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E-grāmata: Rethinking East-Central Europe: family systems and co-residence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Volume 1: Contexts and analyses - Volume 2: Data quality assessments, documentation, and bibliography

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Using historical census microdata and quantitative methods this book captures patterns of leaving home and life-cycle service, marriage and household formation, as well as domestic group structures and living arrangements among different subpopulations of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century.

This book reconstructs fundamental aspects of family organization across historical Poland-Lithuania, one of the largest political entities in early modern Europe. Using a plethora of quantitative measurements and demographic microsimulation, the author captures and elucidates the complex patterns of leaving home and life-cycle service, marriage and household formation, along with domestic group structures and living arrangements among different subpopulations of Poland-Lithuania, highlighting a variety of ways in which these patterns were nested in their respective local and regional contexts. By showing that at the end of the 18th century at least three distinct family systems existed in the Polish-Lithuanian territories, Szoltysek challenges a number of orthodoxies in the ‘master narratives’ on the European geography of family forms of F. Le Play, J. Hajnal, P. Laslett, and their followers. Volume two of the book contains an extensive bibliography along with a thorough archival documentation of the census-like microdata used in the book, and provides detailed information on their quality and further technicalities pertaining to data analysis.

Recenzijas

«[ This] book is a magnificent achievement, one of the best works on Poland-Lithuania published in the last decade.»

(Robert Frost, The Slavic Review Vol. 76 2017)





«The work should serve as a reference point for any researcher wishing to embark upon an analysis of family forms in East-Central and South-Eastern Europe. Its scrupulously built analysis, which leaves no potential explanatory pathway unexplored, is a refreshing departure from the norm.»

(Oana Sorescu-Iudean, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 65/2017)





«This magnum opus will serve in many ways as an example for current and future generations of historical demographers and family historians, and the importance of this work goes well beyond the region of study.»

(Paul Puschmann, Continuity and Change Vol. 33, Issue 1/2018)

List of Maps
xvii
List of Tables
xix
List of Figures
xxiii
Acknowledgements xxix
Introduction 1(40)
Background
1(2)
The book
3(1)
The scope of the study: four key areas
4(6)
Methodology and exposition
10(10)
Potential limitations of this study
20(12)
Organization of the book
32(9)
Part 1 Contexts
1 Genealogy of Eastern European difference
41(70)
1.1 Symbolic geographies of East-Central Europe
41(5)
1.2 The great European familial divide: The western perspective
46(18)
1.2.1 F. Le Play: the origins of the great divide
47(3)
1.2.2 Europa Slavica and the `danger from the east': From German Volkskunde to Volkslehre
50(4)
1.2.3 John Hajnal: let there be a line!
54(3)
1.2.4 Bringing `western' and `eastern European family' types into being
57(4)
1.2.5 Two `systems' and four `regions': welcome imprecision in the final model-building
61(3)
1.3 Re-conceptualization of eastern European family pattern
64(21)
1.3.1 Blurring the great divide: the `west' in the `east' and the quest for diversity
65(6)
1.3.2 Re-emergence of a `middle space' in Europe
71(5)
1.3.3 `Hajnal-Mitterauer line': old wine in a new bottle?
76(4)
1.3.4 Persistence of perspective
80(5)
1.4 Speaking for itself: studies on family, kinship, and marriage in historical Polish lands
85(26)
1.4.1 Polish scholarship
85(5)
1.4.2 Family and household studies in Lithuania and Belarus
90(2)
1.4.3 Family composition in the Ukraine
92(3)
1.4.4 Descent groups among eastern and western Slavs: unity and diversity
95(7)
1.4.5 Polish ethnography and the `ethno-geographic boundary' in Poland-Lithuania
102(5)
1.4.6 Conclusions
107(4)
2 The CEURFAMFORM Database: its scope, content, and structure
111(62)
2.1 Spatiotemporal distribution of data
112(6)
2.2 Territorial groupings
118(7)
2.2.1 Regions
118(4)
2.2.2 Clusters
122(3)
2.3 Size of the collection
125(3)
2.4 CEURFAMFORM in relation to other large databases
128(2)
2.5 The primary sources
130(3)
2.6 The normative compatibility of the sources
133(4)
2.7 The comparability of information on living arrangements
137(5)
2.8 `House' as the unit of observation
142(2)
2.9 Selection of listings
144(7)
2.10 Representativeness of the collection
151(14)
2.10.1 What fraction of the actual population has been captured?
151(3)
2.10.2 Anticipated implications of issues yet to be resolved
154(11)
2.11 Order out of chaos: the recording and the encoding of the microdata information
165(8)
3 Socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural propensities and their regional variants
173(64)
3.1 Population density
174(3)
3.2 Ethnic and religious differentiation
177(2)
3.3 The manorial system and its local variants
179(10)
3.4 Agrarian crisis of the 17th century and its consequences
189(4)
3.5 Differences and similarities in 18th-century socioeconomic conditions
193(9)
3.5.1 Western and central parts (regions 1-8)
193(3)
3.5.2 The Belarusian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (regions 11N and 11S)
196(3)
3.5.3 Right-bank Ukraine and Galicia (regions 9 and 10)
199(3)
3.6 Landowning, inheritance and co-residence in peasant customary law and practice
202(35)
3.6.1 The peasant-manor relations
203(5)
3.6.2 Peasant customary inheritance and residential predilections
208(5)
3.6.3 Toward an analytical framework
213(24)
4 A note on time and cohorts
237(8)
5 Computer microsimulation and the study of historical living arrangements
245(24)
Part 2 Analyses
6 Home-leaving patterns in historic Poland-Lithuania
269(50)
6.1 Introduction
269(2)
6.2 Variable operationalization and first estimates
271(3)
6.3 Controlling for demography
274(8)
6.4 After microsimulation: timing, prevalence, and spread of home-leaving
282(8)
6.5 Diversity of experience
290(5)
6.6 Toward an explanation of regional differences
295(11)
6.7 Different pathways on the routes from home
306(5)
6.8 Concluding remarks
311(8)
7 Life-cycle service
319(84)
7.1 Introduction
319(2)
7.2 Life-cycle service `West' and `East': things known and unknown
321(6)
7.3 Servant population in the CEURFAMFORM Database
327(7)
7.3.1 The numerical importance of servants and its variability across space
329(5)
7.4 Servants in western Poland-Lithuania
334(22)
7.4.1 Numerical importance of service: a comparative perspective
336(4)
7.4.2 Demographic characteristics of the servant population
340(16)
7.5 Domestic service and its features in the East
356(11)
7.5.1 Why there were so few servants in the East?
360(7)
7.6 Modelling the presence of servants in rural societies of western Poland-Lithuania
367(32)
7.6.1 Ecological relationships
368(4)
7.6.2 General rationale behind the household-level model
372(2)
7.6.3 Household-level predictors of the presence of servants
374(7)
7.6.4 Results of the general and sex-specific regression models
381(7)
7.6.5 Discussion
388(11)
7.7 Concluding remarks
399(4)
8 When to marry? Nuptiality and entry into marriage
403(90)
8.1 The importance of marriage
403(1)
8.2 Objectives
404(3)
8.3 Measurement issues
407(11)
8.4 Regional nuptiality patterns: the Im index
418(4)
8.5 Age pattern of marriages
422(10)
8.6 Permanent celibacy
432(6)
8.7 Comparative ventures
438(12)
8.7.1 Intensity of nuptiality
439(4)
8.7.2 Marital timing
443(7)
8.8 Persistence over time
450(8)
8.9 The Polish-Lithuanian variation: some `why' questions and answers
458(27)
8.9.1 Early marriage, mortality, and the type of family system
458(2)
8.9.2 Availability of mates
460(4)
8.9.3 Feasibility of marriage
464(3)
8.9.4 Marital decisions and the lineage ideology
467(1)
8.9.5 Religious prescriptions and the regulation of marriage
468(2)
8.9.6 Parental control: demography, property, and marital behaviour
470(7)
8.9.7 Manorial pressures
477(3)
8.9.8 Patrilineal bias, social structure, and female virginity
480(3)
8.9.9 Economic rationality of female early and... late marriage
483(2)
8.10 Implications
485(8)
8.10.1 The mosaic of Polish-Lithuanian nuptiality
485(3)
8.10.2 Typological classification of eastern Poland
488(5)
9 Where to live? Household formation and postmarital residence
493(92)
9.1 Introduction
493(1)
9.2 The importance of headship, and the marriage and household formation nexus
494(4)
9.3 Underlying principles seen through qualitative sources
498(10)
9.4 Headship patterns in the CEURFAMFORM Database
508(4)
9.5 Age at becoming head
512(4)
9.6 Entry into marriage and headship attainment
516(4)
9.7 Some necessary comparisons
520(9)
9.8 Time between marriage and headship
529(5)
9.9 The residential circumstances of young married men
534(28)
9.9.1 Major facets of regional differentiation
534(5)
9.9.2 Currently married non-heads
539(8)
9.9.3 The limits of marrying into the natal house
547(7)
9.9.4 Currently married heads
554(8)
9.10 Inferences about headship succession from microsimulation
562(9)
9.11 Summary comments
571(3)
9.12 Poland-Lithuania and European household formation systems
574(11)
10 Domestic group structure and living arrangements
585(186)
10.1 Introduction
585(1)
10.2 Co-residence as a facet of family system
586(6)
10.3 Approach to co-residence taken here
592(4)
10.3.1 Unit of analysis
592(2)
10.3.2 Measurement
594(2)
10.4 Mean size of domestic group
596(9)
10.5 Domestic group structure
605(22)
10.5.1 The extent of polynucleation
605(11)
10.5.2 Further household arithmetic
616(3)
10.5.3 Disaggregation of polynuclear households
619(8)
10.6 Characteristics of kin co-residence
627(24)
10.6.1 The composition of a co-resident kin group
628(14)
10.6.2 Co-resident kin and `kinship universe' of the Polish-Lithuanian peasantry
642(9)
10.7 A digression: two Ukraines?
651(6)
10.8 Dynamics of household co-residence and living arrangements
657(35)
10.8.1 Methodological remarks
657(1)
10.8.2 Changing size of domestic groups
658(7)
10.8.3 Household life cycles
665(13)
10.8.4 Living arrangements over the life course
678(5)
10.8.5 Dynamics of kinship ties within co-resident group
683(9)
10.9 Unrelatedness and living arrangements of lodgers
692(12)
10.10 Stem-families, joint-families
704(16)
10.10.1 Two key family types
704(1)
10.10.2 Cambridge Group typology
705(8)
10.10.3 Proportions of the elderly in stem- and joint-family arrangements
713(7)
10.11 Demographic constraints on the prevalence of stem- and joint-family arrangements
720(16)
10.12 Parent-child co-residence in western Poland-Lithuania: continuity or reincorporation?
736(7)
10.13 Stem-families and joint-families: a recapitulation
743(12)
10.13.1 The prevalence of nuclear households in the west
745(1)
10.13.2 Western Poland-Lithuania and Westphalia: one type of the stem-family society?
746(2)
10.13.3 Extension of the Russian pattern in Polessya?
748(2)
10.13.4 A stem-family society without the stem-family ideology?
750(5)
10.14 A quest for potential determinants
755(16)
General conclusions
771
1 Appendix 1: Data quality assessment
801(114)
1.1 Introduction
801(2)
1.2 Lack of internal consistency of enumeration schedules, and the lodging problem
803(4)
1.3 Missing information on individuals' characteristics
807(1)
1.3.1 Age non-reporting
808(4)
1.3.2 Marital status omissions
812(5)
1.3.3 The omission of surnames
817(4)
1.3.4 Unspecified kinship pointers
821(5)
1.3.5 Preferential reckoning of co-resident kin
826(4)
1.4 Underenumeration
830(2)
1.4.1 Proportions of minors and of the aged in population
832(10)
1.4.2 Proportion of infants in the population
842(3)
1.4.3 The proportions of elderly people and the frequency of extended households
845(1)
1.5 Age heaping and digit preference
846(1)
1.5.1 General patterns in digit preference
847(7)
1.5.2 Digit preference on zero and five
854(7)
1.5.3 Preference for and avoidance of all digits of age
861(5)
1.5.4 Who was rounding off their age, and why?
866(10)
1.5.5 Age heaping in Poland-Lithuania: discussion
876(5)
1.6 Population age structure
881(9)
1.7 Proportions of the sexes
890(10)
1.8 Age schedules from Poland-Lithuania compared with other enumerations
900(3)
1.9 Domestic group members most affected by under-reporting
903(2)
1.10 The lack of a golden rule and available solutions
905(1)
1.10.1 Fitting the reported data into standard age schedules
905(3)
1.10.2 Benefits and costs of unconventional age groupings
908(5)
1.11 Concluding remarks
913(2)
2 Appendix 2: Higher-rank order agglomeration
915(14)
3 Data documentation
929(22)
4 Bibliography
951
Mikoaj Szotysek is a senior researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle/Saale, and former Deputy Head of the Laboratory of Historical Demography at the MPI for Demographic Research in Rostock. He was one of the founders of Mosaic one of the largest data infrastructure projects in historical demography for research on family patterns in historic Europe.