| Introduction |
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xvii | |
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1 Welcome to the Information Fog |
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1 | (25) |
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1.1 Before there was print |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (4) |
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1.4 Enter the World Wide Web |
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9 | (3) |
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1.5 Information today: The state of the art |
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12 | (9) |
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12 | (2) |
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1.5.2 Journals and magazines |
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14 | (4) |
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1.5.3 Government and corporate documents |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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1.6 Primary and secondary information sources |
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21 | (3) |
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1.7 Warning: Not all information is informative |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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2 What is this Thing Called "Scholarship" and Why Does it Matter? |
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26 | (17) |
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27 | (6) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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2.1.4 What about not fitting in? |
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31 | (2) |
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2.2 Scholarship in Practice |
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33 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Authority is constructed and contextual |
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33 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Information creation as a process |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Information has value |
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36 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Research as inquiry |
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37 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Scholarship as conversation |
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38 | (2) |
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2.2.6 Searching as strategic exploration |
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40 | (1) |
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2.3 Who determines what is academic/scholarly? |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (28) |
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3.1 Wrestling with a topic |
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45 | (1) |
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3.2 Elements of inadequate research |
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46 | (1) |
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3.3 The key to great research |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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3.5 Getting started in research |
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51 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Getting a working knowledge through reference sources |
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51 | (4) |
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3.5.2 Excursus: Wikipedia, the professor's dilemma |
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55 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Full text reference tools |
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56 | (1) |
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3.6 Finding a good question |
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57 | (7) |
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3.6.1 Narrowing the topic |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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3.6.4 Research questions: The bad and the ugly |
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60 | (4) |
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3.7 The preliminary outline |
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64 | (2) |
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3.8 How about a few good examples? |
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66 | (3) |
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3.8.1 "The thought of Erasmus of Rotterdam" |
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66 | (1) |
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3.8.2 "Teenage Alcoholism" |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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3.8.4 "Behaviorism as a model for social engineering" |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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Practice with research questions |
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70 | (1) |
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Assignment for a research project of your own |
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70 | (1) |
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4 Database Searching with Keywords and Hierarchies |
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71 | (24) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (11) |
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4.2.1 Database basics for keyword searching |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (8) |
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4.3 Keyword searching with hierarchies |
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84 | (5) |
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84 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Clustering search tools |
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87 | (1) |
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4.3.2.1 Carrot2 (https://search.carrot2.org/#/web) |
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88 | (1) |
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4.3.2.2 Yippy (http://www.yippy.com/) |
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89 | (1) |
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4.4 Keyword searching: The good, bad, and ugly |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (5) |
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90 | (1) |
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Practice with keywords and hierarchies |
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91 | (1) |
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Suggested key to practice with keywords |
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92 | (2) |
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Assignment for a research project of your own |
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94 | (1) |
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5 Metadata and the Power of Controlled Vocabularies |
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95 | (24) |
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5.1 It's all about the metadata |
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96 | (1) |
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5.2 Understanding metadata |
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97 | (2) |
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5.3 Metadata in practice: The database record |
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99 | (2) |
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5.4 Controlled vocabularies |
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101 | (2) |
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5.5 Library of Congress Subject Headings |
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103 | (7) |
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5.6 Working the angles---Identifying controlled vocabularies |
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110 | (3) |
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5.6.1 Discovery search tools and Library catalogs |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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5.7 Getting more creative---combining keyword and controlled vocabulary searching |
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113 | (2) |
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5.8 Keeping on track with controlled vocabularies |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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Practice with controlled vocabularies |
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116 | (1) |
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Suggested key to practice with controlled vocabularies |
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117 | (1) |
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Assignment for a research project of your own |
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118 | (1) |
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6 Discovery Searches, Library Catalogs and Journal Databases |
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119 | (38) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (8) |
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6.2.1 Making book searching work for you |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (13) |
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6.3.1 Some background on the journal scene |
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132 | (5) |
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6.3.2 Introduction to journal databases |
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137 | (5) |
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6.3.3 RSS feeds / alerts from journal databases |
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142 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Table of contents alerts |
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142 | (1) |
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6.4 Approaching journal databases: Tips and hints |
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142 | (5) |
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6.4.1 Be prepared for challenges |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Be aware that databases tend to be something of a black box |
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143 | (1) |
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6.4.4 Resist the urge to fill the search box with words |
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144 | (1) |
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6.4.5 Think about staging (faceting) your search |
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144 | (1) |
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6.4.6 Look for controlled vocabularies and advanced searches |
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144 | (1) |
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6.4.7 Think before you search |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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6.4.9 When in doubt, use the instructions |
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146 | (1) |
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6.4.10 Remain calm and get help if you need it |
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146 | (1) |
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6.4.11 Sometimes problems arise because you're using the wrong database |
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146 | (1) |
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6.4.12 Check out the possibilities of interlibrary loan |
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147 | (1) |
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6.5 Citation searches, related articles and reference lists: Alternative ways of searching |
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147 | (4) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (3) |
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6.6 Trying out a live journal database |
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151 | (2) |
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6.7 Varieties of the journal database |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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Practice with journal databases |
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156 | (1) |
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Assignment for a project of your own |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (35) |
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7.1 A brief introduction to the Net |
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159 | (1) |
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7.2 Google Scholar and other free academic search engines on the Net |
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160 | (10) |
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7.2.1 Why start with academic search engines? |
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160 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com) |
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160 | (7) |
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7.2.3 Microsoft Academic (https://academic. microsoft.com/) |
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167 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Dimensions (https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication) |
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167 | (1) |
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7.2.5 BASE (http://www.base-search.net/) |
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168 | (1) |
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7.2.6 CiteSeerX (http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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7.3 Search engines for the rest of humanity: Google and friends |
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170 | (11) |
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7.3.1 Searching by search engine, using keywords |
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170 | (2) |
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7.3.2 A basic introduction to the best search engines |
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172 | (7) |
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7.3.3 Non-tracking search engines |
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179 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Notifications from search engines |
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180 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Semantic search engines |
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180 | (1) |
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7.4 Searching by subject tree |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (2) |
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7.6.1 What do we mean by "Hidden?" |
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182 | (1) |
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7.6.2 What's in the Hidden Internet? |
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183 | (1) |
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7.6.3 How do I find information on the Hidden Internet? |
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183 | (1) |
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7.7 Social Media as an Information Source |
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184 | (1) |
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7.8 Evaluating information from the Internet and Social Media |
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185 | (3) |
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7.9 Some more Internet addresses valuable for research purposes |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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7.9.2 Searchable library book catalogs |
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189 | (1) |
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7.9.3 Phone directories (for anyone still using a home phone) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (3) |
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189 | (1) |
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Practice with the Internet |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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8 Other Resources and Case Studies in Research |
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192 | (27) |
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8.1 Seeing where you've been |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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8.4 Doctoral dissertations |
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199 | (1) |
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8.5 Bibliographic managers |
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200 | (3) |
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8.5.1 EndNote (http://www.myendnoteweb.com/) |
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201 | (1) |
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8.5.2 RefWorks (https://refworks.proquest.com/) |
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201 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Zotero (http://www.zotero.org/) |
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202 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Mendeley (https://www.mendeley.com/) |
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202 | (1) |
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8.6 Consulting with friends, mentors and librarians |
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203 | (1) |
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8.6.1 What are good friends for? |
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203 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Consulting professors |
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203 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Finding shelter among librarians |
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204 | (1) |
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8.7 Case studies in research |
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204 | (12) |
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8.7.1 "Arctic Ice Issues Resulting from Climate Change" |
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204 | (7) |
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8.7.2 "The First Crusade" |
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211 | (5) |
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216 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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Practice with resources introduced in this chapter |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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9 Learning How to Read for Research |
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219 | (28) |
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9.1 Reading for the connoisseur and the glutton |
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220 | (8) |
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221 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Get to know the material without reading it all |
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222 | (5) |
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9.1.3 A final word on analytical reading |
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227 | (1) |
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9.2 Evaluation of research resources |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (8) |
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9.3.1 The determined photo-copier/printer/e-doc highlighter |
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231 | (3) |
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9.3.2 The value of going all digital |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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9.3.5 The sentence by sentence rewriter (not recommended in most cases) |
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237 | (1) |
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9.3.6 Which method is best? |
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238 | (1) |
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9.4 Further notes on note-taking |
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238 | (3) |
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9.5 A gentle warning about the horrible crime of plagiarism |
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241 | (4) |
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9.5.1 Why get stressed about plagiarism? |
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242 | (1) |
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9.5.2 About getting caught |
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243 | (1) |
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9.5.3 International students and plagiarism |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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10 Organizing Your Resources to Write your Paper |
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247 | (14) |
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10.1 Your notes, photocopies and printouts |
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248 | (2) |
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10.1.1 Organizing digital notes |
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248 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Organizing your paper-based notes |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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253 | (3) |
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10.4 A Second Method for Note Organization |
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256 | (3) |
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10.5 Tips on Indexing your notes for larger assignments |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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11 Tips on Research Writing |
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261 | (22) |
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11.1 The research question and final outline |
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262 | (7) |
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11.1.1 Step one: The research question/thesis statement |
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262 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Step two: Preliminary outline headings |
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263 | (1) |
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11.1.3 Step three: Organizing the headings |
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263 | (6) |
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11.2 Some tips on research writing |
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269 | (12) |
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11.2.1 Introduce your paper well |
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269 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Be focused at all times |
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270 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Always describe before you analyze |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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11.2.7 Aim for clear writing rather than big words and complex sentences |
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273 | (1) |
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11.2.8 Watch out for flawed arguments |
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273 | (2) |
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11.2.9 Know when to quote and when not to quote |
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275 | (1) |
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11.2.10 Know some basic principles for quotations |
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276 | (1) |
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11.2.11 Know the uses of footnotes/endnotes/citations |
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277 | (3) |
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11.2.12 Watch your conclusions |
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280 | (1) |
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11.2.13 Give your final paper a professional look |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Appendix A A research paper clinic: More tips and troubleshooting for development of great research papers |
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283 | (42) |
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284 | (10) |
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A.1.1 Why many research projects miss the target |
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284 | (1) |
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A.1.2 Getting focused by asking the right question |
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285 | (1) |
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A.1.3 The question that isn't there |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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A.1.5 The multi-part question |
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289 | (2) |
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A.1.6 The open-ended question |
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291 | (2) |
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A.1.7 The question that will not fly |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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A.2 Practice with research questions |
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294 | (3) |
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294 | (1) |
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A.2.2 Suggested key for the questions |
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295 | (2) |
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A.3 Types of research papers |
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297 | (3) |
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297 | (1) |
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A.3.2 Analytical or investigative paper |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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A.4 The outline as a research paper guidance system |
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300 | (9) |
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A.4.1 Why worry about an outline early in the research process? |
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300 | (1) |
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A.4.2 Steps to a good outline |
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301 | (4) |
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A.4.3 Practice with outlines |
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305 | (1) |
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A.4.4 Suggested key for practice with outlines |
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306 | (3) |
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A.5 Building the substance of the essay |
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309 | (8) |
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A.5.1 Intent and direction |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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A.5.4 Avoiding theft of other people's work |
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313 | (2) |
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A.5.5 Practice with essay structure |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (6) |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (3) |
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323 | (2) |
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Appendix B Expertise and the search for truth in a post-truth world |
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325 | (14) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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B.3 Trust, Evidence, and Expertise |
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329 | (3) |
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B.3.1 Our struggle with trust |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (2) |
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B.4 The nature of expertise, and why we need to trust it |
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332 | (1) |
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B.5 Some principles for seeking certainty |
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333 | (3) |
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B.5.1 Get a new mindset to combat confirmation bias |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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B.5.3 Never take evaluation for granted |
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335 | (1) |
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B.6 What would truth look like if you found it? |
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336 | (3) |
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Appendix C The links, all in one place |
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339 | (20) |
| Index |
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359 | |
