Introduction |
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ix | |
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Chapter 1 Light-emitting Diodes: State-of-the-Art GaN Technologies |
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1 | (42) |
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1.1 Current economic context |
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2 | (9) |
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2 | (3) |
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1.1.2 Societal and market issues of GaN LEDs for public lighting |
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5 | (6) |
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1.2 State-of-the-art GaN-based LEDs |
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11 | (23) |
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1.2.1 Nitrides: from the wurtzite structure to band engineering |
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11 | (7) |
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1.2.2 Electroluminescent GaN-based diodes |
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18 | (16) |
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1.3 Positioning, justification and objectives of the study |
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34 | (8) |
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1.3.1 Positioning and justification of the study |
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35 | (3) |
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1.3.2 Objectives of the study |
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38 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Tools and Analysis Methods of Encapsulated LEDs |
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43 | (64) |
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2.1 Junction temperature measurement methodologies |
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44 | (9) |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Methodology synthesis and thermal parameters |
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51 | (2) |
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2.2 Mechanisms and electrical models of an LED |
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53 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Current-voltage measurement bench I(V) |
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54 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Electronic transport phenomena |
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55 | (6) |
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2.3 Mechanisms and optical models of LED |
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61 | (21) |
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2.3.1 Bench optical power measurements |
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61 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Model of optical power |
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63 | (6) |
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2.3.3 Bench spectral measurements |
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69 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Phenomena of electronic transitions of a DH LED |
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71 | (5) |
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2.3.5 Optical parameters of a DH LED |
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76 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Phenomena of electronic transitions of a MQ W LED |
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78 | (3) |
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2.3.7 Optical parameters of a MQW LED |
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81 | (1) |
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2.4 Physicochemical characterizations of an LED |
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82 | (23) |
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2.4.1 Sample preparation techniques |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (8) |
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2.4.3 Electronic analyses |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (5) |
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2.4.5 Temperature analysis: differential scanning calorimetry |
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102 | (2) |
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2.4.6 Summary of physicochemical analyses |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Failure Analysis Methodology of Blue LEDs |
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107 | (40) |
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3.1 Mission and aging profile |
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108 | (2) |
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3.1.1 Component definition |
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108 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Environmental stresses and acceleration factor |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Specifications of accelerated aging |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (4) |
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3.3 Initial characterization of LEDs: electrical and optical aspects |
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115 | (16) |
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3.3.1 LEDs' technological description |
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116 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Extraction of LEDs' electro-optical parameters |
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119 | (12) |
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3.4 Application of the methodology on low-power LEDs |
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131 | (11) |
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3.4.1 Impact of aging on the optical power |
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131 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Electrical failure signatures |
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132 | (2) |
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3.4.3 Optical failure signatures |
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134 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Confirmation of failure mechanisms: physicochemical analyses |
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135 | (7) |
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3.5 Summary of results and conclusions |
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142 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 Integration of the Methodology Starting from Component Design |
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147 | (40) |
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4.1 Mission profile for public lighting |
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148 | (5) |
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4.1.1 Context and project objectives |
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149 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Environmental requirements and constraints in public lighting |
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150 | (2) |
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4.1.3 Studied technologies |
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152 | (1) |
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4.2 Aging campaign and component description |
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153 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Aging campaign specifications |
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153 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Technological description of LEDs |
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154 | (2) |
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4.3 Physical failure analysis |
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156 | (29) |
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4.3.1 Location of degraded areas: electro-optical and thermal failure signature |
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157 | (14) |
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4.3.2 Validation of failure mechanisms by using physiochemical analyses |
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171 | (13) |
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4.3.3 Technological solutions |
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184 | (1) |
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4.4 Summary of results and conclusions |
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185 | (2) |
Conclusion |
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187 | (8) |
Bibliography |
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195 | (14) |
Index |
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209 | |