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Research Methods: A Framework for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 448 pages, height x width: 229x178 mm, weight: 635 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Nov-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
  • ISBN-10: 0781797683
  • ISBN-13: 9780781797689
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 448 pages, height x width: 229x178 mm, weight: 635 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Nov-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
  • ISBN-10: 0781797683
  • ISBN-13: 9780781797689
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
"This research methods textbook distinguishes itself from other textbooks by providing a unique framework and perspective for users/students to establish the relevancy of research in their clinical practice. Many, if not most, students in professional preparation allied health care programs view the research methods/statistics course requirement of the curriculum as an obstacle to be overcome, or at best, as a necessary evil. Most research methods textbooks promote these notions because of the way they are presented. Of course, most times they are written by researchers or statisticians and are absolutely correct in presenting the theoretical underpinnings and mechanistic applications of the scientific method. They correctly present explanations as to why one type of methodology requires a certain type of statistical analysis based on the characteristics of the study population, the type of data collected, or the underlying assumptions pertinent to a specific statistical model. So, while technically beyond reproach, their failure is in establishing how and why research activity and understanding is integral to a professional practice"--Provided by publisher.

This first edition research book is specifically geared toward rehab professionals, including physical therapists and athletic trainers. It brings clinical application into the interpretation of evidence-based research, which is missing from many of the books on the market. As practicing according to evidence becomes increasingly important, an ability to interpret and apply knowledge for use in the clinical setting will be crucial.



This first edition research book is specifically geared toward rehab professionals, including physical therapists and athletic trainers. It brings clinical application into the interpretation of evidence-based research, which is missing from many of the books on the market. As practicing according to evidence becomes increasingly important, an ability to interpret and apply knowledge for use in the clinical setting will be crucial.
Foreword iv
Preface vii
Part I Introduction to Clinical Research
1(74)
1 Research: An Overview
3(15)
Introduction
4(1)
What Research is and What Research is Not
4(3)
The Role of Theory in Research
7(1)
The Research Process
7(7)
Research and the Clinical Practitioner
14(1)
Chapter Summary
15(1)
Key Points
15(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
16(1)
Applying Concepts
16(1)
References
16(1)
Suggested Reading
17(1)
2 How to Read Research: Evaluating Research Articles
18(10)
Introduction
19(1)
Whereabouts
20(2)
Navigating Scientific Writing
22(4)
Chapter Summary
26(1)
Key Points
26(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
27(1)
Applying Concepts
27(1)
Suggested Reading
27(1)
3 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice: Distinguishing Best Practices
28(15)
Introduction
29(1)
What is Evidence-Based Practice?
30(2)
The Role of Theory: Definition and Basic Tenets
32(3)
The Role of Research in EBP
35(1)
How Does the Clinical Practitioner Use Research and EBP?
35(5)
Chapter Summary
40(1)
Key Points
40(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
41(1)
Applying Concepts
41(1)
References
41(1)
Suggested Reading
42(1)
4 EBM: A Historical Perspective
43(9)
Introduction
44(1)
History and Direction of Clinical Fields
45(1)
Research in Medicine
46(1)
Clinical Research
47(1)
Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Practice
48(1)
Chapter Summary
49(1)
Key Points
50(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
50(1)
Applying Concepts
51(1)
References
51(1)
5 Ethics and Responsible Conduct in Research and Clinical Practice
52(23)
Introduction
53(1)
General Background
54(1)
Model of Interpretative Practice
55(3)
Historical Context
58(3)
Ethical Principles and Human Participation Protections
61(6)
Medical Research Combined with Medical Care
67(1)
Military and Other Special Interest Research
68(2)
Chapter Summary
70(1)
Key Points
71(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
71(1)
Applying Concepts
71(2)
References
73(1)
Suggested Reading
73(2)
Part II Seeking Answers: How the Question Drives the Methods
75(138)
6 Finding the Evidence: Informational Sources, Search Strategies, and Critical Appraisal
77(12)
Introduction
78(1)
Informational Sources and the Reference Librarian
78(1)
Electronic Sources and Databases
79(1)
Search Strategies
80(1)
Critical Review and Appraisal
81(5)
Chapter Summary
86(1)
Key Points
86(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
87(1)
Applying Concepts
87(1)
References
88(1)
7 The Hierarchy of Evidence
89(19)
Introduction
90(1)
Evidence Across Patient Care
91(1)
Is All Evidence Equal? Levels of Evidence
92(11)
Relevance of Evidence to Problem
103(1)
Chapter Summary
104(1)
Key Points
105(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
106(1)
Applying Concepts
106(1)
References
106(2)
8 Qualitative Inquiry
108(16)
Introduction
109(1)
What is Qualitative Inquiry?
109(1)
Objectives of Qualitative Research
110(1)
Types of Qualitative Research
111(2)
Methods of Qualitative Inquiry
113(1)
Types of Qualitative Data Collection
114(1)
Perspectives and Theoretical Traditions
115(4)
Validity in Qualitative Research (Credibility)
119(1)
Reliability of Qualitative Research (Dependability)
119(1)
Health Professional As Being "On" While On the Job
120(1)
The Health Profession and Professionals as a Community with Multiple Roles
120(1)
Qualitative and Quantitative Integration
121(1)
Chapter Summary
121(1)
Key Points
122(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
122(1)
Applying Concepts
122(1)
Acknowledgment
122(1)
References
123(1)
9 Quantitative Inquiry
124(15)
Introduction
125(1)
Characteristics of Quantitative Inquiry
125(11)
Chapter Summary
136(1)
Key Points
137(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
137(1)
Applying Concepts
137(1)
Suggested Reading
138(1)
10 Validity and Reliability
139(16)
Introduction
140(1)
Types of Quantitative Data
140(1)
Validity
141(4)
Reliability, Agreement, and Precision of Measures
145(8)
Chapter Summary
153(1)
Key Points
153(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
153(1)
Applying Concepts
154(1)
References
154(1)
Suggested Reading
154(1)
11 Tests of Comparison
155(39)
Introduction
156(1)
Selecting Statistics and Types of Data
157(3)
Analysis of Variance
160(5)
Interpreting F
165(2)
Alpha Values and Types of Error
167(2)
Complex Designs and Terminology
169(1)
Interaction
170(2)
Levels of Variables
172(1)
Planned Comparison and Post-Hoc Analysis
173(1)
Analysis of Covariance
174(1)
T-Tests
175(3)
Significance and Confidence Intervals
178(5)
Effect Sizes
183(1)
Nonparametric Statistics
184(3)
Mann---Whitney U Example Scenario
187(2)
A Note on Parametric Analysis of Ordinal Data
189(1)
Chapter Summary
190(1)
Key Points
191(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
192(1)
Applying Concepts
192(1)
References
193(1)
Suggested Reading
193(1)
12 Measures of Association
194(19)
Introduction
195(1)
Purpose and Methods
195(2)
Data Analysis
197(1)
Regression
198(7)
Interpreting p and R2
205(2)
Managing Ordinal and Nominal Data
207(3)
Association versus Cause
210(1)
Chapter Summary
211(1)
Key Points
211(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
212(1)
Applying Concepts
212(1)
References
212(1)
Suggested Reading
212(1)
Part III Clinical Research: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment
213(114)
13 Evaluation and Diagnosis: Research Methods and Data Analysis
215(24)
Introduction
216(1)
Physical Examination Procedures
217(1)
How Can Clinical Research Improve Patient Evaluation?
218(1)
Design of Studies of Diagnostic Testing
219(3)
Assessing Research of Diagnostic Instruments
222(2)
Statistics and Interpretations
224(2)
The Basics---Sensitivity and Specificity
226(3)
Likelihood Ratios
229(7)
Chapter Summary
236(1)
Key Points
236(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
237(1)
Applying Concepts
237(1)
References
237(1)
Suggested Reading
238(1)
14 Screening and Prevention of Illness and Injuries: Research Methods and Data Analysis
239(20)
Introduction
240(1)
Model of Injury Prevention
240(2)
Risk Identification: Research Design Issues
242(6)
Estimating Injury Rates and Risks
248(3)
Statistical Analysis
251(4)
Chapter Summary
255(2)
Key Points
257(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
257(1)
Applying Concepts
257(1)
References
258(1)
15 Treatment Outcomes Across the Disablement Spectrum
259(14)
Introduction
260(1)
Types of Outcomes Measures
260(1)
Disablement Models
261(4)
Clinician-Derived Measures
265(1)
Patient Self-Report
266(1)
Global Health Measures
266(1)
Condition-, Region-, or Dimension-Specific Measures
267(1)
Single Item Outcomes Measures
268(1)
Choosing the Appropriate Outcomes Instruments
269(2)
Chapter Summary
271(1)
Key Points
271(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
271(1)
Applying Concepts
272(1)
References
272(1)
16 Treatment Outcomes: Research Methods and Data Analysis
273(21)
Introduction
274(1)
Building an Infrastructure to Measure Treatment Outcomes
274(1)
Study Designs
275(7)
Data Analysis: Statistical Significance versus Clinical Meaningfulness
282(7)
Clinical Prediction Rules
289(2)
Comprehensive Data Analysis
291(1)
Chapter Summary
291(1)
Key Points
291(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
292(1)
Applying Concepts
292(1)
References
293(1)
Suggested Reading
293(1)
17 Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Prediction Rules
294(12)
Introduction
295(1)
Clinical Prediction Guides
295(2)
Data Analysis
297(2)
Clinical Practice Guidelines
299(3)
Levels of Evidence
302(1)
Diagnostic Practice Guidelines and Grade of Recommendation
302(1)
Additional Considerations
303(1)
Chapter Summary
303(1)
Key Points
304(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
304(1)
Applying Concepts
304(1)
References
305(1)
18 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
306(21)
Introduction
307(2)
Systematic Review
309(2)
Traditional Literature Review versus Systematic Review
311(2)
Systematic Review as a Research Process
313(1)
Data Synthesis
314(3)
Meta-Analysis
317(1)
Considerations for Applying the Results from Systematic Review to the Care of the Individual Patient
317(7)
Chapter Summary
324(1)
Key Points
324(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
325(1)
Applying Concepts
325(1)
References
326(1)
Part IV Dissemination of Research
327(54)
19 Presentation of Findings
329(17)
Introduction
330(1)
Types of Presentations
330(14)
Chapter Summary
344(1)
Key Points
344(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
344(1)
Applying Concepts
345(1)
References
345(1)
20 Writing the Funding Proposal
346(35)
Introduction
346(1)
History and Culture of Grants
347(1)
Grant versus Contract
348(2)
Sources of Funding
350(3)
Grant Writing for the Twenty-First Century: A Recipe for Success
353(4)
Grant Writing versus Publication Authorship
357(13)
Preparing a Budget
370(5)
Chapter Summary
375(2)
Key Points
377(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
378(1)
Applying Concepts
378(1)
References
378(1)
Suggested Reading
379(2)
Part V Integrating Evidence-Based Medicine into the Educational Experience
381(24)
21 Evidence in Learning and Teaching
383(13)
Introduction
384(1)
Learning Critical Appraisal
385(2)
Learning and Teaching from a Body of Evidence
387(1)
Problem-Based Learning
388(2)
Promoting Learning and Assessing Outcomes
390(1)
Chapter Summary
391(2)
Key Points
393(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
394(1)
Applying Concepts
394(1)
References
394(2)
22 The Clinical Experience
396(9)
Introduction
397(1)
Case Reports
397(3)
Grand Rounds
400(3)
Chapter Summary
403(1)
Key Points
403(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
404(1)
Applying Concepts
404(1)
References
404(1)
Glossary 405(10)
Index 415