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E-grāmata: Research Methodology and Scientific Writing

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030648657
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Research Methodology and Scientific WritingPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 24-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030648657
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This book presents a guide for research methodology and scientific writing covering various elements such as finding research problems, writing research proposals, obtaining funds for research, selecting research designs, searching the literature and review, collection of data and analysis, preparation of thesis, writing research papers for journals, citation and listing of references, preparation of visual materials, oral and poster presentation in conferences, and ethical issues in research . Besides introducing library and its various features in a lucid style, the latest on the use of information technology in retrieving and managing information through various means are also discussed in this book. The book is useful for students, young researchers, and professionals.
1 Research: The Search for Knowledge
1(32)
1.1 Acquiring Knowledge
2(2)
1.2 Science and Technology
4(2)
1.3 What is Research?
6(3)
1.4 Qualities of a Researcher
9(2)
1.5 History of Research
11(10)
1.6 Induction and Deduction in Research
21(1)
1.7 Hypothesis, Theory, Law, Fact, and Others
22(4)
1.8 The Scientific Method
26(3)
1.9 Research Methodology and Research Methods
29(1)
1.10 The Research Process
29(2)
1.11 Academic Research
31(2)
Bibliography
32(1)
2 Philosophy of Research
33(16)
2.1 Philosophy and Science
33(2)
2.2 Epistemology
35(1)
2.3 Empiricism
36(1)
2.4 Rationalism
37(1)
2.5 Skepticism
38(1)
2.6 Falsifiability
39(1)
2.7 The Principle of Parsimony
40(1)
2.8 Pseudoscience
41(1)
2.9 Reductionism
42(2)
2.10 Paradigm and Paradigm Shift
44(1)
2.11 Post-modernism
45(4)
Bibliography
47(2)
3 Approaches to Research
49(16)
3.1 Intuition in Research
50(2)
3.2 Unconventional Ways to Intuition
52(2)
3.3 Variables in Research
54(4)
3.4 Formal Approaches to Research
58(7)
Bibliography
63(2)
4 Major Research Methods
65(28)
4.1 Natural Observation
65(1)
4.2 Historical Research
66(1)
4.3 Ethnographic Research
67(1)
4.4 Cross-Sectional Study
68(1)
4.5 Longitudinal Study
69(1)
4.6 Cohort Study
70(1)
4.7 Case Study
71(1)
4.8 Correlational Research
72(1)
4.9 Model Building
72(1)
4.10 Action Research
73(1)
4.11 Participatory Learning and Action
74(3)
4.12 PLA Tools
77(12)
4.13 Some Special Research Methods
89(4)
Bibliography
90(3)
5 Experimental Research
93(42)
5.1 Cause and Effect Relationships
94(1)
5.2 Hypothesis in Experiments
95(2)
5.3 Validity of Experiments
97(5)
5.4 Principles of Experimentation
102(2)
5.5 `Control' in Experiments
104(2)
5.6 Classification of Experiments
106(4)
5.7 Experimental Design
110(3)
5.8 Field Experiments
113(1)
5.9 Field Experiments in Agriculture: Some Practical Considerations
114(8)
5.10 Randomized Controlled Trial
122(1)
5.11 Paired Design
123(1)
5.12 Quasi-experiments
124(3)
5.13 Ex Post Facto Experiments
127(4)
5.14 Requirements of a Good Experiment
131(4)
Bibliography
132(3)
6 Collection and Analysis of Data
135(34)
6.1 Sampling
135(5)
6.2 Scales of Measurement
140(2)
6.3 Collection of Data
142(1)
6.4 Observation
143(3)
6.5 Surveys
146(3)
6.6 Possible Errors in Research
149(2)
6.7 Analysis of Data
151(1)
6.8 Descriptive Statistics
151(2)
6.9 Inferential Statistics
153(4)
6.10 Some Common Statistical Tests
157(6)
6.11 Popular Statistical Packages
163(2)
6.12 Monitoring Research
165(4)
Bibliography
166(3)
7 Planning and Writing a Research Proposal
169(30)
7.1 Research Projects
170(2)
7.2 Finding a Research Problem
172(2)
7.3 Analysis of Research Ideas
174(2)
7.4 Planning a Proposal: Some General Considerations
176(1)
7.5 Proposal Outline
177(8)
7.6 Presentation and Evaluation of Proposals
185(1)
7.7 Students' Outline of Research Work
186(1)
7.8 Major Funding Agencies
187(12)
Annexure
195(2)
Bibliography
197(2)
8 Publications and the Library
199(28)
8.1 Role of Libraries in Information Retrieval
199(4)
8.2 Laws of Library Science
203(1)
8.3 Classification and Arrangement of Publications
204(6)
8.4 Tools for Identifying Literature
210(2)
8.5 Types of Publications
212(7)
8.6 Grey Literature
219(1)
8.7 Microfiche
219(1)
8.8 Digital Libraries
220(7)
Bibliography
224(3)
9 Academic Databases
227(36)
9.1 Bibliographic Databases
228(9)
9.2 General Search Engines
237(2)
9.3 Metasearch Engines
239(1)
9.4 Academic Search Engines
240(4)
9.5 Citation Indexes
244(4)
9.6 Citation Analysis
248(5)
9.7 Online Searching Methods
253(2)
9.8 Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI)
255(1)
9.9 The Indian Academy of Sciences
255(1)
9.10 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR)
256(2)
9.11 ICAR Initiatives for Knowledge Management
258(5)
Bibliography
259(4)
10 The Literature Review
263(12)
10.1 Importance of the Literature Review
263(2)
10.2 Planning a Literature Search
265(2)
10.3 Locating Relevant Literature
267(1)
10.4 Managing Information
268(1)
10.5 Reliability of a Source
269(3)
10.6 Writing a Review
272(3)
Bibliography
274(1)
11 Preparation of Research Papers and Other Articles
275(28)
11.1 The IMRAD Structure for Research Reporting
276(1)
11.2 Research Papers
277(2)
11.3 Selecting a Journal
279(3)
11.4 The Structure of a Research Paper
282(4)
11.5 Other Considerations in the Preparation of Research Papers
286(3)
11.6 Review and Peer Review
289(2)
11.7 Review Papers
291(1)
11.8 Conference Papers
292(1)
11.9 Electronic Publications
293(1)
11.10 Short Notes and Other Forms of Reports
294(1)
11.11 Copyediting and Proofreading
295(8)
Bibliography
301(2)
12 The Structure of a Thesis
303(16)
12.1 Thesis or Dissertation?
303(1)
12.2 Parts of a Thesis
304(1)
12.3 Preliminary Pages of a Thesis
305(1)
12.4 The Subject Proper
306(6)
12.5 The Abstract
312(1)
12.6 Formatting Requirements of a Thesis
312(1)
12.7 Paper and Text Spacing
313(3)
12.8 Thesis Editing
316(3)
Bibliography
318(1)
13 Tables and Illustrations
319(18)
13.1 Making of a Table
319(2)
13.2 Arrangement of Data in Tables
321(2)
13.3 Illustrations
323(2)
13.4 Bar Diagrams
325(5)
13.5 Pie Diagrams
330(1)
13.6 The Line Graph
330(3)
13.7 Line Drawings
333(1)
13.8 Photographs
334(3)
Bibliography
334(3)
14 Reasoning in Research
337(24)
14.1 Some Logical Terms
337(3)
14.2 Evidences
340(2)
14.3 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
342(3)
14.4 Fallacious Reasoning
345(1)
14.5 Formal and Informal Fallacies
346(1)
14.6 Common Fallacies
347(14)
Bibliography
360(1)
15 References: How to Cite and List Correctly
361(40)
15.1 Importance of Referencing in Documents
362(1)
15.2 Citation and Listing Systems of References
363(5)
15.3 Common Documentation Styles
368(1)
15.4 CSE Style: The Name-Year System
369(1)
15.5 Citation of Sources in the Text
370(6)
15.6 Examples of in-Text References
376(3)
15.7 Listing References in the "References" Section
379(5)
15.8 Examples of Writing References
384(5)
15.9 Websites and Other Online Sources
389(3)
15.10 Reference Management Software
392(9)
Annexure
393(6)
Bibliography
399(2)
16 Improve Your Writing Skills
401(32)
16.1 Use Plain English
401(1)
16.2 Use Paragraphs Properly
402(2)
16.3 Avoid Gender Specific or Discriminatory Language
404(4)
16.4 Titles
408(1)
16.5 Verbs: Care with Tenses
409(3)
16.6 The Active or Passive Voice Dilemma
412(1)
16.7 Be Definite About the Use of the `Articles'
413(2)
16.8 Prepositions
415(2)
16.9 Relative Pronouns: Use the Most Appropriate
417(3)
16.10 Transitional Words and Phrases
420(13)
Bibliography
430(3)
17 Use Appropriate Words and Phrases
433(22)
17.1 Economy in Words
433(3)
17.2 Singular and Plural Words
436(2)
17.3 Commonly Confused Words
438(6)
17.4 Avoid Using More Words Instead of a Single Word
444(2)
17.5 Avoid Unnecessary Qualification of Words
446(3)
17.6 Remove Unnecessary Phrases
449(2)
17.7 Avoid Cliches
451(4)
Bibliography
452(3)
18 Punctuation Marks and Abbreviations
455(20)
18.1 Periods
455(1)
18.2 Comma
456(2)
18.3 Semicolon
458(1)
18.4 Colon
459(1)
18.5 Quotation Marks
460(1)
18.6 Apostrophe
461(1)
18.7 Brackets
462(1)
18.8 Parentheses
462(1)
18.9 Dashes
463(1)
18.10 Hyphens
464(1)
18.11 Virgule
464(1)
18.12 Italics
464(1)
18.13 Capitals
465(3)
18.14 Abbreviation, Initialism, and Acronym
468(7)
Annexure: Abbreviations Commonly Used in Writing
470(2)
Bibliography
472(3)
19 Units and Numbers
475(22)
19.1 Units and Dimensions
475(1)
19.2 A Brief History of the Units
476(2)
19.3 The SI System
478(8)
19.4 SI Unit Rules and Style Conventions
486(4)
19.5 Non SI Units Accepted for Use
490(1)
19.6 Care with Numerals
491(2)
19.7 Roman and Arabic Numerals
493(4)
Bibliography
494(3)
20 Conference Presentations and Posters
497(26)
20.1 Scientific Meetings
497(1)
20.2 General Features of a Scientific Conference
498(4)
20.3 Planning and Delivering a Presentation
502(10)
20.4 Preparing Good Presentation Slides
512(4)
20.5 Poster Presentation in Meetings
516(3)
20.6 Students' Seminar
519(1)
20.7 Group and Panel Discussion
520(3)
Bibliography
521(2)
21 Guidelines for Successful Lecturing
523(20)
21.1 Qualities of a Good Lecturer
524(2)
21.2 Planning for Lecture
526(3)
21.3 The Process of Lecturing
529(4)
21.4 Use Visual Aids Effectively
533(2)
21.5 Sustain the Interest of Students
535(1)
21.6 Improve Motivation of Students
536(2)
21.7 Build Rapport with the Students
538(1)
21.8 Plan and Prepare for Group Work
538(1)
21.9 Conduct of Examinations
539(4)
Bibliography
540(3)
22 Note Taking, Note Making, and Assignments
543(26)
22.1 The Issue of Forgetting and Recall
544(1)
22.2 Note Taking
545(4)
22.3 Note Taking Systems
549(5)
22.4 Listening and Note Taking
554(2)
22.5 Note Making
556(2)
22.6 Note Making from Text Books
558(2)
22.7 Assignments as a Part of Learning
560(1)
22.8 Essay Assignments
561(6)
22.9 Writing Style
567(2)
Bibliography
568(1)
23 Ethics and Related Issues in Research
569(22)
23.1 Nuremberg Code and After
570(1)
23.2 Some Concepts in Ethics
570(4)
23.3 Intellectual Property Rights
574(6)
23.4 Fraud and Misconduct in Science
580(4)
23.5 Unscientific Practices in Thesis Work
584(2)
23.6 Ethics in Science Practicals
586(1)
23.7 Whistle Blowing
587(1)
23.8 Scientific Values: Needed a Code of Conduct
588(3)
Bibliography
588(3)
24 Plagiarism: Prevention and Cure
591(20)
24.1 What is Plagiarism?
592(3)
24.2 Acknowledge Sources Appropriately
595(2)
24.3 Paraphrasing
597(4)
24.4 Direct and Indirect Quotations
601(3)
24.5 Summarizing
604(1)
24.6 Evaluation of Text
605(1)
24.7 Plagiarism Checking
606(5)
Bibliography
608(3)
Index 611
Dr. C. George Thomas is Retired Professor and Head in the Department of Agronomy, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur. He held the post of Associate Dean, College of Horticulture as well. He has more than 35 years of experience in teaching, research, and guiding students. Dr. Thomas obtained M.Sc. (Ag.) from Kerala Agricultural University and Ph.D. from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. A renowned science writer, Dr. Thomas has authored 16 books, 90 research papers, and over 250 other articles. He is a recipient of the Karshaka Bharathi award of Govt. of Kerala for his contributions towards farm journalism. 
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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