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E-grāmata: Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals

  • Formāts: 136 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Mar-2008
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309108188
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  • Formāts: 136 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Mar-2008
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309108188

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Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. This new book from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) at the National Research Council, Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, focuses on the stress and distress which is experienced by animals when used in laboratory research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers, and investigators; animal care staff, as well as animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with stress and distress in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals focuses specifically on the scientific understanding of the causes and the functions of stress and distress, the transformation of stress to distress, and the identification of principles for the recognition and alleviation of distress. This book discusses the role of humane endpoints in situations of distress and principles for the minimization of distress in laboratory animals. It also identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare in order to adhere to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Stress and Distress: Definitions 3 Recognition and Assessment of Stress and Distress 4 Avoiding, Minimizing, and Alleviating Distress 5 Topics for Further Investigation and Recommendations Appendix: Tools to Monitor and Assess Health Status and Well-Being in Stress and Distress About the Authors Index
Summary 1
Scope of the Study,
1
Stress versus Distress,
2
Recognition and Assessment of Stress and Distress,
3
Avoiding, Minimizing, and Alleviating Distress,
5
Future Studies and Recommendations,
6
References,
8
1 Introduction 9
Regulations Governing Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals,
9
Organization of the Report,
11
References,
12
2 Stress and Distress: Definitions 13
Introduction,
13
What Is Stress?,
14
What Is Distress?,
15
Implications for Animal Welfare,
17
Implications for Research,
21
Conclusions,
22
References,
22
3 Recognition and Assessment of Stress and Distress 25
Introduction,
25
Behavioral Recognition of Stress and Distress,
26
Physiologic Measures of Stress and Distress,
36
Assessment of Distress,
42
References,
44
Additional References,
52
4 Avoiding, Minimizing, and Alleviating Distress 63
Introduction,
63
Avoiding or Minimizing Distress in Laboratory Animal Care,
64
Avoiding or Minimizing Distress in Laboratory Animal Use,
70
Alleviating Distress in Laboratory Animals,
75
Studying Distress,
79
References,
80
5 Topics for Further Investigation and Recommendations 87
Research Directions,
87
Recommendations,
90
References,
92
Appendix 95
Tools to Monitor and Assess Health Status and Well-Being in Stress and Distress,
95
About the Authors 113
Index 117
Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, National Research Council