1 Introduction |
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1 | (4) |
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2 | (3) |
2 EU Legislation |
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5 | (28) |
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5 | (4) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Workplace Directives |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (6) |
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9 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Harmonised Standards |
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10 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Eurocodes and Similar Building Codes |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Supplementary Comments |
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14 | (1) |
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2.3 EU Legislation and Responsibilities |
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15 | (4) |
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2.3.1 Product Directives (and Regulations) |
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15 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Product Liability Directive 85/374 |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3.3 General Product Safety Directive 2001/95 |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Workplace Directives |
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18 | (1) |
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2.4 New Legislative Framework (NLF) |
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19 | (4) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Important New Aspects |
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20 | (1) |
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2.4.4 Obligations of Economic Operators |
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21 | (1) |
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2.4.5 Some General Conclusions |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Liability According to Product Directives |
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24 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Product Liability Directive 85/374 |
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24 | (2) |
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2.5.4 Liability Outside Contract-Subjective/Culpa Liability |
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26 | (1) |
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2.6 Language Requirements |
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27 | (6) |
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27 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Machinery Directive 2006/42 |
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29 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Explosive Atmosphere Directive 2014/34 (ATEX) |
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30 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Low-Voltage Directive 2014/35 (LVD) |
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31 | (1) |
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2.6.5 Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30 (EMC) |
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31 | (2) |
3 Machinery Directive |
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33 | (134) |
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33 | (21) |
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33 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Scope of the Machinery Directive |
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34 | (2) |
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3.1.3 Preconditions for Placing Machinery on the Market/Putting It into Service |
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36 | (2) |
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3.1.4 Preconditions for Placing Partly Completed Machinery on the Market |
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38 | (1) |
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3.1.5 Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR) |
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38 | (1) |
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3.1.6 Technical File for Machinery |
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39 | (2) |
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3.1.7 Technical Documentation for Partly Completed Machinery |
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41 | (1) |
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3.1.8 Declaration of Conformity (Machinery) |
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42 | (3) |
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3.1.9 Declaration of Incorporation (Partly Completed Machinery) |
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45 | (3) |
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3.1.10 Marking and CE-Marking of Machinery |
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48 | (1) |
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3.1.11 Instructions (Machinery) |
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49 | (4) |
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3.1.12 Assembly Instructions (Partly Completed Machinery) |
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53 | (1) |
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3.2 Machinery Risk Assessment |
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54 | (29) |
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3.2.1 Introduction to Machinery Risk Assessment |
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54 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Tackling the Risk Assessment Obligation |
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56 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Basic Risk Assessment-The Three Core Elements |
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58 | (5) |
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3.2.4 Risk Assessment Procedures and Methods |
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63 | (4) |
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3.2.5 LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis) |
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67 | (15) |
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3.2.6 Process Units and Interconnected Machines (Assemblies of Machinery) |
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82 | (1) |
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3.3 Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR) |
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83 | (29) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (28) |
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112 | (22) |
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112 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Functional Safety Related to EN 62061 |
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115 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Functional Safety Related to EN 13849-1 |
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116 | (8) |
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3.4.4 Safety Requirement Specification |
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124 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Required Level (SIL or PL) of Functional Safety |
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125 | (8) |
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3.4.6 Designing Your Own Matrix or Risk Graph for Required SIL Determination |
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133 | (1) |
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3.5 Fire and Explosion Risks |
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134 | (23) |
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3.5.1 Introductory Comments |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Approaching the Fire and Explosion Risks |
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137 | (4) |
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3.5.4 Machinery Fire Risk Assessment |
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141 | (1) |
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3.5.5 Fire Risk Assessment Guidelines |
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142 | (3) |
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3.5.6 Machinery and ATEX Directive Relations |
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145 | (1) |
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3.5.7 ATEX Equipment Directive 2014/34 Risk Assessment |
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146 | (4) |
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3.5.8 Workplace Fire Risk Assessment |
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150 | (3) |
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3.5.9 Workplace Fire Risk Assessment Guidelines |
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153 | (4) |
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3.6 Machinery Safety Standards |
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157 | (6) |
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3.6.1 Machinery Directive Standards, Listed According to Content |
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157 | (5) |
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3.6.2 Equivalence Between EN and ISO Standards |
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162 | (1) |
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3.7 Machinery Workplace Directive |
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163 | (4) |
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163 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Framework Directive |
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163 | (2) |
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3.7.3 Use of Work Equipment |
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165 | (2) |
4 EHSR in Focus |
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167 | (46) |
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167 | (5) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (4) |
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172 | (5) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (4) |
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177 | (9) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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4.3.4 EU Legislation on Safety Signs |
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179 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Product Directive Provisions on Safety Signs |
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179 | (2) |
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4.3.6 Workplace Directive Provisions on Safety Signs |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (6) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (3) |
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4.4.5 Sound and Noise-Aspects and Terminology |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (6) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (5) |
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4.6 Hazardous Substances and Safety Data Sheets |
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198 | (15) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (12) |
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4.6.4 Acronyms and Designations |
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211 | (2) |
5 Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction Methodologies |
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213 | (30) |
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213 | (1) |
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5.2 Risk Assessment Steps |
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214 | (2) |
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5.3 Step 1: Limits of the Machinery |
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216 | (1) |
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5.4 Step 2: Hazard Identification Methods |
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217 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Machinery Directive, Annex I |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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5.4.3 HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) |
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219 | (3) |
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5.4.4 FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) |
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222 | (1) |
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5.4.5 FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) |
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222 | (1) |
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5.5 Step 3: Risk Estimation Tools |
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223 | (6) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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5.5.3 Supplementing by Using Numerical Scoring |
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227 | (1) |
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5.5.4 Risk Estimation Aspects |
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228 | (1) |
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5.6 Risk Reduction Based on Functional Safety |
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229 | (2) |
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5.6.1 PL and SIL Assignment Rooted in EN ISO 13849-1 |
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231 | (1) |
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5.7 Step 4: Risk Evaluation |
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231 | (2) |
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5.8 Step 5: Risk Elimination/Minimisation |
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233 | (1) |
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5.9 Risk Characterisation/Classification and Decision Making |
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234 | (3) |
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5.9.1 Risk Definition and Specification |
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234 | (1) |
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5.9.2 Some Danish Accident Numbers |
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234 | (1) |
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5.9.3 When Is Risk Acceptable? |
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235 | (2) |
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5.10 Acceptable Risk and the Level of Functional Safety (SIL) |
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237 | (3) |
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5.11 Emergency Stop Decisions |
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240 | (3) |
6 Basic Knowledge on Fires and Explosions |
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243 | (10) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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6.5 Confined (Internal) Explosions |
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248 | (1) |
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6.6 Partly Confined Gas Explosions |
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249 | (1) |
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6.7 Gas Explosions in Process Areas and Unconfined Areas |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
Few Facts About the Author |
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253 | (2) |
Index |
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255 | |