Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

Researching Communications [Hardback]

(Lecturer of Communication and Media Studies, Loughborough University), , (Reader in the Sociology of Culture, Loughborough University), , (Professor of Sociology, Loughborough University)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 250 pages, height x width x depth: 240x162x24 mm, weight: 880 g, glossary
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-May-1999
  • Izdevniecība: Hodder Arnold
  • ISBN-10: 0340731931
  • ISBN-13: 9780340731932
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 250 pages, height x width x depth: 240x162x24 mm, weight: 880 g, glossary
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-May-1999
  • Izdevniecība: Hodder Arnold
  • ISBN-10: 0340731931
  • ISBN-13: 9780340731932
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Studying communications and the media requires a range of research methods drawn from disciplines as diverse as sociology, psychology, literary analysis, linguistics and economics. This textbook sets out a comprehensive guide for students and researchers on methods for researching communications. As well as explaining the basics and background to differing research methods, it provides examples, illustrative research analyses, and step-by-step guides on how to do research. Covering all aspects of communication research, the book also explains the ethical issues involved in research and sets out questions of objectivity, qualitative and quantitative approaches, and the role of empirical research. The authors use a range of examples to illustrate the chapters, and draw on their experience of teaching media and communication studies at a variety of levels and in many countries. The book includes a glossary of key terms and provides a guide to all facets of researching and communication for the student embarking on a project, or the researcher designing and developing a study.
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
Approaching research
1(13)
Communications and contemporary life
1(1)
Undisciplined study
2(1)
The appliance of science: positivism
3(3)
Making sense: interpretation
6(3)
Choices and circumstances: critical realism
9(4)
Interventions and responsibilities
13(1)
Dealing with documentation
14(26)
Taking advantage
14(4)
Using documentary sources to support your research
18(3)
Off the page: varieties of documentation
21(1)
Accessing archives: major holdings
22(3)
Using archives and collections: practical questions
25(1)
Using documents: questions of evidence
26(4)
Texts and contexts
30(1)
From principles to practice
30(4)
Mapping networks of power: questions of media ownership and control
34(4)
Summary: key points
38(2)
Selecting and sampling
40(22)
Samples, populations and types of sampling
41(1)
Sample error: random errors and constant errors
42(1)
Sample size
42(1)
Non-response
43(1)
Random sampling
44(6)
Non-random sampling
50(10)
Summary: key points
60(2)
Asking questions
62(19)
Question delivery
63(2)
Strengths and weaknesses of delivery methods
65(5)
Final comments on question delivery
70(1)
Types of questions
71(3)
Question ordering
74(1)
Questions to avoid
74(2)
Dealing with answers
76(4)
Summary: key points
80(1)
Handling numbers
81(33)
Why you need to know about numbers
81(3)
Levels of measurement
84(1)
Descriptive statistics
85(3)
Exploring relationships: associations and correlations
88(5)
Visual presentation: using graphs
93(5)
Inferential statistics: using numbers to ask wider questions
98(14)
Summary: key points
112(2)
Counting contents
114(18)
Content analysis
115(2)
Defining your concerns
117(1)
Sampling
118(2)
Deciding what to count
120(3)
Deciding on qualifying criteria
123(1)
Designing a coding frame
124(4)
Collecting data
128(1)
Analysing results
129(2)
Final remarks: what price objectivity?
131(1)
Summary: key points
131(1)
Analysing texts
132(30)
Against academic apartheid
132(3)
Semiotic and structuralist analysis
135(9)
Critical linguistics
144(17)
Summary: key points
161(1)
Unpacking news
162(23)
A sample linguistic analysis
162(12)
Guide to our method of interpretation
174(5)
The limitations of textual analysis
179(4)
Summary: key points
183(2)
Viewing the image
185(23)
From texts to images and back again
185(1)
The camera: an unerring eye?
186(1)
Icon, index and symbol
187(1)
The photographic image
188(1)
Cameraworks: images and experiences
189(7)
Images and words
196(1)
Being realistic
197(3)
Altered images, digital deceptions
200(1)
Moving images: from frames to flows
201(5)
Images and sounds
206(1)
Summary: key points
207(1)
Interpreting images
208(40)
A modern Leviticus
208(12)
Watching the news
220(25)
A summary of our analytical steps
245(2)
Summary: key points
247(1)
Being an observer
248(31)
Why observation?
248(2)
Types of observational methods
250(3)
Structured experimental observation
253(1)
The feminist critique
254(1)
Advantages of observational methods
255(7)
Disadvantages of observational methods
262(6)
Doing observational studies
268(9)
The role of observation
277(1)
Summary: key points
277(2)
Attending to talk
279(25)
Sites and kinds of media talk
281(5)
Recording talk
286(4)
Oral history and the media
290(4)
Preparing for the interview
294(3)
Doing your oral-history interview
297(3)
Assessing your evidence
300(3)
Summary: key points
303(1)
Taking talk apart
304(25)
Talk as interaction
304(1)
Conversation analysis
305(4)
Discourse analysis
309(3)
Talking heads: the political speech and television
312(1)
First step: data
313(7)
Second step: analysis
320(5)
Towards a conclusion
325(2)
Summary: key points
327(2)
Using computers
329(36)
Information seeking and networking
331(5)
Knocking around numbers - SPSS for Windows
336(15)
Analysing qualitative data using NUD*IST
351(13)
Summary: key points
364(1)
Beyond methodology: the what, how and why of researching communications
365(23)
What to research
366(1)
Why to research
367(5)
The `how' of research
372(14)
Researching communications for what? A final thought
386(1)
Summary: key points
386(2)
Glossary1 388(14)
Bibliography 402(15)
Index 417