Preface |
|
x | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xiii | |
|
Part 1 The Concept of Restorative Justice |
|
|
1 | (48) |
|
1 How Patterns of Thinking Can Obstruct Justice |
|
|
3 | (17) |
|
|
3 | (3) |
|
An Ancient Pattern: Justice Is Relational |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
The People Who Are Harmed |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
Private and Public Prosecution |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Current Pattern of Thinking: Justice Is Impartial and Impersonal |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
War on Drugs and Its Consequences |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (3) |
|
2 The Development of a New Pattern of Thinking |
|
|
20 | (11) |
|
The Term "Restorative Justice" |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Attempts to Reform Contemporary Criminal Justice |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
A Response to Crime that Meets the Needs of People Harmed |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
A Response to Crime that Includes the Community |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
A Response to Crime that Reduces Incarceration |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
Indigenous Justice Approaches |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Early Explorers of Restorative Justice Theory |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (3) |
|
3 Justice that Promotes Healing |
|
|
31 | (18) |
|
Three Conceptions of Restorative Justice: Encounter, Reparative, and Transformative |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Restorative Justice Definitions |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Restorative Justice Principles |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Principle 1 Justice Heals |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Principle 2 Justice Includes |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Principle 3 Justice Shares |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
Restorative Justice: A Visual Model |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
Restorative Justice Values |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
Restorative Practices and Restorative Justice |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
Restorative Justice as Opposed to What? |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
Does Restorative Justice Work? |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
Outcomes for Those Causing Harm |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
Outcomes for Those Harmed |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (3) |
|
Part 2 The Cornerposts of Restorative Justice |
|
|
49 | (58) |
|
|
51 | (10) |
|
Restorative Justice and Inclusion |
|
|
52 | (2) |
|
Increasing Opportunities for the Parties to Speak in Contemporary Criminal Justice |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Allowing Those Harmed by Crime to Speak |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Allowing Those Who Caused Harm to Speak |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Giving the Person Harmed Legal Standing to Pursue Reparation |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Participation of the People Harmed at Various Stages of Criminal Proceedings |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Charging the Defendant and Plea Bargaining |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
The Person Harmed as Civil Claimant in Criminal Cases |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
|
61 | (14) |
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
Elements of Restorative Encounters |
|
|
65 | (2) |
|
Risks for Encounter Participants |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Empowering Participants and Repairing Harm |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Responsibility and Vindication |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Connection vs. Disconnection |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
|
75 | (15) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
To Receive Practical Support |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
To Receive Trauma Informed Assistance |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Active vs. Passive Responsibility |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (3) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Poverty, Fees, Fines, and Restitution |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
|
90 | (17) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Showing Respect for People Returning from Prison |
|
|
94 | (3) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
Trauma-Informed Community Building |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
Part 3 The Challenges Facing Restorative Justice |
|
|
107 | (44) |
|
8 Toward a Restorative System |
|
|
109 | (15) |
|
Five System Models Incorporating Restorative Justice |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Restorative Justice in Contemporary Criminal Justice Proceedings |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Before Responsibility Has Been Determined |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Determination of Responsibility |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Considering the "Restorativeness" of a System or Program |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (3) |
|
9 Shifting to a Restorative Paradigm |
|
|
124 | (18) |
|
Six Strategic Objectives to Expand the Use of Restorative Justice |
|
|
125 | (7) |
|
1 Make Restorative Justice Processes the Default Option, Even in Serious Cases |
|
|
125 | (2) |
|
2 Develop a Reparative System as Back-up When More Restorative Measures Are Not Options |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
3 Develop a Parallel System That Meets the Needs of Persons Harmed |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
4 Make the Incarceration Experience More Restorative |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
5 Incentivize Investments That Support Social Cohesion Within Communities |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
6 Create a Model Restorative Justice Legal Framework |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Addressing Potential Shortcomings within a Restorative System |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms that Respect the Rule of Law and Protect Fundamental Rights |
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
Accountability to Ensure Justice Mechanisms Function as Intended |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Making Restorative Justice Happen |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Shared Measurement System |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Mutually Reinforcing Activities |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Backbone Support Organization |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Keeping Communities Central in Collaborative Initiatives |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
Trauma-Informed Collaborations |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
|
142 | (9) |
|
Transformation of Perspective |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
Transformation of Structures |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
Transformation of Persons |
|
|
147 | (2) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
|
|
Appendix 1 RJ City® Case Study |
|
|
151 | (14) |
|
Appendix 2 Restorative Justice Across the Globe |
|
|
165 | (32) |
Select Bibliography |
|
197 | (26) |
Index |
|
223 | |