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E-grāmata: Regression Models for Categorical, Count, and Related Variables: An Applied Approach

  • Formāts: 432 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: University of California Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780520965492
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  • Formāts: 432 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: University of California Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780520965492
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"Social science and behavioral science students and researchers are often confronted with data that are categorical, count a phenomenon, or have been collected over time. Sociologists examining the likelihood of interracial marriage, political scientistsstudying voting behavior, criminologists counting the number of offenses people commit, health scientists studying the number of suicides across neighborhoods, and psychologists modeling mental health treatment success are all interested in outcomes thatare not continuous. Instead, they must measure and analyze these events and phenomena in a discrete manner. This book provides an introduction and overview of several statistical models designed for these types of outcomes--all presented under the assumption that the reader has only a good working knowledge of elementary algebra and has taken introductory statistics and linear regression analysis. Numerous examples from the social sciences demonstrate the practical applications of these models. The chapters address logistic and probit models, including those designed for ordinal and nominal variables, regular and zero-inflated Poisson and negative binomial models, event history models, models for longitudinal data, multilevel models, and data reduction techniques such as principal components and factor analysis. Each chapter discusses how to utilize the models and test their assumptions with the statistical software Stata, and also includes exercise sets so readers can practice using these techniques. Appendices show how to estimate the models in SAS, SPSS, and R; provide a review of regression assumptions using simulations; and discuss missing data. A companion website includes downloadable versions of all the data sets used in the book"--Provided by publisher.

Social and behavioral science students and researchers are often confronted with data that are categorical, count some phenomenon, or have been collected over time. Sociologists examining the likelihood of interracial marriage, political scientists studying voting behavior, criminologists counting the number of offenses people commit, health scientists studying the number of suicides across neighborhoods, and psychologists modeling mental health treatment success are all interested in outcomes that are not continuous, but rather measure events and phenomena in a discrete manner.
 
This book provides an introduction and overview of several statistical models designed for these types of outcomes—all with the assumption that the reader only has a good working knowledge of elementary algebra and has taken introductory statistics and linear regression analysis.
 
Numerous examples from the social sciences demonstrate the practical applications of these models. The chapters address logistic and probit models, including those designed for ordinal and nominal variables, regular and zero-inflated Poisson and negative binomial models, event history models, models for longitudinal data, multilevel models, and data reduction techniques such as principal components and factor analysis.
 
Each chapter discusses how to utilize the models and test their assumptions with the statistical software Stata, and also include exercise sets so readers practice using these techniques. Appendices show how to estimate the models in SAS, SPSS, and R; provide a review of regression assumptions using simulations; and discuss missing data. A companion website includes downloadable versions of all the data sets used in the book.
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
1 Review of Linear Regression Models
1(38)
A Brief Introduction to Stata
4(1)
An OLS Regression Model in Stata
5(5)
Checking the Assumptions of the OLS Regression Model
10(14)
Modifying the OLS Regression Model
24(2)
Examining Effect Modification with Interaction Terms
26(4)
Assessing Another OLS Regression Model
30(6)
Final Words
36(3)
2 Categorical Data and Generalized Linear Models
39(24)
A Brief Review of Categorical Variables
40(2)
Generalized Linear Models
42(1)
Link Functions
43(1)
Probability Distributions as Family Members
44(6)
How Are GLMs Estimated?
50(3)
Hypothesis Tests with ML Regression Coefficients
53(1)
Testing the Overall Fit of ML Regression Models
54(2)
Example of an ML Linear Regression Model
56(4)
Final Words
60(3)
3 Logistic and Probit Regression Models
63(24)
What Is an Alternative? Logistic Regression
64(6)
The Multiple Logistic Regression Model
70(3)
Model Fit and Testing Assumptions of the Model
73(4)
Probit Regression
77(4)
Comparison of Marginal Effects: dprobit and Margins Using dy/dx
81(1)
Model Fit and Diagnostics with the Probit Model
82(2)
Limitations and Modifications
84(1)
Final Words
85(2)
4 Ordered Logistic and Probit Regression Models
87(24)
The Ordered Logistic Regression Model
90(6)
The Ordered Probit Model
96(4)
Multiple Ordered Regression Models
100(5)
Model Fit and Diagnostics with Ordered Models
105(3)
Final Words
108(3)
5 Multinomial Logistic and Probit Regression Models
111(20)
The Multinomial Logistic Regression Model
112(6)
The Multiple Multinomial Logistic Regression Model
118(5)
The Multinomial Probit Regression Model
123(1)
Examining the Assumptions of Multinomial Regression Models
124(4)
Final Words
128(3)
6 Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models
131(28)
The Multiple Poisson Regression Model
138(3)
Examining Assumptions of the Poisson Model
141(2)
The Extradispersed Poisson Regression Model
143(2)
The Negative Binomial Regression Model
145(3)
Checking Assumptions of the Negative Binomial Model
148(1)
Zero-Inflated Count Models
149(6)
Testing Assumptions of Zero-Inflated Models
155(3)
Final Words
158(1)
7 Event History Models
159(30)
Event History Models
160(3)
Example of Survivor and Hazard Functions
163(5)
Continuous-Time Event History Models with Censored Data
168(8)
The Cox Proportional Hazards Model
176(4)
Discrete-Time Event History Models
180(7)
Final Words
187(2)
8 Regression Models for Longitudinal Data
189(18)
Fixed- and Random-Effects Regression Models
191(6)
Generalized Estimating Equations for Longitudinal Data
197(8)
Final Words
205(2)
9 Multilevel Regression Models
207(36)
The Basic Approach of Multilevel Models
210(5)
The Multilevel Linear Regression Model
215(4)
Checking Model Assumptions
219(2)
Group-Level Variables and Cross-Level Interactions
221(3)
Multilevel Generalized Linear Models
224(2)
Multilevel Models for Longitudinal Data
226(7)
Cross-Level Interactions and Correlational Structures in Multilevel Models for Longitudinal Data
233(3)
Checking Model Assumptions
236(2)
A Multilevel Poisson Regression Model for Longitudinal Data
238(2)
Final Words
240(3)
10 Principal Components and Factor Analysis
243(154)
Principal Components Analysis
247(4)
Factor Analysis
251(5)
Creating Latent Variables
256(1)
Factor Analysis for Categorical Variables
256(4)
Confirmatory Factor Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
260(2)
Generalized SEM
262(3)
A Brief Note on Regression Analyses Using Structural Equation Models
265(2)
Final Words
267(2)
Appendix A SAS, SPSS, and R Code for Examples in
Chapters
269(114)
Section 1 SAS Code
269(37)
Section 2 SPSS Syntax
306(48)
Section 3 R Code
354(29)
Appendix B Using Simulations to Examine Assumptions of OLS Regression
383(6)
Appendix C Working with Missing Data
389(8)
References 397(6)
Index 403
John P. Hoffmann is Professor of Sociology at Brigham Young University. Before arriving at BYU, he was a senior research scientist at the National Opinion Research Center (NORC), a nonprofit firm affiliated with the University of Chicago. He received a master's in Justice Studies at American University and a doctorate in Criminal Justice at SUNY-Albany. He also received a master's in Public Health with emphases in Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences at Emory University's Rollins School of Public Health. His research addresses drug use, juvenile delinquency, mental health, and the sociology of religion.