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E-grāmata: Rheological and Seismic Properties of Solid-Melt Systems: A Mechanical Spectroscopy Study

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Springer Theses
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319030982
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Rheological and Seismic Properties of Solid-Melt Systems: A Mechanical Spectroscopy StudyPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Springer Theses
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319030982
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Our understanding of the rheological and seismic properties of the Earth’s interior relies on interpreting geophysical observations using mineral physics data. The complexity of natural materials complicates these interpretations, but here the key features of such materials in controlling the attenuation of seismic waves are determined by a set of careful experiments. This thesis clearly explains how dynamic mechanical spectroscopy has been used to determine the visco-elastic properties of igneous and sedimentary rocks containing geological fluids. These experiments highlight, for the first time, the importance of mineral and rock microstructures as controls on geophysical properties of solids, particularly near the melting point. The results have impacts in areas ranging from volcanic processes, through the structure of the deep Earth, to fluid-saturated porous media.


This book highlights the importance of mineral and rock microstructures as controls on geophysical properties of solids, particularly near the melting point. It includes applications to igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary systems.
1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 Motivation
1(3)
1.2 Theoretical Foundations
4(15)
1.2.1 Anisotropic Elasticity
4(1)
1.2.2 Anelasticity
5(8)
1.2.3 Poroelasticity
13(3)
References
16(3)
2 Experimental Methods
19(12)
2.1 Inverted Forced Torsion Pendulum
20(4)
2.2 Perkin Elmer Dynamic Mechanical Analysis 7e
24(3)
2.3 The 400 MPa Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Oscillator (400 MPaUPO)
27(4)
References
30(1)
3 Sample Characteristics
31(20)
3.1 Sandstones
31(1)
3.2 Igneous Rocks
32(8)
3.3 Heat-Treated Igneous Rocks
40(11)
References
49(2)
4 Thermal Relaxations in Gabbro and Basalt
51(32)
4.1 Introduction
51(6)
4.2 Samples and Experimental Methods
57(1)
4.3 Results and Analysis
58(5)
4.3.1 Frequency-Dependent Measurements
59(2)
4.3.2 Time-Dependent Measurements
61(1)
4.3.3 Temperature-Dependent Measurements
62(1)
4.4 Mechanisms
63(12)
4.4.1 Relaxation Time Distribution
64(1)
4.4.2 Microcreep Flow
65(4)
4.4.3 Thermally-Activated Relaxation Processes
69(6)
4.5 Conclusion
75(8)
4.5.1 Concluding Remarks
78(1)
References
79(4)
5 Glass Transition and Brittle Failure of Crystal-Glass Silicates
83(18)
5.1 Introduction
83(4)
5.2 Samples and Experimental Methods
87(1)
5.3 Results and Analysis
88(5)
5.4 Mechanisms
93(8)
References
99(2)
6 Crackling Noise in Basalt and Gabbro
101(20)
6.1 Introduction
101(4)
6.2 Samples and Noise Data Process Methods
105(3)
6.3 Results and Analysis
108(3)
6.3.1 Noise from Shear Modulus
108(3)
6.3.2 Noise from Internal Friction
111(1)
6.4 Discussions
111(10)
References
119(2)
7 Fluid Pressure and Failure Modes of Sandstones
121(26)
7.1 Introduction
121(5)
7.2 Samples and Experimental Methods
126(1)
7.3 Results and Analysis
126(7)
7.4 Mechanisms
133(9)
7.4.1 General Trends
133(2)
7.4.2 Effective Pressures
135(4)
7.4.3 Interpretations of `npe' in Terms of Microstructural Changes
139(3)
7.5 Conclusions
142(5)
References
143(4)
8 Conclusions
147(4)
8.1 Summary
147(2)
8.2 Future Directions
149(2)
References
150(1)
Appendix A SEM Images and Microprobe Analysis of Basalts 151(4)
Appendix B SEM Images and Microprobe Analysis of Gabbro 155
Su-Ying Chien studied Earth Sciences at National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, carrying out Masters research on the properties of silica at high pressure and temperature by ultrasonic measurements. Her Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge developed her interests into the realms of low-frequency mechanics of Earth materials, as described here.
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