Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
Chapter 1 Introduction to Wireless Networks: Evolving Communication Technology |
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1 | (20) |
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1.1 Evolution of Wireless Networks |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (7) |
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1.7 Future Trends on Wireless Communication Networks |
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18 | (3) |
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1.7.1 Supporting Cloud Computing |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
Chapter 2 Network Utility Maximization (NUM) Theory |
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21 | (14) |
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2.1 Utility and Utility Function |
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21 | (7) |
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28 | (2) |
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2.3 Application of NUM: Reverse Engineering of TCP Reno |
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30 | (5) |
Chapter 3 Congestion Control Approaches: Primal Algorithm, Dual Algorithm, and Primal-Dual Algorithm |
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35 | (42) |
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3.1 Basic Model for Congestion Control in the Internet |
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37 | (1) |
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3.2 Solving the Saddle Equilibrium Point Equations to Obtain the Individual Flow Rate Vector and the Link Price Vector |
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38 | (4) |
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3.3 Example of Solving the Saddle Equilibrium Point Equations |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (2) |
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3.6 Primal-Dual Algorithm |
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49 | (1) |
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3.7 Stability of Primal-Dual Algorithms toward Satisfactory Performance |
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50 | (22) |
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3.7.1 Analyses to the Primal-Dual Algorithm |
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51 | (4) |
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3.7.2 Stability Results for a Dumbbell Network |
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55 | (4) |
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3.7.3 Applications to Protocol Design and Parameter Setting of FAST TCP |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (5) |
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3.7.5 More Results on Parameter Tuning of FAST TCP |
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65 | (1) |
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3.7.6 Analyses of the FAST TCP Model and Results on Stability |
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66 | (4) |
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3.7.7 Simulation Verification |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.8 Stability Analyses of a Primal-Dual Algorithm: FAST TCP over RED |
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72 | (5) |
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3.8.1 Primal-Dual Model: Definitions and Notations |
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72 | (1) |
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3.8.2 Modified Model of FAST TCP |
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72 | (1) |
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3.8.3 Closed-Loop Feedback System of FAST TCP/RED |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
Chapter 4 FAST TCP and Extensions |
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77 | (28) |
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4.1 Novel Virtual Price FAST TCP Congestion Control Approach |
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77 | (5) |
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4.1.1 Link Algorithm and Source Algorithm |
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78 | (1) |
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4.1.1.1 Link Algorithm: Virtual Pricing Approach |
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78 | (1) |
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4.1.1.2 Source Algorithm: Modified Form of FAST TCP |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (1) |
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4.2 Generalized FAST TCP Scheme |
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82 | (16) |
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4.2.1 Generalized FAST TCP |
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83 | (5) |
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88 | (4) |
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4.2.3 Fairness-Scalability Trade-Off |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (3) |
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4.3 New FAST TCP Variant Considering Packet Loss |
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98 | (7) |
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4.3.1 Optimization Problem |
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99 | (1) |
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4.3.2 New Flow-Level Model of FAST TCP |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
Chapter 5 Fairness and Bandwidth Allocation |
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105 | (28) |
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5.1 General Description of Max-MM Fairness |
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105 | (1) |
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5.2 Max-MM and Min-Max Fairness in Euclidean Spaces |
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106 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Definitions and Uniqueness |
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106 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Max-Min Fairness and Leximin Ordering |
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107 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Existence and Max-MM Achievable Sets |
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108 | (1) |
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5.3 MP Algorithm and WF Algorithm |
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109 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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5.4 Proportional Fairness |
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111 | (11) |
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5.4.1 Fast Transmission Control Protocol: Realization of Weighted PF in Bandwidth Allocation |
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113 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Weighted Proportional Fair and FAST TCP |
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113 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Proportional Fair Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks |
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115 | (7) |
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5.5 (p,beta)-Proportional Fairness |
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122 | (3) |
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5.6 Utility Fairness Index: A New Measure of Fairness for Utility-Aware Bandwidth Allocation |
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125 | (6) |
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125 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Utility Fairness Index |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (4) |
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131 | (1) |
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5.7 Further Discussions on Fair Sharing Resource Policies in the Context of Communication Networks |
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131 | (2) |
Chapter 6 Fair Bandwidth Allocation Algorithms for Ring Metropolitan Area Networks |
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133 | (14) |
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133 | (1) |
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6.2 Basic Concepts of RPR Fairness Algorithms |
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134 | (2) |
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6.3 AM, CM, and DVSR Algorithms |
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136 | (4) |
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6.3.1 Aggressive Mode and Conservative Mode |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (7) |
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6.4.1 Performance Comparisons of AM, CM, and DVSR |
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142 | (5) |
Chapter 7 Efficient and Fair Bandwidth Allocation for Wide and Metropolitan Area Networks |
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147 | (12) |
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147 | (1) |
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7.2 Bandwidth Allocation on a Single Link |
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148 | (1) |
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7.3 New Weight Function for GW Fairness |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (7) |
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150 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Description of the ABA Algorithm |
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150 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Stability Analyses to the ABA Algorithm |
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152 | (5) |
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7.5 Application of the ABA Algorithm to the Ring Metropolitan Area Networks |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
Chapter 8 Trade-Off Approach between the Efficiency and Fairness for Networks |
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159 | (32) |
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8.1 General Background on Fairness and Efficiency Trade-Off Issue |
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159 | (1) |
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8.2 (alpha,beta)-Fairness: General Concept for Balancing the Fairness and Efficiency |
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159 | (4) |
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8.3 Nonlinear Program Formulation in Terms of (alpha,beta)-Fairness |
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163 | (1) |
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8.4 Analyses and Solution Methodologies |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (15) |
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8.5.1 Example 1: Linear Network with Uniform Capacity |
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169 | (3) |
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8.5.2 Example 2: Linear Network with Two Long Flows |
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172 | (4) |
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8.5.3 Example 3: 12-Node Network |
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176 | (4) |
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8.5.4 Example 4: Case with a Remote Node |
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180 | (3) |
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8.6 Resource Allocation in Terms of a-Fairness |
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183 | (6) |
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8.6.1 alpha-Fairness and an Optimization Model for Trade-Off between Total Revenue and Fairness |
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184 | (2) |
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8.6.2 Two Illustrating Examples |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (2) |
Chapter 9 Fairness Comparisons among the Leading High-Speed Protocols |
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191 | (20) |
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9.1 Fairness Comparison between FAST TCP and TCP Reno |
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191 | (9) |
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192 | (4) |
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9.1.2 Fairness Comparison of FAST TCP Versus TCP Reno for a General Network |
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196 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Two Numerical Examples |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (1) |
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9.2 Fairness Comparison between FAST TCP and TCP Vegas |
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200 | (9) |
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9.2.1 General Background, Notations, and Models of TCP Vegas and FAST TCP |
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200 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Equilibrium Conditions, Utility Functions, and Persistent Congestion |
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201 | (2) |
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9.2.3 Comparison of the Fairness of FAST TCP and TCP Vegas |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (1) |
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9.3 Experimental Fairness Comparison among FAST TCP, HSTCP, STCP, and TCP Reno |
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209 | (2) |
Chapter 10 Bidirectional Transmission and an Extension of Network Utility Maximization Model |
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211 | (12) |
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211 | (1) |
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10.2 Performance of Bidirectional Flows |
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212 | (6) |
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10.2.1 Simple Bidirectional Model in a Single Asymmetric Bottleneck Link |
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213 | (3) |
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10.2.2 Complex Bidirectional in a Single-Bottleneck Link |
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216 | (2) |
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10.3 Extended NUM Model from One-Way Flows to Bidirectional Flows |
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218 | (1) |
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10.4 Two Examples of the NUM Model of Bidirectional Flows |
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219 | (4) |
Chapter 11 Traffic Matrix Estimation |
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223 | (14) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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11.3 Methodology and Main Results |
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224 | (4) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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11.3.3 Methodology and Main Results for SVDLM |
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226 | (1) |
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11.3.4 SVDLM Algorithm Description |
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227 | (1) |
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11.3.5 Computational Complexity |
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227 | (1) |
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11.4 Improved Algorithm for Time-Varying Network |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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11.4.2 SVDLM-I Algorithm Description for Time-Varying Network |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (6) |
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235 | (2) |
Chapter 12 Utility-Optimized Aggregate Flow-Level Bandwidth Allocation |
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237 | (20) |
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237 | (2) |
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12.2 Aggregate Flow-Level Bandwidth Allocation: General Model and General Solution |
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239 | (5) |
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12.3 Case of the Routing Matrix Being Full-Row Rank |
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244 | (4) |
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12.4 Utility Function of the Aggregate Flow |
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248 | (4) |
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12.5 Case of the Network with Every Link Having Single-Hop Flow |
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252 | (1) |
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12.6 Application to Bandwidth Provision in IP-VPN Networks |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (2) |
Chapter 13 Bandwidth Allocation of OBS Networks Using the Aggregate Flow Level Network Utility Maximization Approach |
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257 | (28) |
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257 | (1) |
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13.2 Optical Burst Switching Network |
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258 | (3) |
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13.2.1 Edge Nodes of OBS Network |
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258 | (2) |
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13.2.2 Core Nodes of OBS Network |
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260 | |
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259 | (2) |
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13.3 Router-Level Bandwidth Allocation Approach |
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261 | (3) |
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13.3.1 Network Model with a Full Row Rank Routing Matrix |
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263 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Network Model with Every Link Having a Single-Hop Flow |
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264 | (1) |
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13.4 Applications to OBS Networks: Demonstrating Examples |
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264 | (14) |
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13.4.1 OBS Network Model with Three to Seven Nodes |
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265 | (6) |
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13.4.2 OBS Network Model with Four to Nine Nodes |
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271 | (7) |
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13.5 Numerical Plots and Analyses |
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278 | (4) |
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282 | (1) |
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13.6 Novel Algorithm for Bandwidth Allocation of OBS Networks Using the Utility Maximization Approach |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (3) |
Chapter 14 Power Adjusting Algorithm on Mobility Control for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks |
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285 | (16) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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14.3 Propagation Model, Mobility Model, and Network Assumptions |
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288 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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14.3.3 Network Assumptions |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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14.4.1 Description of PAA |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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14.4.3 Method of Distance Estimation |
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292 | (1) |
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14.5 Parameters Setting of PAA |
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293 | (4) |
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14.5.1 Average Distance of Any Two MHs |
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293 | (1) |
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14.5.2 Energy Consumption on Route Discovery |
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294 | (1) |
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14.5.3 Distance Variety between Adjacent MHs on the Routing Path |
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295 | (1) |
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14.5.4 Finding the Optimal Length of the Period |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (2) |
Chapter 15 PCA-Guided Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks |
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301 | (16) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Energy Consumption Model |
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303 | (1) |
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15.3 PCA-Guided Routing Algorithm Model |
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303 | (5) |
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303 | (1) |
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15.3.2 PCA-Guided Clustering Model |
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304 | (3) |
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15.3.2.1 K-Means Clustering Model |
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304 | (1) |
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15.3.2.2 PCA-Guided Relaxation Model |
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305 | (1) |
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15.3.2.3 PCA-Guided Clustering Model |
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306 | (1) |
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15.3.3 PCA-Guided Data Aggregating Model |
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307 | (1) |
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15.4 PCA-Guided Routing Algorithm Solution Strategies |
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308 | (4) |
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15.4.1 Initialization Stage |
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308 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Clusters Splitting Stage |
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309 | (1) |
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15.4.3 Cluster Balancing Stage |
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310 | (1) |
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15.4.4 CHs Selecting Stage |
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311 | (1) |
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15.4.5 Data Aggregating Stage |
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311 | (1) |
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15.4.6 Description for PCA-Guided Routing Algorithm |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (2) |
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314 | (3) |
Chapter 16 Wireless Sensor Networks: Optimally Configuring and Clustering Approaches |
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317 | (28) |
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317 | (1) |
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16.2 Novel Metric for Optimal Clustering |
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318 | (5) |
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16.2.1 Network Assumptions |
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319 | (1) |
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16.2.2 Radio Model and Energy Consumption of a CH |
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319 | (1) |
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16.2.3 Novel Metric: The Time Matrix |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (5) |
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16.3.1 Static Scenario of DOCE |
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324 | (1) |
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16.3.1.1 Evaluate the Network Lifetime by Solving a Min/Min Problem |
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324 | (1) |
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16.3.2 Dynamic Scenario of DOCE |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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16.3.2.2 Assignments of Regular Nodes |
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325 | (1) |
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16.3.2.3 Evaluate Network Lifetime by Solving a Max Problem |
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326 | (1) |
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16.3.3 Description of DOCE |
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326 | (1) |
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16.3.4 Complexity Analysis |
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327 | (1) |
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16.4 Simulation Results of the Optimal Network Configuration Algorithm: DOCE |
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328 | (7) |
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16.4.1 Dynamic Scenario of DOCE |
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329 | (4) |
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16.4.2 Static Scenario of DOCE |
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333 | (2) |
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16.5 Multitier Clustered Network Topology Analysis |
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335 | (4) |
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16.5.1 Transmission Energy Model |
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336 | (1) |
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16.5.2 Energy Consumption of the Tier-i |
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336 | (1) |
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16.5.3 Energy Model of Multitier Clustering Scheme |
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337 | (1) |
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16.5.4 Energy Model Analysis |
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338 | (1) |
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16.6 Example of Finding Optimal Tiers of Multitier Clustering Scheme |
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339 | (1) |
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16.7 Distributed Multitier Cluster Algorithm |
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340 | (2) |
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16.7.1 Algorithm Description |
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340 | (2) |
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16.7.2 Time Complexity of the Clustering Algorithm |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (3) |
Chapter 17 Big Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks: Methods and Algorithms |
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345 | (22) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (2) |
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17.3 SSIM to Image Quality Assessment |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (6) |
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17.4.1 Cluster Construction |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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17.4.3 Nodes Scheduling Scheme Based on the SSIM Index |
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352 | (3) |
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355 | (1) |
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17.4.5 Energy Consumption |
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356 | (1) |
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17.5 Performance Evaluation |
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356 | (8) |
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356 | (4) |
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17.5.1.1 Correctness of Clustering with SFDC |
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357 | (1) |
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17.5.1.2 Fidelity without the Dynamical Adjustment of Td |
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358 | (1) |
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17.5.1.3 Correctness of CH and Active Nodes Selection |
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359 | (1) |
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17.5.2 Node Contribution Rate |
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360 | (2) |
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17.5.2.1 Effect of Adaptive Data Collection |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (7) |
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17.5.3.1 Node Contribution and ANR |
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363 | (1) |
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17.5.3.2 Effect of Adaptive Data Collection |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (3) |
Chapter 18 Trade-Off between Network Lifetime and Utility in Wireless Sensor Networks |
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367 | (26) |
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367 | (2) |
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18.2 NUM and System Model |
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369 | (4) |
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370 | (1) |
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18.2.2 Network Utility Maximization |
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371 | (1) |
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18.2.3 Network Lifetime Maximization |
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371 | (2) |
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18.3 Partially Distributed Algorithm from Duality Decomposition |
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373 | (3) |
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373 | (2) |
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18.3.2 Partially Distributed Implementation |
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375 | (1) |
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18.4 Fully Distributed Algorithms |
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376 | (2) |
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18.4.1 Subgradient-Based Algorithm |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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18.5 Analyses to the Convergence of the Distributed Algorithms |
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378 | (2) |
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18.6 Numerical Studies and Performance Analyses |
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380 | (10) |
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18.6.1 Numerical Results on Convergence and the Trade-Off Obtained by Algorithm 18.1 |
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381 | (3) |
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381 | (1) |
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18.6.1.2 Trade-Off between the QoS and Lifetime |
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382 | (2) |
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18.6.2 Numerical Convergence Results of Algorithm 18.4.1 |
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384 | (5) |
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18.6.2.1 Convergence Property |
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384 | (2) |
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18.6.2.2 Impact of the Trade-Off Parameter on the Network Properties |
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386 | (3) |
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18.6.3 Network Properties under Various Nonuniform Link Error Probabilities |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (3) |
Chapter 19 Resource Allocation among Real-Time Multimedia Users in Wireless Networks: Approximate NUM Model and Solution |
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393 | (22) |
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393 | (3) |
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393 | (3) |
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19.1.2 Main Contributions and Novelty |
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396 | (1) |
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19.2 The Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm |
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396 | (9) |
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19.2.1 System Model and Problem Description |
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396 | (1) |
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19.2.2 Approximate Model and Solution |
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397 | (6) |
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19.2.3 Heuristic Resource Allocation Algorithm |
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403 | (2) |
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19.3 Fast Suboptimal Admission Control Protocol |
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405 | (4) |
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409 | (4) |
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413 | (2) |
Chapter 20 Resource Allocation for Hard QoS Traffic and Elastic Traffic in Wireless Networks |
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415 | (24) |
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415 | (2) |
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20.2 Resource Allocation among Hard QoS Traffic and Best-Effort Traffic: Network Utility Maximization (NUM) Approach |
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417 | (8) |
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20.2.1 Model and Problem Statement |
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417 | (2) |
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20.2.2 HQ Allocation for Hard QoS Traffic |
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419 | (3) |
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20.2.3 Elastic Allocation for the Best-Effort Traffic |
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422 | (2) |
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20.2.4 Mixture of Hard QoS and Best-Effort Traffic |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (13) |
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20.4 Radio Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks: Implementation and Performance Optimization |
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438 | (1) |
Chapter 21 Utility Optimization-Based Resource Allocation for Soft QoS Traffic |
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439 | (16) |
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439 | (2) |
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21.2 Problem Description and Optimal Solution of Utility Maximization |
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441 | (8) |
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21.2.1 Utility Function of Soft QoS Traffic and the Utility Maximization Problem |
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441 | (3) |
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21.2.2 Optimal Solution to the Utility Maximization Problem |
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444 | (5) |
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21.3 Algorithm USQ to Obtain the Optimal Solution |
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449 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (3) |
|
|
452 | (3) |
References |
|
455 | (34) |
Index |
|
489 | |