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E-grāmata: Reflective Practice as Professional Development: Experiences of Teachers of English in Japan

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This book presents an exploration of reflective practice with Japanese teachers of English as participants. It illustrates how reflective practice facilitated the development of professional identity and teacher cognition. The author reflects on her own engagement in the study and emphasises the importance of reflexivity in conducting research.



This book presents a researcher’s work on reflective practice with a group of high school teachers of English in Japan. Beginning with a series of uncomfortable teacher training sessions delivered to unwilling participants, the book charts the author’s development of new methods of engaging her participants and making use of their own experiences and knowledge. Both an in-depth examination of reflective practice in the context of Japanese cultural conventions and a narrative account of the researcher’s reflexivity in her engagement with the study, the book introduces the concept of ‘the reflective continuum’ – a non-linear journey that mirrors the way reflection develops in unpredictable and individual ways.

Recenzijas

Reflective Practice as Professional Development is a fine example of cross-cultural research that takes the reader on a reflective journey full of fascinating insights into how reflective practice is understood and experienced by a group of teachers in Japan, highlighting both important culturally specific elements and aspects of teacher development common to English Language Teachers all over the world. * Shirley Lawes, UCL Institute of Education, UK * Reflective Practice as Professional Development, an accessible and well-written study, will resonate with educators interested in reflective practice, professional development, teacher identity, and the Japanese educational context. Drawing upon the work of Schön, while taking into account the pervasive and inescapable conventions of Japanese society (tatemae/honne), Watanabe shows how the transformative power of reflection helped her participants negotiate and develop their professional identities, as they made sense of their practice. * Steve Cornwell, Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan * Reflective practice is highly context specific and different contexts will demand different approaches to reflection. Atsuko Watanabe has produced a superb study of the reflective practices of seven in-service high school English language teachers in the context of Japan. Thus this book is a blue print for others (teachers, academics, administrators, government officials) wishing to implement professional development of language teachers in Japan through the concept of reflective practice. * Thomas S. C. Farrell, Brock University, Canada * Reflective Practice as Professional Development should be recommended to anyone with an interest in RP, especially in carrying out RP as an evidence-based practice. Watanabes detailed presentation of her cases and data collection procedures, as well as the rich contextualization of the entire study and focus on open-ended professional development will provide a model for future research in RP... -- Bill Snyder, Kanda University of International Studies, Japan * JALT Journal (forthcoming 2018) *

Acknowledgements ix
1 Introduction and Preface: Embarking on the Journey of Reflective Practice
1(9)
The Aim of the Study
5(1)
My Story
6(1)
Overview of the Book
6(4)
2 Designing a Better Way to Learn about Teachers and Professional Development
10(13)
Reflective Practice as Professional Development
12(8)
Choice 1 Use a case study approach
14(1)
Choice 2 Use my position as an outsider strategically
15(2)
Choice 3 Accept that teacher cognition is accessible only indirectly
17(3)
Reflective Practice and Data Analysis
20(1)
Summary
21(2)
3 Situating My Study: Reflective Practice in the Japanese Context
23(22)
The Case of Mr Sato, Pilot Participant
23(3)
Reflective Practice in the Japanese Context
26(3)
Hansei: Self-Critical Reflection
29(3)
Tatemae and Honne: Japanese Conversational Conventions/Putting the Group before the Self
32(2)
Kotodama: The Spirit of the Word
34(1)
The Japanese Participants and the Reflective Interventions
35(9)
Journal entries
38(1)
Journal writing in the Japanese context
39(1)
Interviews
40(3)
Class observation
43(1)
Summary
44(1)
4 The Reflective Continuum
45(16)
Review of the Participants and their Reflective Themes
48(1)
Five Ways of Reflecting: A Working Taxonomy
49(9)
Description
49(2)
Reconfirmation
51(2)
Hansei
53(3)
Reinterpretation
56(1)
Awareness
57(1)
Conclusion
58(3)
5 Reflective Practice and the Consolidation of Professional Identity: Cases of the Novice Teachers
61(22)
Professional Identity
62(1)
Ken: Moving from Student Perspective to Teacher Perspective
63(8)
Speaking in front of a class
65(2)
Being stricter with students
67(4)
Kyoko: Teacher Role to Teacher Identity
71(6)
Expanding her students' perspectives
73(4)
Sara: Expanding Professional Identity
77(5)
From `cold teacher' to `expanding students' world'
78(4)
Summary
82(1)
6 Reflective Practice and the Consolidation of Professional Identity: Cases of the Experienced Teachers
83(22)
Yoko: Gradual Reshaping of Professional Identity
83(7)
Mr Sato: Perplexed with his Professional Role and his Identity
90(3)
Naomi: Becoming Aware of her Mission
93(4)
Whole person education
94(3)
Miki: Established Philosophy of Teaching
97(3)
A strong sense of agency
97(1)
Multifaceted teacher identity
98(2)
Conclusion
100(5)
Exploration of professional identity throughout the career
100(2)
Trajectory of teacher self: From role to identity to mission
102(3)
7 Teachers' Awareness and Understanding: Exploring Teacher Cognition
105(33)
Teacher Cognition: Tacit, Complex and Dynamic
106(2)
Ken: Reinterpretation of `Atmosphere' on Learning and Teaching
108(4)
Kyoko: Teacher Cognition and Professional Goals
112(4)
Teaching individuals vs. a group
112(1)
Reconfirmation of her goal as a teacher: Developing students through English study
113(3)
Sara: Expanding her Teacher Cognition
116(4)
Different knowledge is necessary for teaching at different schools
116(1)
Bring the world into the classroom
117(2)
Good environment conducive for effective teaching
119(1)
Yoko: Becoming Aware of Contradictions and Avoidance
120(3)
Finding contradictions among my themes
120(1)
Avoidance of what I do not want to be involved in
121(2)
Naomi: Learner Belief and Teacher Belief as Dynamic Constructs
123(3)
Miki: Becoming Aware of Contradiction and Compensation
126(6)
Contradiction in approach to discipline
126(3)
Becoming aware of compensation in `the use of the worksheet'
129(3)
Conclusion
132(6)
Expanding teacher cognition through the practice of reflection
133(1)
Becoming aware of contradictions, avoidance or compensation
134(1)
Beyond the comfort zone
135(3)
8 The Reflective Interventions: Creating a Space for Expression
138(24)
Focus Groups as a Reflective Intervention
140(3)
Challenges of the focus group
142(1)
Journal Writing as a Reflective Intervention
143(10)
The three stages of writing
144(8)
Challenges of journal writing as a reflective intervention
152(1)
Interviews as a Reflective Intervention
153(6)
Reading interview transcripts
155(2)
Individual differences in the interviews
157(2)
Conclusion
159(3)
9 Implications for Professional Development Opportunities for Japanese Teachers
162(13)
The Action Plan: Japanese with English Abilities
162(2)
Teacher Training Seminars to `Brush up' English
164(1)
Reflective Practice for Teacher Development
165(2)
Conceptualisation of Teacher Development: What is Teacher Development?
167(3)
My Own Professional Development as a Researcher
170(5)
References 175(9)
Index 184
Atsuko Watanabe is Senior Lecturer of English for Liberal Arts at the International Christian University, Japan. She has over 20 years experience as an English teacher. Her research interests include teacher development, teacher cognition, reflective practice and researchers' reflexivity in qualitative research.