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xv | |
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xix | |
Foreword |
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xxi | |
Preface |
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xxiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
Acronyms |
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xxvii | |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (6) |
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1.1.1 Sensing and Control in the Information-Rich World |
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1 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Typical Civilian Application Scenarios |
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3 | (2) |
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1.1.3 Challenges in Sensing and Control Using Unmanned Vehicles |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (4) |
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1.2.1 Small Unmanned Aircraft System Design for Remote Sensing |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.2 State Estimation for Small UAVs |
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8 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Advanced Flight Control for Small UAVs |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Cooperative Remote Sensing Using Multiple UAVs |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2.5 Diffusion Control Using Mobile Actuator and Sensor Networks |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3 Monograph Contributions |
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11 | (1) |
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1.4 Monograph Organization |
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12 | (3) |
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12 | (3) |
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2 AggieAir: A Low-Cost Unmanned Aircraft System for Remote Sensing |
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15 | (38) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (9) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Typical Autopilots for Small UAVs |
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22 | (4) |
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2.3 AggieAir UAS Platform |
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26 | (13) |
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2.3.1 Remote Sensing Requirements |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3.2 AggieAir System Structure |
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27 | (3) |
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2.3.3 Flying-Wing Airframe |
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30 | (1) |
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2.3.4 OSAM-Paparazzi Autopilot |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3.5 OSAM Image Payload Subsystem |
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32 | (4) |
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2.3.6 gRAID Image Georeference Subsystem |
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36 | (3) |
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2.4 OSAM-Paparazzi Interface Design for IMU Integration |
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39 | (6) |
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2.4.1 Hardware Interface Connections |
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40 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Software Interface Design |
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41 | (4) |
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2.5 AggieAir UAS Test Protocol and Tuning |
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45 | (2) |
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2.5.1 AggieAir UAS Test Protocol |
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45 | (1) |
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2.5.2 AggieAir Controller Tuning Procedure |
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46 | (1) |
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2.6 Typical Platforms and Flight Test Results |
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47 | (3) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Flight Test Results |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (3) |
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50 | (3) |
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3 Attitude Estimation Using Low-Cost IMUs for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles |
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53 | (24) |
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3.1 State Estimation Problem Definition |
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54 | (1) |
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3.2 Rigid Body Rotations Basics |
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55 | (5) |
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55 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Rotation Representations |
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56 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Conversion Between Rotation Representations |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (2) |
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3.3 Low-Cost Inertial Measurement Units: Hardware and Sensor Suites |
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60 | (5) |
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3.3.1 IMU Basics and Notations |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Example Low-Cost IMUs |
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63 | (2) |
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3.4 Attitude Estimation Using Complementary Filters on SO(3) |
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65 | (3) |
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3.4.1 Passive Complementary Filter |
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66 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Explicit Complementary Filter |
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66 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Flight Test Results |
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67 | (1) |
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3.5 Attitude Estimation Using Extended Kalman Filters |
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68 | (2) |
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3.5.1 General Extended Kalman Filter |
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68 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Quaternion-Based Extended Kalman Filter |
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69 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Euler Angles-Based Extended Kalman Filter |
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69 | (1) |
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3.6 AggieEKF: GPS-Aided Extended Kalman Filter |
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70 | (4) |
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74 | (3) |
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74 | (3) |
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4 Lateral Channel Fractional Order Flight Controller Design for a Small UAV |
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77 | (24) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.2 Preliminaries of UAV Flight Control |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3 Roll-Channel System Identification and Control |
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79 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Excitation Signal for System Identification |
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80 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Parameter Optimization |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4 Fractional Order Controller Design |
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81 | (5) |
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4.4.1 Fractional Order Operators |
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81 | (1) |
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4.4.2 PIλ Controller Design |
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82 | (3) |
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4.4.3 Fractional Order Controller Implementation |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (6) |
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4.5.1 Introduction to Aerosim Simulation Platform |
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87 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Roll-Channel System Identification |
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87 | (2) |
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4.5.3 Fractional-Order PI Controller Design Procedure |
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89 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Integer-Order PID Controller Design |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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4.6 UAV Flight Testing Results |
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92 | (7) |
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4.6.1 The ChangE UAV Platform |
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92 | (2) |
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4.6.2 System Identification |
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94 | (2) |
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4.6.3 Proportional Controller and Integer Order PI Controller Design |
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96 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Fractional Order PI Controller Design |
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97 | (1) |
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4.6.5 Flight Test Results |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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99 | (2) |
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5 Remote Sensing Using Single Unmanned Aerial Vehicle |
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101 | (20) |
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5.1 Motivations for Remote Sensing |
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102 | (1) |
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5.1.1 Water Management and Irrigation Control Requirements |
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102 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Introduction of Remote Sensing |
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102 | (1) |
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5.2 Remote Sensing Using Small UAVs |
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103 | (6) |
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103 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Georeference Problem |
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105 | (4) |
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5.3 Sample Applications for AggieAir UAS |
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109 | (10) |
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5.3.1 Real-Time Surveillance |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Water Area Coverage |
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112 | (1) |
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5.3.5 Riparian Surveillance |
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112 | (3) |
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5.3.6 Remote Data Collection |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (2) |
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119 | (2) |
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6 Cooperative Remote Sensing Using Multiple Unmanned Vehicles |
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121 | (22) |
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6.1 Consensus-Based Formation Control |
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122 | (7) |
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6.1.1 Consensus Algorithms |
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122 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Implementation of Consensus Algorithms |
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123 | (1) |
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6.1.3 MASnet Hardware Platform |
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123 | (2) |
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6.1.4 Experimental Results |
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125 | (4) |
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6.2 Surface Wind Profile Measurement Using Multiple UAVs |
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129 | (11) |
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6.2.1 Problem Definition: Wind Profile Measurement |
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131 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Wind Profile Measurement Using UAVs |
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133 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Wind Profile Measurement Using Multiple UAVs |
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135 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Preliminary Simulation and Experimental Results |
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136 | (4) |
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140 | (3) |
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140 | (3) |
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7 Diffusion Control Using Mobile Sensor and Actuator Networks |
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143 | (24) |
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7.1 Motivation and Background |
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143 | (1) |
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7.2 Mathematical Modeling and Problem Formulation |
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144 | (2) |
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7.3 CVT-Based Dynamical Actuator Motion Scheduling Algorithm |
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146 | (1) |
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7.3.1 Motion Planning for Actuators with the First-Order Dynamics |
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146 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Motion Planning for Actuators with the Second-Order Dynamics |
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147 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Neutralizing Control |
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147 | (1) |
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7.4 Grouping Effect in CVT-Based Diffusion Control |
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147 | (7) |
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7.4.1 Grouping for CVT-Based Diffusion Control |
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148 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Diffusion Control Simulation with Different Group Sizes |
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148 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Grouping Effect Summary |
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150 | (4) |
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7.5 Information Consensus in CVT-Based Diffusion Control |
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154 | (4) |
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7.5.1 Basic Consensus Algorithm |
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154 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Requirements of Diffusion Control |
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154 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Consensus-Based CVT Algorithm |
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155 | (3) |
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158 | (6) |
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164 | (3) |
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164 | (3) |
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8 Conclusions and Future Research Suggestions |
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167 | (4) |
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167 | (1) |
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8.2 Future Research Suggestions |
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168 | (3) |
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8.2.1 VTOL UAS Design for Civilian Applications |
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168 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Monitoring and Control of Fast-Evolving Processes |
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169 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Other Future Research Suggestions |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (26) |
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A.1 List of Documents for CSOIS Flight Test Protocol |
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171 | (2) |
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A.1.1 Sample CSOIS-OSAM Flight Test Request Form |
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171 | (1) |
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A.1.2 Sample CSOIS-OSAM 48 in. UAV (IR) In-lab Inspection Form |
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172 | (1) |
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A.1.3 Sample Preflight Checklist |
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172 | (1) |
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A.2 IMU/GPS Serial Communication Protocols |
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173 | (9) |
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A.2.1 u-blox GPS Serial Protocol |
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173 | (1) |
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A.2.2 Crossbow MNAV IMU Serial Protocol |
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173 | (1) |
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A.2.3 Microstrain GX2 IMU Serial Protocol |
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174 | (4) |
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A.2.4 Xsens Mti-g IMU Serial Protocol |
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178 | (4) |
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A.3 Paparazzi Autopilot Software Architecture: A Modification Guide |
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182 | (10) |
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A.3.1 Autopilot Software Structure |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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A.3.3 OSAM-Paparazzi Interface Implementation |
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184 | (1) |
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A.3.4 Configuration XML Files |
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185 | (4) |
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A.3.5 Roll-Channel Fractional Order Controller Implementation |
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189 | (3) |
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A.4 DiffMas2D Code Modification Guide |
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192 | (5) |
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192 | (1) |
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A.4.2 Diffusion Animation Generation |
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193 | (1) |
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A.4.3 Implementation of CVT-Consensus Algorithm |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
Topic Index |
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197 | |