Foreword |
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iv | |
Preface |
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vii | |
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Part I Introduction to Clinical Research |
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1 | (74) |
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3 | (15) |
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4 | (1) |
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What Research is and What Research is Not |
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4 | (3) |
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The Role of Theory in Research |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (7) |
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Research and the Clinical Practitioner |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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2 How to Read Research: Evaluating Research Articles |
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18 | (10) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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Navigating Scientific Writing |
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22 | (4) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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3 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice: Distinguishing Best Practices |
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28 | (15) |
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29 | (1) |
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What is Evidence-Based Practice? |
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30 | (2) |
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The Role of Theory: Definition and Basic Tenets |
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32 | (3) |
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The Role of Research in EBP |
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35 | (1) |
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How Does the Clinical Practitioner Use Research and EBP? |
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35 | (5) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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4 EBM: A Historical Perspective |
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43 | (9) |
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44 | (1) |
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History and Direction of Clinical Fields |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Practice |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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5 Ethics and Responsible Conduct in Research and Clinical Practice |
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52 | (23) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Model of Interpretative Practice |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (3) |
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Ethical Principles and Human Participation Protections |
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61 | (6) |
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Medical Research Combined with Medical Care |
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67 | (1) |
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Military and Other Special Interest Research |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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Part II Seeking Answers: How the Question Drives the Methods |
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75 | (138) |
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6 Finding the Evidence: Informational Sources, Search Strategies, and Critical Appraisal |
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77 | (12) |
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78 | (1) |
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Informational Sources and the Reference Librarian |
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78 | (1) |
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Electronic Sources and Databases |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Critical Review and Appraisal |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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7 The Hierarchy of Evidence |
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89 | (19) |
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90 | (1) |
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Evidence Across Patient Care |
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91 | (1) |
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Is All Evidence Equal? Levels of Evidence |
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92 | (11) |
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Relevance of Evidence to Problem |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (16) |
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109 | (1) |
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What is Qualitative Inquiry? |
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109 | (1) |
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Objectives of Qualitative Research |
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110 | (1) |
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Types of Qualitative Research |
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111 | (2) |
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Methods of Qualitative Inquiry |
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113 | (1) |
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Types of Qualitative Data Collection |
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114 | (1) |
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Perspectives and Theoretical Traditions |
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115 | (4) |
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Validity in Qualitative Research (Credibility) |
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119 | (1) |
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Reliability of Qualitative Research (Dependability) |
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119 | (1) |
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Health Professional As Being "On" While On the Job |
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120 | (1) |
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The Health Profession and Professionals as a Community with Multiple Roles |
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120 | (1) |
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Qualitative and Quantitative Integration |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (15) |
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125 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Quantitative Inquiry |
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125 | (11) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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10 Validity and Reliability |
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139 | (16) |
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140 | (1) |
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Types of Quantitative Data |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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Reliability, Agreement, and Precision of Measures |
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145 | (8) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (39) |
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156 | (1) |
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Selecting Statistics and Types of Data |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (5) |
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165 | (2) |
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Alpha Values and Types of Error |
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167 | (2) |
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Complex Designs and Terminology |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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Planned Comparison and Post-Hoc Analysis |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (3) |
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Significance and Confidence Intervals |
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178 | (5) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (3) |
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Mann---Whitney U Example Scenario |
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187 | (2) |
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A Note on Parametric Analysis of Ordinal Data |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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12 Measures of Association |
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194 | (19) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (7) |
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205 | (2) |
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Managing Ordinal and Nominal Data |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Part III Clinical Research: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment |
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213 | (114) |
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13 Evaluation and Diagnosis: Research Methods and Data Analysis |
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215 | (24) |
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216 | (1) |
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Physical Examination Procedures |
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217 | (1) |
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How Can Clinical Research Improve Patient Evaluation? |
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218 | (1) |
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Design of Studies of Diagnostic Testing |
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219 | (3) |
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Assessing Research of Diagnostic Instruments |
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222 | (2) |
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Statistics and Interpretations |
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224 | (2) |
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The Basics---Sensitivity and Specificity |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (7) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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14 Screening and Prevention of Illness and Injuries: Research Methods and Data Analysis |
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239 | (20) |
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240 | (1) |
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Model of Injury Prevention |
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240 | (2) |
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Risk Identification: Research Design Issues |
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242 | (6) |
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Estimating Injury Rates and Risks |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (2) |
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257 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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15 Treatment Outcomes Across the Disablement Spectrum |
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259 | (14) |
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260 | (1) |
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Types of Outcomes Measures |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (4) |
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Clinician-Derived Measures |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Condition-, Region-, or Dimension-Specific Measures |
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267 | (1) |
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Single Item Outcomes Measures |
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268 | (1) |
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Choosing the Appropriate Outcomes Instruments |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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16 Treatment Outcomes: Research Methods and Data Analysis |
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273 | (21) |
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274 | (1) |
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Building an Infrastructure to Measure Treatment Outcomes |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (7) |
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Data Analysis: Statistical Significance versus Clinical Meaningfulness |
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282 | (7) |
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Clinical Prediction Rules |
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289 | (2) |
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Comprehensive Data Analysis |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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17 Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Prediction Rules |
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294 | (12) |
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295 | (1) |
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Clinical Prediction Guides |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (2) |
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Clinical Practice Guidelines |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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Diagnostic Practice Guidelines and Grade of Recommendation |
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302 | (1) |
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Additional Considerations |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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18 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
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306 | (21) |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (2) |
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Traditional Literature Review versus Systematic Review |
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311 | (2) |
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Systematic Review as a Research Process |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
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Considerations for Applying the Results from Systematic Review to the Care of the Individual Patient |
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317 | (7) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Part IV Dissemination of Research |
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327 | (54) |
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19 Presentation of Findings |
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329 | (17) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (14) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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20 Writing the Funding Proposal |
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346 | (35) |
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346 | (1) |
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History and Culture of Grants |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (3) |
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Grant Writing for the Twenty-First Century: A Recipe for Success |
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353 | (4) |
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Grant Writing versus Publication Authorship |
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357 | (13) |
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370 | (5) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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Part V Integrating Evidence-Based Medicine into the Educational Experience |
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381 | (24) |
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21 Evidence in Learning and Teaching |
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383 | (13) |
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384 | (1) |
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Learning Critical Appraisal |
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385 | (2) |
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Learning and Teaching from a Body of Evidence |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (2) |
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Promoting Learning and Assessing Outcomes |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (2) |
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22 The Clinical Experience |
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396 | (9) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (3) |
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400 | (3) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking Questions |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
Glossary |
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405 | (10) |
Index |
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415 | |