Foreword |
|
xi | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xv | |
Acronyms |
|
xvii | |
Introduction |
|
xix | |
|
1 The Relation Between Science, Theory of Architecture, and Practice |
|
|
1 | (65) |
|
1.1 A Brief History of Architectural Development Perceived as a Practical Discipline |
|
|
4 | (4) |
|
1.2 Causes of Development of Science in Architecture and Urban Planning |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
1.3 Drawbacks of Science in Architecture |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
1.4 Inter-, Multi-, and Transdisciplinarity of Architecture and Urban Planning |
|
|
11 | (3) |
|
1.5 Architecture as a Science: Literature Overview |
|
|
14 | (17) |
|
The Philosophical Reflection Trend: Literature Analysis |
|
|
15 | (5) |
|
A Research Trend in Architecture Aimed at Perfecting Design Practice |
|
|
20 | (6) |
|
Scientific Research Trend in Architecture |
|
|
26 | (5) |
|
1.6 Scientific Theories in Architecture: Select Examples |
|
|
31 | (35) |
|
The Environmental Theories That Influence the Creation of a New Paradigm of Architecture |
|
|
32 | (8) |
|
The Environmental Design Theory of Jon Lang |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
Kevin Lynch's Theory of the Urban Space Structure |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
The Theory of the Sign of Robert Venturi: Architecture as a Means of Communication |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
The Privacy Gradient and Oscar Newman's "Defensible Space" Theory |
|
|
46 | (5) |
|
Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language: The Theory of Form Synthesis |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
The Theory of the Phenomenological Approach of Christian Norberg-Schulz |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Stewart Brand's Theory of Transitions and a Stratified Construction of Architectural Objects |
|
|
53 | (3) |
|
Select Theoretical Conceptions Pertaining to the Research on Space Structure |
|
|
56 | (4) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (5) |
|
2 The General Image of Science |
|
|
66 | (28) |
|
|
66 | (7) |
|
2.2 Philosophy and Its Role in the Development of Science |
|
|
73 | (5) |
|
2.3 Facts and Phenomena: Their Cognition and Interpretation |
|
|
78 | (6) |
|
Philosophical Interpretation of Facts |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Ideological Interpretation: Ideas and Doctrines |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Interpretation of Facts in the Sphere of Practice |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Scientific Interpretation |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Looking at Facts and Other Phenomena in Architecture |
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
2.4 The Processes of Mental Cognition |
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
2.5 Requirements for Research Results |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
2.6 The Attitude of Scholars to Scientific Problems |
|
|
88 | (6) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
3 Basic Notions Applied in Science |
|
|
94 | (19) |
|
3.1 Defining of Notions in Science |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
|
98 | (4) |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
3.4 Laws and Generalizations |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
104 | (7) |
|
Research Assumptions, Theses |
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Dependent and Independent Variables in Empirical Research |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
3.7 The Comparison of Research Methods, Techniques, and Tools |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
4 Scientific Research in Architecture |
|
|
113 | (17) |
|
4.1 The Aims of Research in Architecture |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
4.2 Review of Literature that Pertains to the Methodology of Research in Architecture |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
4.3 The Subject Matter and the Subject of Research in Architecture |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
4.4 Scientific Research and Its Types |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
4.5 Expert Research Versus Participation Research |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
4.6 Methodology of Research Works and Its Component Parts |
|
|
123 | (7) |
|
The Strategy for Conducting Research (Organization, Selection of Methods, Tools, and Research Techniques) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Triangulation of Research |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Monitoring in Scientific Research |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
5 Research Process Designing |
|
|
130 | (8) |
|
5.1 Basic Steps in Research Process Designing |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
5.2 Building the Research Team |
|
|
132 | (4) |
|
5.3 Implementation of Research Results |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
6 Research Methods Applied in Architecture |
|
|
138 | (50) |
|
6.1 The Method of Logical Argumentation: An Analysis and Logical Construction |
|
|
140 | (3) |
|
6.2 The Method Based on Historical-Interpretative or Interpretative Research |
|
|
143 | (5) |
|
6.3 Experimental Research |
|
|
148 | (2) |
|
6.4 The Method of Quantitative and Statistical Research |
|
|
150 | (4) |
|
6.5 Modeling and Simulative Research |
|
|
154 | (5) |
|
|
159 | (14) |
|
POE: A Special Variation of Qualitative Research in Architecture |
|
|
168 | (5) |
|
|
173 | (7) |
|
6.8 Action Research Method: Interventional Research |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
6.9 Heuristic and Forecasting Methods |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
|
183 | (5) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (4) |
|
|
188 | (76) |
|
7.1 Research Techniques and Research Methods |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
7.2 Research Techniques Applied in Architectural Scientific Research |
|
|
189 | (49) |
|
Description, Explanation, and Interpretation |
|
|
193 | (3) |
|
Literature Research, Analysis, and Critique |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
Collecting Documents, Artifacts, Photographs, Drawings, etc. |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
Statistical Techniques and Surveys |
|
|
200 | (10) |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
|
212 | (5) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
|
221 | (6) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (2) |
|
|
230 | (6) |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
7.3 Research Techniques That Support Decision-Making Processes in Design and Strategic Development |
|
|
238 | (20) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Modeling: Physical, Graphic, Virtual |
|
|
239 | (7) |
|
Checklists and Scale Ratings |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (4) |
|
|
251 | (3) |
|
Heuristic and Prognosis Research Techniques |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
Summary of Forecasting Techniques |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (6) |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (4) |
|
8 Practical Activities Connected with the Realization of Research |
|
|
264 | (17) |
|
8.1 Design-Related Research |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
8.2 Tools for Recording Research Results |
|
|
266 | (6) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Cross Tabulations/Matrices |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Graphical Charts, Schemes, Diagrams |
|
|
268 | (4) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
8.3 Tools for Checking the Quality of a Built Environment |
|
|
272 | (4) |
|
8.4 Techniques for Checking Credibility of the Results of Research |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
8.5 Errors in Understanding, Errors in the Interpretation of the Results of Research |
|
|
277 | (4) |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
278 | (3) |
|
|
281 | (6) |
|
9.1 New Research Areas in Architecture |
|
|
282 | (3) |
|
9.2 The Role of Professional Organizations in Science Development in Architecture |
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
Appendix 1 Preamble, Title Page, Surveys, Authorization for the Interviewer |
|
287 | (5) |
Appendix 2 The List of Research Tools Used When Checking the Quality of the Objects and Projects Based on Select Qualitative Criteria |
|
292 | (4) |
Appendix 3 Questions in Surveys and Interviews |
|
296 | (2) |
Appendix 4 Checklists of Quality Criteria for Nursing Homes for the Elderly |
|
298 | (4) |
Appendix 5 A Comparison of Factors and Attributes That Influence the Total Wear of the Real Estate |
|
302 | (8) |
Appendix 6 AEDET: General Issues |
|
310 | (6) |
Bibliography |
|
316 | (11) |
Index |
|
327 | |