Introduction |
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1 | (5) |
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1 Monitoring the Earth environment: requirements, historical review and key principles |
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6 | (30) |
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1.1 Requirements for Earth observation in the 21st century |
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6 | (3) |
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1.2 A brief historical review of Earth observation |
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9 | (3) |
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1.3 Classification of remote sensing systems |
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12 | (1) |
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1.4 Electromagnetic radiation |
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12 | (5) |
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1.5 Remote sensing application sensing bands |
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17 | (3) |
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1.6 Some common remote sensing terms and units |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.8 Attenuation and radiation propagation |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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1.10 Spectral radiant flux, reflectance, absorbance and transmittance |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (3) |
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1.12 Hemispherical reflectance |
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29 | (1) |
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1.13 A remote sensing system |
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30 | (1) |
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1.14 The remote sensing process |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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2 Visible, near infrared and ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation interactions at the Earth's surface |
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36 | (28) |
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2.1 The interaction of visible, NIR and ultraviolet with Earth's surface |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (3) |
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2.3 The interaction of visible light and NIR with water (the hydrosphere) |
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41 | (1) |
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2.4 Underwater light attenuation |
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42 | (5) |
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2.5 The interaction of ultraviolet with water (the hydrosphere) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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2.7 Time dependent characteristics |
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51 | (2) |
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2.8 Canopy geometry changes |
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53 | (1) |
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2.9 The interaction of UV with vegetation |
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53 | (1) |
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2.10 Vegetation, and normalised difference Vegetation Index |
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53 | (2) |
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2.11 The interaction of visible and NIR with soil |
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55 | (3) |
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2.12 The interaction of visible, NIR and ultraviolet radiation with rock and minerals |
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58 | (1) |
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2.13 The interaction of ultraviolet with rocks and minerals |
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58 | (1) |
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2.14 The interaction of visible and NIR radiation with snow and ice (the cryosphere) |
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58 | (1) |
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2.15 The interaction of ultraviolet with snow and ice (the cryosphere) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (26) |
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64 | (1) |
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3.1 Thermal radiation and its interactions with the Earth's surface |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (5) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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3.8 Interaction of thermal infrared wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation with water (the hydrosphere) |
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72 | (1) |
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3.9 Interaction of thermal infrared wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation with vegetation and chlorophyll |
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73 | (1) |
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3.10 Interaction of thermal infrared wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation with snow and ice |
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74 | (1) |
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3.11 Interaction of thermal infrared wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation with soil |
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75 | (1) |
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3.12 Interaction of thermal infrared wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation with rocks and minerals |
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76 | (1) |
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3.13 Satellite thermal IR systems |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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3.16 Far infrared thermal imaging sensors |
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82 | (1) |
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3.17 Detectors for thermal infrared radiation |
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83 | (2) |
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3.18 Advanced cooled FPAs |
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85 | (1) |
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3.19 Emerging Uncooled FPA (UFPA) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (26) |
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4.1 Problems with visible imagery |
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90 | (1) |
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4.2 Passive microwave sensors |
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90 | (1) |
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4.3 Active microwave sensors |
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91 | (1) |
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4.4 The echo ranging principle |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (4) |
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100 | (9) |
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4.10 Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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4.12 Interaction of microwaves with different surfaces |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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5 Atmospheric interactions with electromagnetic radiation |
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116 | (15) |
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5.1 Radiation from the sun and the solar radiation spectrum |
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116 | (1) |
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5.2 The atmospheric absorption spectrum |
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117 | (1) |
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5.3 Atmospheric transmission |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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5.5 Atmospheric composition |
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120 | (3) |
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5.6 Atmospheric and ionospheric turbulence |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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5.8 Radiation propagation |
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123 | (2) |
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5.9 Absorbance and transmittance |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (3) |
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5.11 The remote sensing inverse problem |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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6 Hydrosphere and cryosphere applications |
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131 | (22) |
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6.1 Water resource applications: the hydrosphere and the cryosphere |
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131 | (1) |
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6.2 Water pollution detection |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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6.5 Water security issues |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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6.10 Surveillance maritime applications |
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140 | (7) |
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147 | (2) |
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6.12 Sea and ice radar interferometry |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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7 Land resource applications |
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153 | (22) |
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7.1 Land resource applications |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (4) |
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7.5 Soil mapping and evaluation |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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7.7 Land use/cover mapping classification |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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7.11 Land glaciers visible |
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166 | (1) |
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7.12 Urban and regional planning applications |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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8 Atmospheric applications |
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175 | (19) |
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8.1 Atmospheric remote sensing applications |
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175 | (3) |
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8.2 Measurement geometries |
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178 | (1) |
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8.3 Atmospheric layer sensing |
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179 | (11) |
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8.4 Satellite validation principles |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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9 Satellite platforms for remote sensing |
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194 | (21) |
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9.1 An early history of non-terrestrial platforms |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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9.4 Satellite physics basics |
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197 | (4) |
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201 | (1) |
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9.6 Comparison of polar orbiting and geostationary satellites |
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202 | (1) |
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9.7 Weather sensing satellites |
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203 | (1) |
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9.8 Earth observation satellites |
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204 | (4) |
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9.9 High-resolution satellite missions |
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208 | (1) |
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9.10 Small satellite missions and nanosats |
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208 | (1) |
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9.11 Other notable Earth observation satellites |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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10 Introduction to satellite image processing and other imagery sources |
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215 | (21) |
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10.1 Introduction to image processing |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (6) |
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10.4 Image transformations |
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223 | (4) |
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10.5 Image Interpretation |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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10.7 Image classification and analysis |
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229 | (1) |
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10.8 Other imagery sources |
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230 | (1) |
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10.9 Web-based satellite image sources |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
Appendix 1 Numerical solutions |
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236 | (6) |
Glossary |
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242 | (5) |
Index |
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247 | |