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E-grāmata: Resilient Communities: Non-Violence and Civilian Agency in Communal War

(Universiteit van Amsterdam)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Oct-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108559942
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Oct-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108559942

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Resilient Communities focuses on civilian agency and mobilization 'from below' and explains violence and non-violence in communal wars. Krause draws on extensive field research on ethno-religious conflict in Indonesia and Nigeria and offers a comparative analysis of (un)successful local peace and resilience building in vulnerable mixed communities.

In Resilient Communities, Jana Krause focuses on civilian agency and mobilization 'from below' and explains violence and non-violence in communal wars. Drawing on extensive field research on ethno-religious conflicts in Ambon/Maluku Province in eastern Indonesia and Jos/Plateau State in central Nigeria, this book shows how civilians responded to local conflict dynamics very differently, evading, supporting, or collectively resisting armed groups. Combining evidence collected from more than 200 interviews with residents, community leaders, and former fighters, local scholarly work (in Indonesian), and local newspaper-based event data analysis, this book explains civilian mobilization, militia formation, and conflict escalation. The book's comparison of vulnerable mixed communities and (un)successful prevention efforts demonstrates how under courageous leadership resilient communities can emerge that adapt to changing conflict zones and collectively prevent killings. By developing the concepts of communal war and social resilience, Krause extends our understanding of local violence, (non-)escalation, and implications for prevention.

Recenzijas

'In exploring how and why low-intensity episodes of violence organized around religious identities sometimes escalate into full-fledged 'communal wars', this book underlines the dynamic interplay between locals and outsiders, while also highlighting civilian agency under conditions of exceptional duress. With this important and timely study based on extensive fieldwork in Nigeria and Indonesia, Krause succeeds in furthering our understanding of political violence.' Stathis Kalyvas, Gladstone Professor of Government, University of Oxford 'Krause's analysis of communal violence in Nigeria and Indonesia makes an important contribution to our understanding of instances when non-violence trumps hatred in ethno-religious conflicts. Her work importantly advances our understanding of how peaceful communities and their institutional capacity emerge, and how people preserve non-violence in the context of a changing conflict zone.' Kristen Monroe, University of California, Irvine 'This is an excellent book: precisely the kind of detailed, field-based analysis needed for a deeper understanding of the nature and dynamics of communal conflict. The book sheds an important light on the ways in which populations and communities caught up in war adapt and respond to the exceptional circumstances in which they find themselves. Krause has made an important contribution to the field.' Mats Berdal, King's College London 'In this fascinating study, Jana Krause turns conflict studies on its head: rather than only asking why violence breaks out, she asks why violence did not occur in some communities. Based on exceptional fieldwork, this eloquent book points to the power of local leadership and collective agency. In a field of study that can sometimes write individual actors out of the story, Krause's analysis brings people, community, and agency back in. Hers is a remarkable study that has lessons for scholars, students, and policymakers alike.' Scott Straus, Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of Political Science and International Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison 'Krause's study offers insights into how civilian agency, institutional capacity, and resilience are enablers to peace. Understanding endogenous structures and capacities, and supporting, rather than replacing them with externally imported models, can become the most effective route to sustainable peace.' Sukanya Podder, International Peacekeeping 'Krause has collected a great deal of rich data and given us much to think about well worth reading and contemplating.' Landon E. Hancock, Perspectives on Politics

Papildus informācija

Focuses on civilian agency and mobilization 'from below' and explains violence and non-violence in communal wars.
List of Figures, Maps, and Tables
vii
Acknowledgements viii
List of Abbreviations
xii
Introduction 1(15)
Puzzles
3(3)
Arguments
6(3)
Research Design
9(3)
Why Read This Book
12(2)
Organization of This Book
14(2)
1 Communal War
16(34)
What Is Communal War?
18(4)
Patterns of Violence in Communal Conflicts
22(11)
Individual and Collective Agency in Communal War
33(6)
Civilian Mobilization and Conflict Escalation
39(10)
Conclusion
49(1)
2 Resilient Communities
50(30)
Why the Riot Literature Does Not Explain Non-Violence
52(4)
How People Prevent Killings
56(6)
The Resilience Lens: Vulnerability and Adaptation
62(5)
Civilian Mobilization, Non-Escalation, and Community Adaptation
67(11)
Conclusion
78(2)
3 Fieldwork in the Context of Communal Conflicts
80(12)
Research Process
81(5)
Interview Process and Ethnographic Observations
86(2)
Challenges
88(4)
4 Indonesia: From Gang Fight to `Religious War' in Ambon, Maluku Province
92(37)
National Context: Indonesia's Regime Change
94(3)
Summary of the Ambon Conflict
97(13)
Communal Violence from Below: Mobilization and Conflict Escalation
110(17)
Conclusion
127(2)
5 (Non-)Violence and Civilian Agency in Ambon, Indonesia
129(41)
Local Geography of Violence
131(1)
Communal Violence in Poka--Rumahtiga: Failed Prevention Efforts
132(13)
Non-Violence in Wayame
145(22)
Conclusion
167(3)
6 Nigeria: A Deadly Conflict Cycle in Jos, Plateau State
170(39)
National Context: Nigeria's Regime Change
172(2)
Summary of the Jos Conflict
174(17)
Communal Violence from Below: Mobilization and Conflict Escalation
191(16)
Conclusion
207(2)
7 (Non-)Violence and Civilian Agency in Jos, Nigeria
209(46)
Local Geography of Violence
210(2)
Communal Violence in Anglo Jos: Failed Prevention Efforts
212(8)
Non-Violence in Dadin Kowa
220(23)
Conclusion
243(2)
Conclusion
245(4)
The Resilience Lens
249(1)
Implications
250(2)
Building Social Resilience in Conflict
252(3)
Bibliography 255(29)
Index 284
Jana Krause is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the Universiteit van Amsterdam.