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Relativity Principles and Theories from Galileo to Einstein [Hardback]

(Research Director at CNRS and Research Scholar at OHST, CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France, and OHST, University of California at Berkeley, USA)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 496 pages, height x width x depth: 246x175x27 mm, weight: 1046 g, 30 illlustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Dec-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192849530
  • ISBN-13: 9780192849533
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Relativity Principles and Theories from Galileo to EinsteinPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 496 pages, height x width x depth: 246x175x27 mm, weight: 1046 g, 30 illlustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Dec-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192849530
  • ISBN-13: 9780192849533
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780192849533.html
Keywords:
Motion is always relative to some thing. Is this thing a concrete body like the earth, is it an abstract space, or is it an imagined frame? Do the laws of physics depend on the choice of reference? It there a choice for which the laws are simplest? Is this choice unique? Is there a physical
cause for the choice made?

These questions traverse the history of modern physics from Galileo to Einstein. The answers involved Galilean relativity, Newton's absolute space, the purely relational concepts of Descartes, Leibniz, and Mach, and many forgotten uses of relativity principles in mechanics, optics, and
electrodynamics - until the relativity theories of Poincaré, Einstein, Minkowksi, and Laue radically redefined space and time to satisfy universal kinds of relativity.

Accordingly, this book retraces the emergence of relativity principles in early modern mechanics, documents their constructive use in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics, and gives a well-rooted account of the genesis of special and general relativity in the
early twentieth century. As an exercise in long-term history, it demonstrates the connectivity of issues and approaches across several centuries, despite enormous changes in context and culture. As an account of the genesis of relativity theories, it brings unprecedented clarity and fullness by
broadening the spectrum of resources on which the principal actors drew.

Recenzijas

This book is not only an accurate history of the physical relativity principles of motion during the last three hundred years, it is also an important book about the cognitive relativity of scientists' understanding of issues that once were challenging but which present day physicists consider commonsense. * Jan Faye, Metascience * Students and professionals will benefit from access to this unique work by an accomplished researcher. * A Spero, CHOICE * As an exercise in long-term history, it demonstrates the connectivity of issues and approaches across several centuries, despite enormous changes in context and culture. As an account of the genesis of relativity theories, it brings unprecedented clarity and fullness by broadening the spectrum of resources on which the principal actors drew. * zb Math Open * This book is not only an accurate history of the physical relativity principles of motion during the last three hundred years, it is also an important book about the cognitive relativity of scientists' understanding of issues that once were challenging but which present-day physicists consider commonsense. * Jan Faye, University of Copenhagen, Metascience * Truly excellent and fills an important gap in the research landscape on relativity. * Juergen Renn, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin * Well thought out and could become the definitive work that connects the developments pertinent to relativity from the 17th century to the present. * John D. Norton, University of Pittsburgh * This first rate work pulls together many historical scientific strands, and is certain to initiate a lively discussion. * Diana Kormos-Buchwald, Caltech *

Preface viii
Conventions and notations xiii
1 Rethinking motion in the seventeenth century
1(27)
1.1 Galileo's science of motion
2(6)
1.2 Beeckman and Descartes on free fall
8(2)
1.3 Descartes's world
10(3)
1.4 Newton's laws of motion
13(6)
1.5 Huygens's mechanics
19(4)
Conclusions
23(5)
2 Deriving Newton's second law from relativity principles
28(24)
2.1 Rational mechanics in the eighteenth century
29(7)
2.2 Nineteenth-century French textbooks
36(6)
2.3 Principles and deductions
42(5)
Conclusions
47(5)
3 The space-time-inertia tangle
52(32)
3.1 From Huygens to Kant
53(8)
3.2 Criticism in the last third of the nineteenth century
61(14)
3.3 The measurement of time
75(4)
Conclusions
79(5)
4 The optics of moving bodies
84(34)
4.1 The speed of light
85(3)
4.2 The corpuscular approach
88(4)
4.3 Stellar aberrations in the wave theory
92(10)
4.4 The Fresnel drag
102(6)
4.5 Toward an optical relativity
108(6)
Conclusions
114(4)
5 The electrodynamics of moving bodies
118(39)
5.1 Early electrodynamics
119(2)
5.2 German action at a distance
121(3)
5.3 British field theories
124(9)
5.4 Maxwell in Germany
133(4)
5.5 Effects of absolute motion
137(4)
5.6 The separation of ether and matter
141(11)
Conclusions
152(5)
6 Poincare's relativity theory
157(31)
6.1 Critical teaching
159(6)
6.2 For the Lorentz jubilee
165(5)
6.3 Inside the electron
170(5)
6.4 The postulate of relativity
175(9)
Conclusions
184(4)
7 The relativity theory of Einstein, Minkowski, and Laue
188(48)
7.1 The young Einstein's ventures in electrodynamics
191(4)
7.2 Alternatives to Lorentz's theory
195(7)
7.3 Einstein's relativity theory
202(10)
7.4 Early reception 1905-1908
212(10)
7.5 Constructing a relativistic electron
222(7)
7.6 Outside Germany
229(2)
Conclusions
231(5)
8 From Riemann to Ricci
236(33)
8.1 Gauss's curved surfaces
239(5)
8.2 Riemann's curvature
244(6)
8.3 Non-Euclidean geometries
250(6)
8.4 The absolute differential calculus
256(11)
Conclusions
267(2)
9 Mostly Einstein: To general relativity
269(72)
9.1 Heuristic arguments (1906-1911)
272(8)
9.2 The static theory of 1912
280(9)
9.3 The Zurich notebook
289(9)
9.4 The Entwurf theory of 1913
298(4)
9.5 The scalar theory
302(3)
9.6 Bridled covariance
305(4)
9.7 Justified transformations and adapted coordinates
309(5)
9.8 November 1915
314(12)
Conclusions
326(15)
10 Mesh and measure in early general relativity
341(48)
10.1 A Gaussian preliminary
344(4)
10.2 Einstein's Grundlage of 1916
348(12)
10.3 The gravitational redshift
360(8)
10.4 The gravitational deflection of light
368(7)
10.5 The advance of Mercury's perihelion
375(11)
Conclusions
386(3)
11 Epilogue
389(27)
11.1 Actors and stages
389(3)
11.2 Mechanical relativity
392(6)
11.3 Optical relativity
398(2)
11.4 Electrodynamic relativity
400(4)
11.5 Special relativity
404(3)
11.6 General relativity
407(9)
Abbreviations 416(1)
References 417(48)
Index 465
Olivier Darrigol studied physics at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, the history and philosophy of physics at the Sorbonne and at UC-Berkeley's Office for History of Science and Technology (OHST). He is the author of several books on the history of quantum physics, electrodynamics, hydrodynamics, and optics. He is currently a member of the SPHere research team at CNRS/Paris 7, and a Research Associate at UC-Berkeley's OHST.