Preface to the Second Edition |
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xiii | |
Preface to the Third Edition |
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xv | |
The Authors |
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xvii | |
Endorsements for the book |
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xix | |
Key Features of this Book |
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xx | |
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1 | (12) |
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`Why do I have to do this?' |
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1 | (3) |
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The structure of this book and an overview of the chapters |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (3) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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11 | (2) |
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2 Research in Psychology: Objectives and Ideals |
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13 | (20) |
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What is psychological research and why do it? |
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13 | (3) |
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How does psychological research progress? |
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16 | (6) |
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Principles of good research |
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22 | (7) |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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Objective and ideals: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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33 | (5) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Psychological measurement |
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39 | (9) |
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48 | (8) |
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The quasi-experimental method |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (3) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (1) |
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Research methods: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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66 | (4) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (35) |
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Choosing an independent variable |
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72 | (4) |
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Choosing a dependent variable |
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76 | (3) |
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Choosing an experimental sample |
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79 | (4) |
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Threats to internal validity |
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83 | (9) |
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Threats to external validity |
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92 | (6) |
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98 | (1) |
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Experimental design: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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98 | (5) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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The differences between surveys and experiments |
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106 | (4) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (5) |
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116 | (7) |
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Constructing a questionnaire |
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123 | (3) |
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Conducting research online |
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126 | (2) |
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Overview: Designing a survey |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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Survey design: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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131 | (3) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Different forms of research data |
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136 | (3) |
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Describing a typical score: Measures of central tendency |
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139 | (13) |
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The relationship between measures of central tendency and a response distribution |
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152 | (3) |
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Describing the spread of scores: Measures of dispersion |
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155 | (5) |
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Observed distributions and theoretical distributions: The difference between samples and populations |
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160 | (10) |
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Describing the differences between samples: Introducing effect sizes |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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Descriptive statistics: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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173 | (2) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (4) |
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"I Some Principles of Statistical Inference |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (6) |
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Inferences about individual scores |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (10) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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Statistical inference: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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205 | (3) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (3) |
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8 Examining Differences between Means: The t-test |
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211 | (54) |
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212 | (4) |
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Comparing the results for a single sample with a specific value |
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216 | (6) |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (7) |
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The controversy about what to do with t-values |
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232 | (2) |
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Handling the results of t-tests: The hypothesis-testing approach |
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234 | (10) |
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Other ways of handling the results of t-tests: Probability-level, confidence-interval and effect-size approaches |
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244 | (7) |
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251 | (6) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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t-tests: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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258 | (4) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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9 Examining Relationships between Variables: Correlation |
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265 | (30) |
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Some basic principles of correlation |
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267 | (3) |
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The measurement of correlation |
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270 | (5) |
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Interpreting and making inferences about correlations |
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275 | (4) |
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279 | (8) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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Correlations: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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289 | (2) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (3) |
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10 Comparing Two or More Means by Analysing Variances: ANOVA |
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295 | (48) |
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296 | (3) |
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Comparing multiple means using one-way analysis of variance |
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299 | (8) |
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Another way to explain analysis of variance: Sums of squares and mean squares |
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307 | (5) |
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How big does a difference need to be? Significance testing and effect sizes |
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312 | (3) |
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What does analysis of variance buy us? Some notes on comparing individual means |
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315 | (2) |
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Using F-ratios with and without comparisons planned in advance |
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317 | (3) |
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An introduction to analysis of variance with two independent variables |
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320 | (16) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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ANOVA: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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337 | (3) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (2) |
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11 Analysing Other Forms of Data: Chi-square and Distribution-tree Tests |
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343 | (38) |
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Dealing with a single categorical variable that has two levels: The binomial test |
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347 | (4) |
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Dealing with a single categorical variable that has more than two levels: The chi-square test of goodness of fit |
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351 | (3) |
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Examining the relationship between two categorical variables: The chi-square test of independence for 2 × 2 tables |
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354 | (7) |
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361 | (2) |
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Examining differences between two groups with relaxed assumptions: The Mann-Whitney test |
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363 | (7) |
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Some options for other cases |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (1) |
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Other forms of data: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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376 | (3) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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12 Classical Qualitative Methods |
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381 | (40) |
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A classical critique of quantitative approaches |
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383 | (4) |
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Classical methods of collecting qualitative data |
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387 | (2) |
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Some general principles for collecting and analysing qualitative data |
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389 | (2) |
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Examples of classical qualitative research methods |
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391 | (22) |
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Critiques of classical qualitative methods |
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413 | (2) |
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415 | (1) |
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Classical qualitative methods: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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416 | (2) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (2) |
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13 Contextual Qualitative Methods |
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421 | (34) |
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A contextual critique of quantitative approaches |
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422 | (5) |
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Examples of contextual qualitative research methods |
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427 | (18) |
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Critiques of contextual qualitative methods |
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445 | (2) |
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Conclusion: The challenge of contextual qualitative methods |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (1) |
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Contextual qualitative methods: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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449 | (3) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (3) |
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455 | (24) |
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455 | (4) |
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459 | (2) |
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Ethical risks associated with participation in research |
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461 | (9) |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (2) |
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474 | (1) |
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Research ethics: A checklist for research evaluation and improvement |
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474 | (4) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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478 | (1) |
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15 Conclusion! Managing Uncertainty in Psychological Research |
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479 | (12) |
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`Where has all this got us?' |
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479 | (1) |
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Managing uncertainty in psychological research |
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480 | (8) |
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488 | (1) |
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489 | (1) |
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Discussion/essay questions |
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490 | (1) |
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Appendix A Writing Research Reports in Psychology |
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491 | (22) |
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491 | (1) |
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491 | (2) |
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493 | (7) |
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500 | (2) |
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502 | (3) |
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505 | (1) |
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505 | (2) |
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507 | (1) |
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Sample psychology research report |
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507 | (6) |
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Appendix B Areas under the Standard Normal Curve |
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513 | (4) |
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Appendix C Answers to Exercises |
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517 | (22) |
References |
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539 | (10) |
Author Index |
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549 | (4) |
Subject Index |
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553 | |