choudhury
Sankar Chakma
Vijayanand S. Moholkar
14.1 Introduction
383(11)
14.2 Facets of FT Synthesis: Chemistry and Engineering
394(11)
14.3 Reactors for FT Synthesis
405(4)
14.4 Biomass Power in India
409(2)
14.5 Biomass Utilization: Technical Options
411(1)
14.6 Technology for Biomass Gasification
412(12)
14.7 Coupling of Biomass Gasification and FT Synthesis for BGIFT (or BTL) Process
424(7)
14.8 Conclusion
431(6)
Acknowledgments
431(1)
References
431(6)
15 Utilization of Supercritical Fluid for Catalytic Thermochemical Conversions of Woody-Biomass Related Compounds
Masayuki Shirai
Mitsumasa Osada
Aritomo Yamaguchi
Norihito Hiyoshi
Osamu Sato
15.1 Introduction
437(2)
15.2 Gasification of Lignin and Woody Biomass with Supported Ruthenium Catalysts in Supercritical Water
439(8)
15.3 Hydrogenation with Supported Metal Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
447(5)
15.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
452(3)
References
452(3)
16 Thermochemical Valorization of Lignin
Aditya Prakash
Rawel Singh
Bhavya Balagurumurthy
Thallada Bhaskar
Ajay K. Arora
S.K. Puri
16.1 Introduction
455(1)
16.2 Composition of Lignin
456(2)
16.3 Separation of Lignin from Biomass
458(1)
16.4 Thermochemical Conversion of Lignin
458(15)
16.5 Lignin to High-Value Products
473(1)
16.6 Conclusions and Perspectives
473(6)
Acknowledgments
474(1)
References
474(5)
Index 479
Prof. Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. His major research and technological development interests are industrial and environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels and chemicals, waste to wealth and energy, etc.

Dr Thallada Bhaskar, Senior Scientist, is currently heading the Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India. He received Ph D for his work at CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) from Osmania University, Hyderabad in the year 1999. He carried out Postdoctoral Research at Okayama University, Okayama, Japan after which he joined as Research Assistant Professor and taught catalysis, chemical kinetics and thermodynamics for ~7 years. He has about 90 publications in journals of international repute, contributed 10 book chapters to renowned publishers (ACS, Elsevier, Woodhead Publishing, CRC Press etc) and 11 patents to his in his field of expertise in addition to 250 national and international symposia presentations.

His 20 years of research experience cover various fields of science revolving around his expertise in heterogeneous catalysis thermo-chemical conversion of biomass, waste plastics and e-waste plastics into value added hydrocarbons. He has prepared several catalysts and thrown a light on the structure activity relationships of novel catalytic materials for hydrotreatment of fossil based crudes. His contributions to the field of sustainable hydrocarbons are in the form of process knowhow and catalyst developments. His patents and publications discuss crucial points encompassing wide areas of thermo-catalytic conversion like pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction for biomass (agricultural, forest residues and aquatic biomass) and plastic waste (industrial and e-waste) conversion. In addition he worked on developing micro-channel reactors for several chemical reactions and separation processes. His other interests include utilization of non-conventional energies for the sustainable production of hydrocarbons utilizing the polymeric wastes available which will make the thermo-chemical methods of conversion more energy efficient.

In view of his expertise, he is on the editorial board of 2 international peer reviewed journals and expert member of several committees. He received the Distinguished Researcher award from AIST (2013), Japan and Most Progressive Researcher award from FSRJ, Japan (2008). He is also the Fellow of Biotech Research Society of India and member of the Governing Council. He received the Raman Research Fellowship for the year 2013-14. He was also a JSPS Visiting Scientist to Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan during 2009. He has carried out several research projects with great success with national and international collaborators. He has organized several international symposia in India and abroad in this area and visited several countries to deliver invited/ plenary lectures. Michael Stöcker received his Diploma in Chemistry in 1975 and his Dr. rer. nat. degree in 1979 - both from the University of Münster (Germany). He kept positions as Research Assistant at the Universities of Münster (Germany, 1975-1979) and Bergen (Norway, 1980-1982) before he joined the Center for Industrial Research (SI - now SINTEF) in 1982. In 1988-1989 he had a sabbatical leave at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver (Canada). He is the Emeritus Editor-in-Chief of the scientific journal Microporous and Mesoporous Materials”, published by Elsevier B.V.

Furthermore, Michael Stöcker kept side positions as Adjunct Professor at the University of Bergen (Norway, 1999-2004) and the Norwegian University for Science and Technology in Trondheim (Norway, 2004-2007).

Michael Stöcker has 30 years experience within the fields of synthesis, characterization and catalytic testing of different type of materials, covering mainly zeolites, micro- and mesoporous materials and oxide materials related to catalysis, sorption technology, surface modification and design of novel processes. Special interests are within spectrocopy (Solid-state NMR, ESR, XPS), micro- and mesoporous materials, zeolites, catalytic cracking, desulphurization, MTO as well as bio-refinery related catalysis.

He is the author or co-author of about 155 scientific journal publications (including 10 review papers and 10 Handbook chapters), and is co-inventor of two patents. Michael Stöcker has co-edited two scientific books. He has presented about 130 lectures on a national and international basis, about 65 of them based on invitations. He has been project manager of a number of larger industrial contract research projects, Norwegian Research Council and EU projects.

He served on the Board (Council) of the International Zeolites Association (IZA 1998-2004), as Chairman of the IZA Catalysis Commission (1998-2004 member since 1994) and as a member of the IZA Synthesis Commission (1992-2004). He is a Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology”.

He received the DGMK 2009 Award of the German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and Technology.

Dr Rajeev Sukumaran is senior scientist at the CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, in Trivandrum, India. He took his Masters and PhD in Biotechnology from Cochin University of Science and Technology (1993-2000). He had post doctoral trainings in molecular immunology and stem cell biology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York and at the National University Hospital, Singapore respectively, and had worked in an industry on recombinant human insulin production. He joined CSIR-NIIST in November 2004 and since then has been working on enzymes for biomass to biofuel conversion and bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. Currently he is the activity leader for the Biofuels program of the Centre for Biofuels at NIIST, and had been the program coordinator for NIISTs major laboratory program on biofuels. He played a leading role in setting up the Centre for Biofuels lignocellulosic ethanol pilot plant at NIIST. Currently his main research interests include-Developing enzymes for biomass conversion to sugars and ethanol, Glucose tolerant ß-glucosidases from fungi, and developing molecular methods for heterologous gene expression in fungi. He has authored reports for national policy making bodies and for international agencies, on biofuels including the International Energy Agency. He is the academic editor of British Biotechnology Journal” and is a member of the editorial board of Conference Papers in Energy”. He has authored 56 publications in International Journals and 5 book chapters. He has also served as member of different task forces including Biotech Task Force for the State Council of Science, Technology and Environment, of Kerala state, India and is a member of the panel of reviewers ( for R & D projects) for the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India.