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Red Colobus Monkeys: Variation in Demography, Behavior, and Ecology of Endangered Species [Hardback]

(Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, USA)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 376 pages, height x width x depth: 254x196x24 mm, weight: 1042 g, 60 black and white illustrations and a 16 page colour plate section
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198529589
  • ISBN-13: 9780198529583
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 376 pages, height x width x depth: 254x196x24 mm, weight: 1042 g, 60 black and white illustrations and a 16 page colour plate section
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198529589
  • ISBN-13: 9780198529583
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda, and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.

This unique research level text is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers in primatology, behavioral ecology, anthropology, and conservation biology.

Based on field studies spanning nearly 40 years, this reference book summarizes and integrates past research with new and previously unpublished information on the behavioral ecology of Africa's red colobus monkeys from study sites as diverse as Senegal, Uganda and Zanzibar. It provides an unparalleled compilation of information on taxonomy, genetics, vocalizations, demography, social organization, dispersal, social behavior, reproduction, mortality factors, diet, ranging patterns, interspecific relations, and conservation. Social relationships in red colobus are less rigidly structured than in other African monkeys, resulting in considerable variation in social organization and group composition, both within and between taxa. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the extent to which social variables correlate with differences in habitat quality, demography, and predation by chimpanzees and humans. Unfortunately, at least half of the 18 taxa of red colobus are now threatened with extinction. Conservation problems are described, causal factors identified, and solutions proposed. This volume is intended not only to serve as a reference book, but to stimulate and guide future long-term research and to encourage effective conservation action.
List of Figures
xv
List of Tables
xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
1 General biology of red colobus
1(17)
1.1 General description
1(2)
1.2 Paleontology
3(1)
1.3 Intrataxon variation in color
3(8)
1.3.1 Summary comments and speculation on coat color
11(1)
1.4 Facial color: pink noses and mouths
11(2)
1.5 Taxonomy
13(4)
1.6 Summary points
17(1)
2 Vocalizations
18(27)
2.1 Introduction
18(1)
2.2 Methods and localities
18(1)
2.3 Common vocalizations
19(15)
2.4 Vocalizations unique to specific taxa
34(1)
2.5 Intertaxa and geographical comparisons: implications for evolution and phylogeny
35(5)
2.6 Long and loud call bouts: contrasts in form and function
40(1)
2.7 Alarm calls and semanticity
41(2)
2.7.1 Avian predators
41(1)
2.7.2 Poisonous snakes
41(2)
2.8 Semanticity of copulation and estrous calls
43(1)
2.9 Summary points
43(2)
3 Demography: social group size and composition and population density
45(46)
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Methodological caveats
45(3)
3.3 Variation in group size and composition
48(1)
3.4 Differences between taxa in group size
48(2)
3.5 Differences between populations of the same taxon in group size
50(2)
3.6 Differences within populations in group size over space and time
52(4)
3.7 Summary of probable determinants of group size
56(1)
3.8 Solitary red colobus
56(1)
3.9 Differences between taxa in adult sex ratios
57(2)
3.10 Differences between populations of the same taxon in adult sex ratio
59(1)
3.11 Differences within populations in adult sex ratios over space and time
60(3)
3.12 Differences between taxa in ratios of immatures to adult females
63(8)
3.12.1 SAJ per adult female ratios
64(4)
3.12.2 Infants per adult female
68(1)
3.12.3 Demographic correlates of infant per adult female ratios
69(2)
3.13 Population density
71(2)
3.13.1 Methodological issues
71(2)
3.14 Population density estimates based on studies of focal groups: an example from Kibale
73(3)
3.15 Differences in population densities between taxa
76(1)
3.16 Differences in population density within taxa between and within populations
76(7)
3.17 Differences within taxa over time
83(5)
3.18 Summary points
88(3)
4 Social organization: intergroup relations, tenure, longevity, and dispersal
91(28)
4.1 Introduction
91(1)
4.2 Intergroup relations
91(14)
4.2.1 CW group of tephrosceles, Kanyawara, Kibale
91(9)
4.2.2 RUL group of tephrosceles, Ngogo, Kibale
100(2)
4.2.3 Intergroup relations of other populations and taxa
102(2)
4.2.4 Summary of intergroup relations
104(1)
4.3 Longevity and tenure length within social groups
105(3)
4.3.1 CW group, Kanyawara, Kibale
105(1)
4.3.2 RUL group, Ngogo, Kibale
106(1)
4.3.3 HTL Group, Ngogo, Kibale
107(1)
4.4 Immigration and tenure length
108(7)
4.4.1 Female immigrants
108(4)
4.4.2 Male immigrants
112(1)
4.4.3 Natal females
113(1)
4.4.4 Natal males
114(1)
4.5 General remarks on longevity, tenure, and dispersal in Kibale
115(1)
4.6 Comparison with other red colobus taxa
115(2)
4.7 Summary of longevity, tenure, and dispersal
117(2)
5 Social behavior and reproduction
119(75)
5.1 Introduction
119(1)
5.2 Grooming
119(16)
5.2.1 CW group of tephrosceles, Kanyawara, Kibale
119(8)
5.2.2 RUL group of tephrosceles, Ngogo, Kibale
127(6)
5.2.3 Summary comparison of grooming in CW and RUL groups
133(1)
5.2.4 Grooming in other taxa of red colobus
134(1)
5.3 Sexual behavior and reproduction
135(19)
5.3.1 General background information
135(3)
5.3.2 Male copulatory/reproductive success
138(4)
5.3.3 Female reproductive success and interbirth intervals (IBI)
142(2)
5.3.4 Timing of births
144(1)
5.3.5 Female perineal swellings
145(8)
5.3.6 Summary of sexual behavior and reproduction
153(1)
5.4 Aggression
154(27)
5.4.1 General background information
154(1)
5.4.2 Supplantations: CW group tephrosceles, Kanyawara, Kibale
155(3)
5.4.3 Supplantations: RUL group of tephrosceles, Ngogo, Kibale
158(1)
5.4.4 Intense aggression: CW group of tephrosceles, Kanyawara, Kibale
159(7)
5.4.5 Intense aggression: RUL group of tephrosceles, Ngogo, Kibale
166(3)
5.4.6 General comment on the relation between dominance and aggression among tephrosceles
169(1)
5.4.7 Harassment of adults by immatures in nonsexual contexts among tephrosceles, Kibale, Uganda
169(2)
5.4.8 Present type I: an appeasement gesture
171(1)
5.4.9 Present type II: a dominance gesture
172(1)
5.4.10 Harassment during copulation
173(2)
5.4.11 Aggression in other taxa of red colobus
175(4)
5.4.12 Summary of aggression
179(2)
5.5 Interindividual distance
181(1)
5.6 Social relations of infants and small to medium juveniles
182(8)
5.6.1 Neonates
182(2)
5.6.2 Older infants and small juveniles
184(2)
5.6.3 Twins
186(1)
5.6.4 Differential investment by mothers in sons vs. daughters
187(2)
5.6.5 Summary of social relations of infants and small to medium juveniles
189(1)
5.7 Greeting behavior in tephrosceles
190(4)
5.7.1 Summary of greeting behavior
193(1)
6 Ecology
194(59)
6.1 Introduction
194(1)
6.2 Diet
194(22)
6.2.1 Methods used in Kibale
195(1)
6.2.2 Diets of the CW and RUL groups of tephrosceles, Kibale, Uganda
195(12)
6.2.3 Comparison with other studies of tephrosceles in Kibale, Uganda
207(1)
6.2.4 Intertaxa comparison of plant part diet
208(1)
6.2.5 Phytochemical basis of diet
209(5)
6.2.6 Miscellaneous information on dietary habits
214(1)
6.2.7 Summary points on diet
215(1)
6.3 Activity budgets
216(5)
6.3.1 Methods
216(1)
6.3.2 Comparison of the RUL and CW group activity budgets
217(2)
6.3.3 Comparison of activity budgets between studies and taxa
219(2)
6.3.4 Summary of activity budgets
221(1)
6.4 Ranging behavior
221(13)
6.4.1 Home range
221(4)
6.4.2 Daily Travel Distance
225(9)
6.5 Mortality
234(8)
6.5.1 Diseases in Kibale red colobus
234(3)
6.5.2 Fatal falls
237(1)
6.5.3 Predation
237(5)
6.6 Non-predator interspecific relations of red colobus
242(11)
6.6.1 Defense against predation
242(2)
6.6.2 Food competition
244(1)
6.6.3 Social
245(8)
7 Conservation
253(24)
7.1 Introduction
253(1)
7.2 Conservation status of the 18 red colobus taxa
253(6)
7.2.1 Temminckii
254(1)
7.2.2 Badius
254(1)
7.2.3 Waldroni
254(1)
7.2.4 Epieni
255(1)
7.2.5 Pennantii
255(1)
7.2.6 Preussi
255(1)
7.2.7 Oustaleti
255(1)
7.2.8 Tholloni
256(1)
7.2.9 Tephrosceles
256(1)
7.2.10 Rufomitratus
257(1)
7.2.11 Gordonorum
258(1)
7.2.12 Kirkii
259(1)
7.3 Case studies of threats
259(7)
7.3.1 Hunting: the case of Miss Waldron's red colobus (waldroni)
259(1)
7.3.2 Agricultural expansion: the case of the Udzungwa red colobus (gordonorum)
260(3)
7.3.3 Tourism and deforestation: the case of the Zanzibar red colobus (kirkii)
263(1)
7.3.4 Selective logging: the case of the Ugandan red colobus (tephrosceles) in Kibale
264(1)
7.3.5 Interagency conflicts of interest: the case of the Udzungwa red colobus (gordonorum)
265(1)
7.4 Extrinsic versus intrinsic threats
266(1)
7.5 Problems in protected areas
266(1)
7.6 Proximate variables affecting conservation and possible solutions
267(2)
7.7 Ultimate variables affecting conservation and possible solutions
269(5)
7.7.1 Human population growth
269(2)
7.7.2 Overconsumption of resources
271(2)
7.7.3 Changing values and behavior
273(1)
7.7.4 Funding for conservation
274(1)
7.8 Conclusions
274(1)
7.9 Summary
275(2)
Appendix 1 Annotated list and measurements of red colobus taxa
277(55)
Appendix 3.1 Age and size classes of red colobus
285(3)
Appendix 3.2 Red colobus group composition
288(9)
Appendix 3.3 Statistical comparison of adult sex ratios between and within taxa
297(1)
Appendix 3.4 Statistical comparison of subadult and juvenile to adult female ratios between and within taxa
298(1)
Appendix 3.5 Statistical comparison of infant to adult female ratios between and within taxa
299(1)
Appendix 4.1 Log of individuals in CW group tephrosceles
300(6)
Appendix 4.2 Log of individuals in RUL group tephrosceles
306(3)
Appendix 4.3 Log of individuals in HTL group tephrosceles
309(2)
Appendix 5.1 Grooming of adult males in RUL group tephrosceles
311(2)
Appendix 5.2 Aggression by adult males in CW group tephrosceles
313(1)
Appendix 6.1 Total diet CW group tephrosceles
314(6)
Appendix 6.2 Total diet RUL group tephrosceles
320(4)
Appendix 6.3 Notes on disease in tephrosceles of Kibale
324(8)
References 332(11)
Index 343
Thomas T. Struhsaker began his research in Africa in 1962 with a study of the behavioural ecology of vervet monkeys. Since then he has conducted biological field studies in 13 African nations and numerous countries in Latin America and Asia. From 1970 until 1988 he established, developed, and managed the field research station in Kibale, Uganda. His lobbying efforts in collaboration with many others eventually resulted in the creation of the Kibale National Park. Working in collaboration with numerous colleagues, he helped establish research and conservation programs of red Colobus, other primates, and forest ecology at 3 other important sites in East Africa: Tana River, Kenya; Jozani, Zanzibar; and the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. His publications include two books: The Red Colobus Monkey (1975) and Ecology of an African Rain Forest (1997), and numerous scientific and popular articles and technical reports on ecology, conservation, and animal behaviour.