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Risk Assessments and Safe Machinery: Ensuring Compliance with the EU Directives 1st ed. 2016 [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 256 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 5266 g, 8 Illustrations, color; XI, 256 p. 8 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Springer Series in Reliability Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-May-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319313606
  • ISBN-13: 9783319313603
  • Hardback
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 256 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 5266 g, 8 Illustrations, color; XI, 256 p. 8 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Springer Series in Reliability Engineering
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-May-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319313606
  • ISBN-13: 9783319313603
This book describes the prerequisites for the placing on the market and the safe use of machinery in compliance with the relevant EU Directives, especially the Machinery Directive 2006/42. It provides readers with high-level knowledge concerning the Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR) that machinery must fulfill. The approach and principles of the Machinery Directive were most recently made worldwide acknowledged in the ILO code of practice on safe machinery, released in 2013. The book addresses that code, as well as providing valuable insight into other EU Product and Workplace legislation.





Focusing on the key aspect of safe machinery, the machinery safety risk assessment, which allows readers to better understand the more difficult aspects of risk assessments, the book equips readers to tackle problems at the manufacturing stage and in different use scenarios, introducing them to risk reduction techniques and functional safety aspects.
1 Introduction 1(4)
1.1 Disclaimer
2(3)
2 EU Legislation 5(28)
2.1 EU Legislation
5(4)
2.1.1 Introduction
5(1)
2.1.2 Product Directives
6(1)
2.1.3 Workplace Directives
7(1)
2.1.4 Other Directives
8(1)
2.2 Standards
9(6)
2.2.1 Standards
9(1)
2.2.2 Harmonised Standards
10(2)
2.2.3 Eurocodes and Similar Building Codes
12(1)
2.2.4 Semi-standards
13(1)
2.2.5 Supplementary Comments
14(1)
2.3 EU Legislation and Responsibilities
15(4)
2.3.1 Product Directives (and Regulations)
15(2)
2.3.2 Product Liability Directive 85/374
17(1)
2.3.3 General Product Safety Directive 2001/95
18(1)
2.3.4 Workplace Directives
18(1)
2.4 New Legislative Framework (NLF)
19(4)
2.4.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.4.2 Background
19(1)
2.4.3 Important New Aspects
20(1)
2.4.4 Obligations of Economic Operators
21(1)
2.4.5 Some General Conclusions
22(1)
2.5 Producer Liability
23(4)
2.5.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.5.2 Liability According to Product Directives
24(1)
2.5.3 Product Liability Directive 85/374
24(2)
2.5.4 Liability Outside Contract-Subjective/Culpa Liability
26(1)
2.6 Language Requirements
27(6)
2.6.1 Introduction
27(2)
2.6.2 Machinery Directive 2006/42
29(1)
2.6.3 Explosive Atmosphere Directive 2014/34 (ATEX)
30(1)
2.6.4 Low-Voltage Directive 2014/35 (LVD)
31(1)
2.6.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30 (EMC)
31(2)
3 Machinery Directive 33(134)
3.1 Machinery Directive
33(21)
3.1.1 Introduction
33(1)
3.1.2 Scope of the Machinery Directive
34(2)
3.1.3 Preconditions for Placing Machinery on the Market/Putting It into Service
36(2)
3.1.4 Preconditions for Placing Partly Completed Machinery on the Market
38(1)
3.1.5 Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR)
38(1)
3.1.6 Technical File for Machinery
39(2)
3.1.7 Technical Documentation for Partly Completed Machinery
41(1)
3.1.8 Declaration of Conformity (Machinery)
42(3)
3.1.9 Declaration of Incorporation (Partly Completed Machinery)
45(3)
3.1.10 Marking and CE-Marking of Machinery
48(1)
3.1.11 Instructions (Machinery)
49(4)
3.1.12 Assembly Instructions (Partly Completed Machinery)
53(1)
3.2 Machinery Risk Assessment
54(29)
3.2.1 Introduction to Machinery Risk Assessment
54(2)
3.2.2 Tackling the Risk Assessment Obligation
56(2)
3.2.3 Basic Risk Assessment-The Three Core Elements
58(5)
3.2.4 Risk Assessment Procedures and Methods
63(4)
3.2.5 LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis)
67(15)
3.2.6 Process Units and Interconnected Machines (Assemblies of Machinery)
82(1)
3.3 Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR)
83(29)
3.3.1 Introduction
83(1)
3.3.2 Individual EHSR
84(28)
3.4 Functional Safety
112(22)
3.4.1 Introduction
112(3)
3.4.2 Functional Safety Related to EN 62061
115(1)
3.4.3 Functional Safety Related to EN 13849-1
116(8)
3.4.4 Safety Requirement Specification
124(1)
3.4.5 Required Level (SIL or PL) of Functional Safety
125(8)
3.4.6 Designing Your Own Matrix or Risk Graph for Required SIL Determination
133(1)
3.5 Fire and Explosion Risks
134(23)
3.5.1 Introductory Comments
135(1)
3.5.2 References
136(1)
3.5.3 Approaching the Fire and Explosion Risks
137(4)
3.5.4 Machinery Fire Risk Assessment
141(1)
3.5.5 Fire Risk Assessment Guidelines
142(3)
3.5.6 Machinery and ATEX Directive Relations
145(1)
3.5.7 ATEX Equipment Directive 2014/34 Risk Assessment
146(4)
3.5.8 Workplace Fire Risk Assessment
150(3)
3.5.9 Workplace Fire Risk Assessment Guidelines
153(4)
3.6 Machinery Safety Standards
157(6)
3.6.1 Machinery Directive Standards, Listed According to Content
157(5)
3.6.2 Equivalence Between EN and ISO Standards
162(1)
3.7 Machinery Workplace Directive
163(4)
3.7.1 Introduction
163(1)
3.7.2 Framework Directive
163(2)
3.7.3 Use of Work Equipment
165(2)
4 EHSR in Focus 167(46)
4.1 Guards
167(5)
4.1.1 Introduction
167(1)
4.1.2 References
167(1)
4.1.3 Guidelines
168(4)
4.2 Acesss
172(5)
4.2.1 Scope
172(1)
4.2.2 References
173(1)
4.2.3 Guidelines
173(4)
4.3 Safety Signs
177(9)
4.3.1 Scope
177(1)
4.3.2 References
177(1)
4.3.3 Guidelines
178(1)
4.3.4 EU Legislation on Safety Signs
179(1)
4.3.5 Product Directive Provisions on Safety Signs
179(2)
4.3.6 Workplace Directive Provisions on Safety Signs
181(4)
4.3.7 Key Standards
185(1)
4.3.8 Other Standards
186(1)
4.4 Noise
186(6)
4.4.1 Introduction
186(1)
4.4.2 Scope
186(1)
4.4.3 References
187(1)
4.4.4 Guidelines
187(3)
4.4.5 Sound and Noise-Aspects and Terminology
190(2)
4.5 Emergency Stop
192(6)
4.5.1 Introduction
192(1)
4.5.2 References
192(1)
4.5.3 Guidelines
193(5)
4.6 Hazardous Substances and Safety Data Sheets
198(15)
4.6.1 Introduction
198(1)
4.6.2 References
198(1)
4.6.3 Guidelines
199(12)
4.6.4 Acronyms and Designations
211(2)
5 Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction Methodologies 213(30)
5.1 Introduction
213(1)
5.2 Risk Assessment Steps
214(2)
5.3 Step 1: Limits of the Machinery
216(1)
5.4 Step 2: Hazard Identification Methods
217(6)
5.4.1 Machinery Directive, Annex I
218(1)
5.4.2 EN ISO 12100
219(1)
5.4.3 HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study)
219(3)
5.4.4 FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)
222(1)
5.4.5 FTA (Fault Tree Analysis)
222(1)
5.5 Step 3: Risk Estimation Tools
223(6)
5.5.1 Risk Matrix
224(1)
5.5.2 Risk Graph
225(2)
5.5.3 Supplementing by Using Numerical Scoring
227(1)
5.5.4 Risk Estimation Aspects
228(1)
5.6 Risk Reduction Based on Functional Safety
229(2)
5.6.1 PL and SIL Assignment Rooted in EN ISO 13849-1
231(1)
5.7 Step 4: Risk Evaluation
231(2)
5.8 Step 5: Risk Elimination/Minimisation
233(1)
5.9 Risk Characterisation/Classification and Decision Making
234(3)
5.9.1 Risk Definition and Specification
234(1)
5.9.2 Some Danish Accident Numbers
234(1)
5.9.3 When Is Risk Acceptable?
235(2)
5.10 Acceptable Risk and the Level of Functional Safety (SIL)
237(3)
5.11 Emergency Stop Decisions
240(3)
6 Basic Knowledge on Fires and Explosions 243(10)
6.1 Introduction
243(1)
6.2 Definitions
243(2)
6.3 Fires and Explosions
245(1)
6.4 Deflagrations
246(2)
6.5 Confined (Internal) Explosions
248(1)
6.6 Partly Confined Gas Explosions
249(1)
6.7 Gas Explosions in Process Areas and Unconfined Areas
250(1)
6.8 Flash Fires
251(2)
Few Facts About the Author 253(2)
Index 255
Torben Jespen received his Master of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and holds a Bachelors degree in International Trade from Copenhagen Business School (CBS).





He spent 5 years as an Assistant Professor at the DTUs Institute of Chemical Industry teaching chemical process and reaction engineering and 25 years in different positions at the Confederation of Danish Employers, where he provided assistance to Member Organizations and Companies concerning occupational health and safety matters, especially with aspects related to EU legislation.





Torben has over 9 years experience as a Technical Adviser at a globally operating Danish engineering company and industrial plant equipment supplier company, and in the course of his 20 years as an advisory expert to the European Commission regarding Product and Workplace health and safety legislation, he served as the chairman of several advisory groups.





He has also held the vice-chair and employer spokesperson positions at the European Agency on Occupational Safety and Health (European OSHA) in Bilbao, Spain, and has been actively involved in several ILO activities, including the elaboration of Conventions, Recommendations and Guidelines, such as those on occupational safety and health management systems.