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  • Formāts: 190 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Nov-2018
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309481953

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The Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas is the primary source of water for one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, San Antonio, and it also supplies irrigation water to thousands of farmers and livestock operators. It is also the source water for several springs and rivers, including the two largest freshwater springs in Texas that form the San Marcos and Comal Rivers. The unique habitat afforded by these spring-fed rivers has led to the development of species that are found in no other locations on Earth. Due to the potential for variations in spring flow caused by both human and natural causes, these species are continuously at risk and have been recognized as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). In an effort to manage the river systems and the aquifer that controls them, the Edwards Aquifer Authority (EAA) and stakeholders have developed a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). The HCP seeks to effectively manage the river-aquifer system to ensure the viability of the ESA-listed species in the face of drought, population growth, and other threats to the aquifer.





This report is the third and final product of a three-phase study to provide advice to the EAA on various aspects of the HCP that will ultimately lead to improved management of the Edwards Aquifer. This final report focuses on the biological goals and objectives found in the HCP for each of the listed species.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Listed Species 3 Will the Biological Objectives Meet the Biological Goals? 4 Will the Minimization and Mitigation Measures Meet the Biological Objectives? 5 Overarching Issues Acronyms Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff
Summary 1(14)
1 Introduction
15(14)
Hydrology of the Edwards Aquifer
17(1)
Ecology of the Edwards Aquifer
18(1)
Habitat Conservation Plan
19(1)
The EAA-Requested Study
20(7)
References
27(2)
2 The Listed Species
29(38)
Fountain Darter
30(9)
Texas Wild Rice
39(4)
Comal Springs Riffle Beetle
43(7)
San Marcos Salamander
50(6)
Other Covered Species
56(4)
Conclusions and Recommendations
60(1)
References
61(6)
3 Will The Biological Objectives Meet The Biological Goals?
67(30)
Understanding the Ratings
68(1)
Fountain Darter
69(8)
Texas Wild Rice
77(4)
Comal Springs Riffle Beetle
81(5)
San Marcos Salamander
86(5)
Water Quality Component of the Biological Objective
91(2)
Conclusions and Recommendations
93(1)
References
94(3)
4 Will The Minimization And Mitigation Measures Meet The Biological Objectives?
97(60)
Flow Protection Measures
98(12)
Water Quality Protection Measures
110(10)
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Restoration
120(11)
Recreation Management
131(10)
Riparian Management
141(9)
National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center Refugia
150(2)
Conclusions and Recommendations
152(1)
References
153(4)
5 Overarching Issues
157(14)
Fountain Darter
157(2)
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
159(3)
Macroinvertebrate Data Analysis
162(1)
Invasive Species, Exotics, and Disease
163(4)
Catastrophic Events
167(1)
Final Thoughts
168(1)
References
169(2)
Acronyms 171(2)
Appendix Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff 173