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xvii | |
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xix | |
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xxiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxix | |
Introduction |
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1 | (40) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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The scope of the study: four key areas |
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4 | (6) |
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Methodology and exposition |
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10 | (10) |
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Potential limitations of this study |
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20 | (12) |
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32 | (9) |
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1 Genealogy of Eastern European difference |
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41 | (70) |
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1.1 Symbolic geographies of East-Central Europe |
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41 | (5) |
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1.2 The great European familial divide: The western perspective |
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46 | (18) |
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1.2.1 F. Le Play: the origins of the great divide |
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47 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Europa Slavica and the `danger from the east': From German Volkskunde to Volkslehre |
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50 | (4) |
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1.2.3 John Hajnal: let there be a line! |
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54 | (3) |
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1.2.4 Bringing `western' and `eastern European family' types into being |
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57 | (4) |
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1.2.5 Two `systems' and four `regions': welcome imprecision in the final model-building |
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61 | (3) |
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1.3 Re-conceptualization of eastern European family pattern |
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64 | (21) |
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1.3.1 Blurring the great divide: the `west' in the `east' and the quest for diversity |
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65 | (6) |
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1.3.2 Re-emergence of a `middle space' in Europe |
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71 | (5) |
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1.3.3 `Hajnal-Mitterauer line': old wine in a new bottle? |
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76 | (4) |
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1.3.4 Persistence of perspective |
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80 | (5) |
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1.4 Speaking for itself: studies on family, kinship, and marriage in historical Polish lands |
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85 | (26) |
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85 | (5) |
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1.4.2 Family and household studies in Lithuania and Belarus |
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90 | (2) |
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1.4.3 Family composition in the Ukraine |
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92 | (3) |
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1.4.4 Descent groups among eastern and western Slavs: unity and diversity |
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95 | (7) |
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1.4.5 Polish ethnography and the `ethno-geographic boundary' in Poland-Lithuania |
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102 | (5) |
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107 | (4) |
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2 The CEURFAMFORM Database: its scope, content, and structure |
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111 | (62) |
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2.1 Spatiotemporal distribution of data |
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112 | (6) |
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2.2 Territorial groupings |
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118 | (7) |
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118 | (4) |
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122 | (3) |
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2.3 Size of the collection |
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125 | (3) |
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2.4 CEURFAMFORM in relation to other large databases |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (3) |
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2.6 The normative compatibility of the sources |
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133 | (4) |
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2.7 The comparability of information on living arrangements |
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137 | (5) |
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2.8 `House' as the unit of observation |
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142 | (2) |
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2.9 Selection of listings |
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144 | (7) |
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2.10 Representativeness of the collection |
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151 | (14) |
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2.10.1 What fraction of the actual population has been captured? |
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151 | (3) |
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2.10.2 Anticipated implications of issues yet to be resolved |
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154 | (11) |
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2.11 Order out of chaos: the recording and the encoding of the microdata information |
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165 | (8) |
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3 Socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural propensities and their regional variants |
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173 | (64) |
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174 | (3) |
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3.2 Ethnic and religious differentiation |
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177 | (2) |
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3.3 The manorial system and its local variants |
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179 | (10) |
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3.4 Agrarian crisis of the 17th century and its consequences |
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189 | (4) |
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3.5 Differences and similarities in 18th-century socioeconomic conditions |
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193 | (9) |
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3.5.1 Western and central parts (regions 1-8) |
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193 | (3) |
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3.5.2 The Belarusian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (regions 11N and 11S) |
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196 | (3) |
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3.5.3 Right-bank Ukraine and Galicia (regions 9 and 10) |
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199 | (3) |
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3.6 Landowning, inheritance and co-residence in peasant customary law and practice |
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202 | (35) |
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3.6.1 The peasant-manor relations |
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203 | (5) |
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3.6.2 Peasant customary inheritance and residential predilections |
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208 | (5) |
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3.6.3 Toward an analytical framework |
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213 | (24) |
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4 A note on time and cohorts |
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237 | (8) |
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5 Computer microsimulation and the study of historical living arrangements |
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245 | (24) |
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6 Home-leaving patterns in historic Poland-Lithuania |
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269 | (50) |
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269 | (2) |
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6.2 Variable operationalization and first estimates |
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271 | (3) |
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6.3 Controlling for demography |
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274 | (8) |
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6.4 After microsimulation: timing, prevalence, and spread of home-leaving |
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282 | (8) |
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6.5 Diversity of experience |
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290 | (5) |
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6.6 Toward an explanation of regional differences |
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295 | (11) |
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6.7 Different pathways on the routes from home |
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306 | (5) |
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311 | (8) |
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319 | (84) |
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319 | (2) |
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7.2 Life-cycle service `West' and `East': things known and unknown |
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321 | (6) |
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7.3 Servant population in the CEURFAMFORM Database |
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327 | (7) |
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7.3.1 The numerical importance of servants and its variability across space |
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329 | (5) |
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7.4 Servants in western Poland-Lithuania |
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334 | (22) |
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7.4.1 Numerical importance of service: a comparative perspective |
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336 | (4) |
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7.4.2 Demographic characteristics of the servant population |
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340 | (16) |
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7.5 Domestic service and its features in the East |
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356 | (11) |
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7.5.1 Why there were so few servants in the East? |
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360 | (7) |
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7.6 Modelling the presence of servants in rural societies of western Poland-Lithuania |
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367 | (32) |
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7.6.1 Ecological relationships |
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368 | (4) |
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7.6.2 General rationale behind the household-level model |
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372 | (2) |
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7.6.3 Household-level predictors of the presence of servants |
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374 | (7) |
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7.6.4 Results of the general and sex-specific regression models |
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381 | (7) |
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388 | (11) |
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399 | (4) |
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8 When to marry? Nuptiality and entry into marriage |
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403 | (90) |
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8.1 The importance of marriage |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (11) |
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8.4 Regional nuptiality patterns: the Im index |
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418 | (4) |
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8.5 Age pattern of marriages |
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422 | (10) |
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432 | (6) |
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438 | (12) |
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8.7.1 Intensity of nuptiality |
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439 | (4) |
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443 | (7) |
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8.8 Persistence over time |
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450 | (8) |
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8.9 The Polish-Lithuanian variation: some `why' questions and answers |
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458 | (27) |
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8.9.1 Early marriage, mortality, and the type of family system |
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458 | (2) |
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8.9.2 Availability of mates |
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460 | (4) |
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8.9.3 Feasibility of marriage |
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464 | (3) |
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8.9.4 Marital decisions and the lineage ideology |
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467 | (1) |
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8.9.5 Religious prescriptions and the regulation of marriage |
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468 | (2) |
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8.9.6 Parental control: demography, property, and marital behaviour |
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470 | (7) |
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477 | (3) |
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8.9.8 Patrilineal bias, social structure, and female virginity |
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480 | (3) |
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8.9.9 Economic rationality of female early and... late marriage |
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483 | (2) |
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485 | (8) |
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8.10.1 The mosaic of Polish-Lithuanian nuptiality |
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485 | (3) |
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8.10.2 Typological classification of eastern Poland |
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488 | (5) |
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9 Where to live? Household formation and postmarital residence |
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493 | (92) |
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493 | (1) |
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9.2 The importance of headship, and the marriage and household formation nexus |
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494 | (4) |
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9.3 Underlying principles seen through qualitative sources |
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498 | (10) |
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9.4 Headship patterns in the CEURFAMFORM Database |
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508 | (4) |
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512 | (4) |
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9.6 Entry into marriage and headship attainment |
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516 | (4) |
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9.7 Some necessary comparisons |
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520 | (9) |
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9.8 Time between marriage and headship |
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529 | (5) |
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9.9 The residential circumstances of young married men |
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534 | (28) |
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9.9.1 Major facets of regional differentiation |
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534 | (5) |
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9.9.2 Currently married non-heads |
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539 | (8) |
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9.9.3 The limits of marrying into the natal house |
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547 | (7) |
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9.9.4 Currently married heads |
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554 | (8) |
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9.10 Inferences about headship succession from microsimulation |
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562 | (9) |
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571 | (3) |
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9.12 Poland-Lithuania and European household formation systems |
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574 | (11) |
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10 Domestic group structure and living arrangements |
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585 | (186) |
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585 | (1) |
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10.2 Co-residence as a facet of family system |
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586 | (6) |
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10.3 Approach to co-residence taken here |
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592 | (4) |
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592 | (2) |
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594 | (2) |
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10.4 Mean size of domestic group |
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596 | (9) |
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10.5 Domestic group structure |
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605 | (22) |
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10.5.1 The extent of polynucleation |
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605 | (11) |
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10.5.2 Further household arithmetic |
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616 | (3) |
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10.5.3 Disaggregation of polynuclear households |
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619 | (8) |
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10.6 Characteristics of kin co-residence |
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627 | (24) |
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10.6.1 The composition of a co-resident kin group |
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628 | (14) |
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10.6.2 Co-resident kin and `kinship universe' of the Polish-Lithuanian peasantry |
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642 | (9) |
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10.7 A digression: two Ukraines? |
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651 | (6) |
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10.8 Dynamics of household co-residence and living arrangements |
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657 | (35) |
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10.8.1 Methodological remarks |
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657 | (1) |
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10.8.2 Changing size of domestic groups |
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658 | (7) |
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10.8.3 Household life cycles |
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665 | (13) |
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10.8.4 Living arrangements over the life course |
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678 | (5) |
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10.8.5 Dynamics of kinship ties within co-resident group |
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683 | (9) |
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10.9 Unrelatedness and living arrangements of lodgers |
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692 | (12) |
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10.10 Stem-families, joint-families |
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704 | (16) |
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10.10.1 Two key family types |
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704 | (1) |
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10.10.2 Cambridge Group typology |
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705 | (8) |
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10.10.3 Proportions of the elderly in stem- and joint-family arrangements |
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713 | (7) |
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10.11 Demographic constraints on the prevalence of stem- and joint-family arrangements |
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720 | (16) |
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10.12 Parent-child co-residence in western Poland-Lithuania: continuity or reincorporation? |
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736 | (7) |
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10.13 Stem-families and joint-families: a recapitulation |
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743 | (12) |
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10.13.1 The prevalence of nuclear households in the west |
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745 | (1) |
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10.13.2 Western Poland-Lithuania and Westphalia: one type of the stem-family society? |
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746 | (2) |
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10.13.3 Extension of the Russian pattern in Polessya? |
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748 | (2) |
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10.13.4 A stem-family society without the stem-family ideology? |
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750 | (5) |
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10.14 A quest for potential determinants |
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755 | (16) |
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|
771 | |
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1 Appendix 1: Data quality assessment |
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801 | (114) |
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|
801 | (2) |
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1.2 Lack of internal consistency of enumeration schedules, and the lodging problem |
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803 | (4) |
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1.3 Missing information on individuals' characteristics |
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807 | (1) |
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808 | (4) |
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1.3.2 Marital status omissions |
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812 | (5) |
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1.3.3 The omission of surnames |
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817 | (4) |
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1.3.4 Unspecified kinship pointers |
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821 | (5) |
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1.3.5 Preferential reckoning of co-resident kin |
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826 | (4) |
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830 | (2) |
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1.4.1 Proportions of minors and of the aged in population |
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832 | (10) |
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1.4.2 Proportion of infants in the population |
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842 | (3) |
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1.4.3 The proportions of elderly people and the frequency of extended households |
|
|
845 | (1) |
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1.5 Age heaping and digit preference |
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846 | (1) |
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1.5.1 General patterns in digit preference |
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847 | (7) |
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1.5.2 Digit preference on zero and five |
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854 | (7) |
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1.5.3 Preference for and avoidance of all digits of age |
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861 | (5) |
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1.5.4 Who was rounding off their age, and why? |
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866 | (10) |
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1.5.5 Age heaping in Poland-Lithuania: discussion |
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876 | (5) |
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1.6 Population age structure |
|
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881 | (9) |
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1.7 Proportions of the sexes |
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|
890 | (10) |
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1.8 Age schedules from Poland-Lithuania compared with other enumerations |
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900 | (3) |
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1.9 Domestic group members most affected by under-reporting |
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903 | (2) |
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1.10 The lack of a golden rule and available solutions |
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905 | (1) |
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1.10.1 Fitting the reported data into standard age schedules |
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905 | (3) |
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1.10.2 Benefits and costs of unconventional age groupings |
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908 | (5) |
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913 | (2) |
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2 Appendix 2: Higher-rank order agglomeration |
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915 | (14) |
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|
929 | (22) |
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|
951 | |