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E-grāmata: Referent control of action and perception: Challenging conventional theories in behavioral neuroscience

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Jun-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781493927364
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Referent control of action and perception: Challenging conventional theories in behavioral neurosciencePalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Jun-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781493927364
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Empirical data on neural control of motor action and perception have not yet been put into the context of a coherent theory. Dr. Feldman's goal for the proposed book is to illustrate that the field is now at a stage where the data can be used to formulate some core principles that underlie action and perception and to present the foundation of a scientific theory of motor control. Dr. Feldman is a well-known expert and has been active in the field for a long time. In the proposed book he will outline an approach to the analysis of action and perception that he and his colleagues have been using for the past 50 years or so. His theoretical approach will not only help to explain past empirical research, but should also help to inform and provide a structure for future empirical studies.
Preamble: The Meaning of the Term Referent Control xiii
1 Running Away from KGB Informers to Neuroscience
1(12)
1.1 Switching from Physics to Neuroscience
1(3)
1.2 Moscow Biological School
4(9)
2 Action and Perception in the Context of Physical Laws
13(20)
2.1 The Purpose of Scientific Inquiry About Action and Perception
14(1)
2.2 Harmonizing Motor Actions with Physical Laws
15(7)
2.2.1 Law-Constrained Variables and Parameters of Physical Laws
16(2)
2.2.2 Harmonizing Control of Actions with Physical Laws
18(4)
2.3 Parametric Control of Posture and Movement
22(5)
2.4 Remarkable Features of Parametric Control
27(2)
2.5 Questioning the Validity of the Efference Copy Concept for Motor Control
29(1)
2.6 A Historically Perpetuated Error in Thinking About How Motor Actions Are Controlled
30(2)
2.7 Perception in the Context of Physical Laws
32(1)
3 Referent Control as a Specific Form of Parametric Control of Actions: Empirical Demonstrations
33(50)
3.1 Earlier Demonstrations of Referent Control in Humans
34(6)
3.2 Referent Control of Actions in Animals
40(7)
3.2.1 Control of Spatial Thresholds of Reflexes: Matthews' (1959) Experiments
40(4)
3.2.2 Descending Brain Systems Control Spatial Thresholds for Muscle Activation
44(2)
3.2.3 Neither Central, nor Afferent Influences Per Se Pre-determine Motor Commands to Muscles
46(1)
3.2.4 Is Referent Control Compatible with Results of Deafferentation?
46(1)
3.3 Referent Control Underlies Both Slow and Fast Movements
47(4)
3.3.1 Threshold Position Resetting: A Fundamental Control Principle Underlying Both Slow and Fast Movements
48(1)
3.3.2 Changes in the Referent Arm Configuration Underlie Arm Reaching Movement
49(2)
3.4 Shifts in the Referent Position of Body Segments Result in Motor Action
51(4)
3.5 Referent Control of Actions by the Corticospinal System in Humans
55(9)
3.5.1 Intentional Changes in the Wrist Joint Angle
55(5)
3.5.2 Corticospinal Influences During the Unloading Reflex
60(4)
3.6 The Motoneuronal Pool in the Context of Referent Control
64(4)
3.6.1 Spatial Recruitment of Motoneurons
64(1)
3.6.2 The Range of Threshold Position Control
65(1)
3.6.3 Muscle Activation in Dynamics
66(2)
3.7 Neurological Motor Disorders Resulting from Deficits of Referent Control
68(3)
3.8 Referent Control of Agonist and Antagonist Muscles
71(4)
3.9 Other Dynamic Aspects of Referent Control
75(5)
3.9.1 What Comes First: Muscle Activation or Shifts in the Equilibrium Point?
75(1)
3.9.2 Gradual Shift in the Equilibrium State: Importance for Regulation of Movement Extent, Speed, Duration and Rapid Action Sequences
75(4)
3.9.3 Threshold Control as an Optimal Control of Actions
79(1)
3.10 Major Departures from Conventional Views on Motor Control
80(3)
3.10.1 Descending Systems Influence but Do Not Pre-determine Motor Commands or Kinematics
80(1)
3.10.2 The First Clue to How the Nervous System Solves Redundancy Problems
81(2)
4 Physiological Origin and Feed-Forward Nature of Referent Control
83(14)
4.1 Physiological Origin of Referent (Threshold Position) Control
84(4)
4.2 Taking Advantage of the Feed-Forward Nature of Referent Control During Motor Learning
88(9)
4.2.1 Feed-Forward Setting of Thresholds in Anticipation of Perturbation (TMS Studies)
88(5)
4.2.2 Further Implications of the Feed-Forward Nature of Referent Control
93(4)
5 Different Forms of Referent Control
97(32)
5.1 The Physiological Origin of Different Forms of Referent Control
98(11)
5.1.1 The Basic Neurophysiological Rule
98(1)
5.1.2 The Referent Body Configuration
98(3)
5.1.3 Referent Coactivation Command
101(1)
5.1.4 The Referent Body Location in the Environment
102(2)
5.1.5 The Referent Body Orientation Relative to Gravity Direction
104(3)
5.1.6 Other Forms of Referent Control
107(2)
5.2 Referent Control of Motionless Actions
109(2)
5.2.1 Grip Force Production
109(1)
5.2.2 Pushing Against a Wall
110(1)
5.3 Referent Control of Movement
111(3)
5.3.1 Vertical Jumps
111(1)
5.3.2 Sit-to-Stand Movements
112(2)
5.4 Arm Reaching Movements
114(6)
5.4.1 Referent, Equilibrium and Actual Hand Trajectories
115(3)
5.4.2 Adaptation of Reaching Movements to Gravity: A Possible Role of Proprioception
118(1)
5.4.3 Referent Corrections of Reaching Movements: Feed-Forward Aspects
119(1)
5.5 Referents as Attributes of Physical Frames of Reference
120(5)
5.5.1 Physical Versus Mathematical Frames of Reference
120(1)
5.5.2 Transitions from One to Another Frame of Reference
121(4)
5.6 Optimality of Actions in the Context of Referent Control
125(1)
5.7 Synergies in the Context of Referent Control
126(1)
5.8 Testing the Principle of Biomechanical Correspondence
127(2)
6 Solutions to Classical Problems in the Control of Motor Actions
129(44)
6.1 Mechanical Reductionism in Behavioral Neuroscience
129(4)
6.2 The Posture-Movement Problem
133(5)
6.2.1 Converting Posture-Stabilizing to Movement-Producing Mechanisms
133(3)
6.2.2 Referent Control of Muscle Co-activation in the Context of the Posture-Movement Relationship
136(1)
6.2.3 Hybrid Schemes of Action Control: Are They Physiologically Feasible?
137(1)
6.3 Specifying a Particular Position or Isometric Torque
138(2)
6.4 Central Pattern Generators in the Context of Referent Control
140(10)
6.4.1 A Major Problem of the Existing CPG Concept
141(1)
6.4.2 Integration of Central and Afferent Signals in Normal Conditions
142(2)
6.4.3 Re-defining the CPG Concept
144(4)
6.4.4 Resetting of Spatial Thresholds Versus Gating of Reflexes
148(1)
6.4.5 Control of Posture and Gait May Not Rely on Internal Representations of the Center of Body Mass or Base of Support
149(1)
6.5 Sherrington's Versus Graham Brown's Views on Sensorimotor Integration: A Contest Without a Winner
150(2)
6.6 The Relationship Between Postural and Gait Stability
152(4)
6.6.1 Human Gait Remains Stable at Every Instance
153(1)
6.6.2 Posture and Movement Are Stabilized by Common Mechanisms
154(1)
6.6.3 Referent Control in the Context of the Dynamic Systems Theory
155(1)
6.7 Testing Some Aspects of Referent Control of Human Gait
156(4)
6.7.1 Permanent Phase Resetting of Gait Rhythm in Response to Perturbation
156(1)
6.7.2 Minimization of Activity of Leg Muscles at Specific Phases of Gait
157(3)
6.8 Referent Control of Body Shape and Swimming in Lampreys
160(5)
6.9 More About Stability of Posture and Movement
165(8)
6.9.1 Referent Control Ensures Stability of Posture and Movement Despite Electromechanical and Reflex Delays
165(1)
6.9.2 Typical Errors in Evaluations of Stiffness and Damping
166(1)
6.9.3 Movement Equifinality and Its Violations in the Context of Referent Control
167(2)
6.9.4 Effects of Coriolis Force as Evidence That No Internal Models of Force Fields Are Built During Motor Learning
169(4)
7 Redundancy Problems
173(20)
7.1 Fundamental Role of the Environment in Solving Redundancy Problems
174(2)
7.2 Multi-muscle Control Without Redundancy Problems
176(2)
7.3 Control of Reaching Movements Without Redundancy Problems
178(11)
7.3.1 Possible Neural Basis of Referent Control of Reaching
178(1)
7.3.2 The Minimization Principle and Rank-Ordered Timing of Different Forms of Referent Control Involved in Reaching
179(9)
7.3.3 Other Approaches to Redundancy Problems
188(1)
7.4 From Intention to Action: The Mapping Problem, Its Solution and Relation to Redundancy Problems
189(1)
7.5 Visio-Control Mapping for Locomotion
190(1)
7.6 Learning, Memory and Physical Properties of the Environment in Referent Control
191(2)
8 Action-Perception Coupling
193(30)
8.1 Position Sense and Sense of Effort
194(8)
8.1.1 Position Sense Rule
195(2)
8.1.2 Position Sense in Different Conditions
197(2)
8.1.3 Kinesthetic Illusions Elicited by Tendon Vibration
199(1)
8.1.4 Phantom Limb Phenomenon and Mirror Therapy of Phantom Limb Pain
200(1)
8.1.5 Kinesthetic Illusions Resulting from Electrical Brain Stimulation (Phantom Person and Awareness of Motion)
200(1)
8.1.6 Position Sense and Sense of Effort
201(1)
8.1.7 Predictive Nature of the Position Sense Rule
202(1)
8.2 The Referent Body Configuration as a Basis for the Body Schema
202(2)
8.3 Reaching Different Body Sites in Humans and Spinal Frogs
204(2)
8.4 Information Transmitted by Ascending Pathways to the Brain
206(1)
8.5 Referent Control of Eye Movements
207(9)
8.5.1 Referent Control of Gaze
207(3)
8.5.2 Controversies About the Existence of Stretch Reflexes in External Ocular Muscles
210(2)
8.5.3 Referent Control of Pursuit and Saccadic Eye Movements
212(3)
8.5.4 Questioning the Feasibility of the Pulse-Step Model for Motor Control
215(1)
8.6 Visual Constancy
216(2)
8.7 Referent Control of Optomotor Behaviors in Insects
218(5)
8.7.1 Referent Control of Body Turns
220(1)
8.7.2 The Optomotor Reflex
220(1)
8.7.3 Self-Initiated Body Turns
221(1)
8.7.4 Visual Constancy
221(2)
9 Afterword: Major Lessons and Perspectives
223(6)
References 229(12)
Index 241
Dr. Anatol Feldman is one of the worlds foremost neuroscientists in the area of motor control. His work has had a strong and sustained influence in behavioral neuroscience since the 1960s when he published a unique theory of motor control, called the equilibrium-point hypothesis He has been a professor in the Department of Physiology (now Neuroscience) at the University of Montreal since 1990. After having been denied the right to travel out of the USSR for 25 years, he was granted permission to attend a neuroscience meeting as a distinguished Keynote Speaker in Ontario in 1988. He returned to Canada as a visiting professor at McGill University in 1989. In 1997, he joined the Centre de recherche en sciences neurologiques (CRSN) in the Department of Neuroscience at the Université de Montréal. His laboratories are affiliated with the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR). He is the first recipient of the Nicolai Bernstein award from the International Society of Motor Control.
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