Risk-Based Energy Management: DC, AC and Hybrid AC-DC Microgrids defines the problems and challenges of DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids and considers the right tactics and risk-based scheduling to tackle them. The book looks at the intermittent nature of renewable generation, demand and market price with the risk to DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids, which makes it relevant for anyone in renewable energy demand and supply. As utilization of distributed energy resources and the intermittent nature of renewable generations, demand and market price can put the operation of DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids at risk, this book presents a timely resource.
- Discusses both the challenges and solutions surrounding DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids
- Proposes robust scheduling of DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids under uncertain environments
- Includes modeling upstream grid prices, renewable resources and intermittent load in the decision-making process of DC, AC and hybrid AC-DC microgrids
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
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1 Energy management concept of AC, DC, and hybrid AC/DC microgrids |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Classification of microgrids |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Operation strategies and constraints |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.5 Energy management system |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (3) |
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2 Deterministic-based energy management of DC microgrids |
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11 | (20) |
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2.1 An introduction to microgrid systems |
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12 | (3) |
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2.2 Modeling of the components of the DC microgrid |
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15 | (4) |
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2.3 Configuration of the system |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (8) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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3 Stochastic-based energy management of DC microgrids |
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31 | (18) |
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32 | (2) |
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3.2 Uncertainty modeling with stochastic programming method |
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34 | (1) |
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3.3 Stochastic formulation of DC microgrids |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (6) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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4 Robust optimization-based energy management of DC microgrids |
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49 | (1) |
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4.2 A brief review of the robust optimization approach |
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50 | (2) |
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4.3 Robust optimization method |
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52 | (1) |
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4.4 Robust mixed-integer linear programming formulation of DC microgrid energy management |
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53 | (3) |
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4.5 The algorithm of the robust optimization problem |
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56 | (1) |
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4.6 Results and discussion |
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56 | (8) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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5 Information gap decision theory-based risk-constrained energy management of DC microgrids |
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67 | (16) |
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67 | (2) |
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5.2 The information gap decision theory background |
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69 | (1) |
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5.3 Mathematical formulation |
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70 | (5) |
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75 | (5) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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6 Deterministic-based energy management of AC microgrids |
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83 | (28) |
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Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (7) |
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6.3 Configuration of system |
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92 | (4) |
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96 | (12) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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7 Stochastic-based energy management of AC microgrids |
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111 | (24) |
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Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini |
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112 | (1) |
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7.2 Stochastic modeling of AC microgrid |
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112 | (7) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (3) |
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7.5 Results and discussion |
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122 | (10) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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8 Robust optimization-based energy management of AC microgrids |
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135 | (22) |
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135 | (2) |
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8.2 Robust mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation of the problem |
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137 | (4) |
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141 | (13) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
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9 Information gap decision theory--based risk-constrained energy management of AC microgrids |
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157 | (20) |
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157 | (1) |
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9.2 Implementation of information gap decision theory on AC microgrids |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (5) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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10 Deterministic-based energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrid |
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177 | (26) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (7) |
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186 | (14) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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11 Stochastic-based energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrid |
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203 | (26) |
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204 | (1) |
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11.2 Stochastic formulation of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid |
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205 | (5) |
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11.3 Stochastic simulation results |
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210 | (15) |
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11.4 Conclusion References |
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225 | (4) |
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12 Robust optimization-based energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrids |
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229 | (22) |
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230 | (1) |
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12.2 Robust mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation of the problem |
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230 | (6) |
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12.3 Results and discussion |
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236 | (13) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (2) |
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13 Information gap decision theory-based risk-constrained energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrids |
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251 | (24) |
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252 | (1) |
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13.2 Information decision gap theory-based formulation of the problem |
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253 | (6) |
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13.3 Results and discussion |
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259 | (13) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
Index |
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275 | |
Sayyad Nojavan, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran. His research areas include distribution networks operation, power system operation and economics, electricity market, hybrid energy system, retailer, microgrids, and risk management. He has also edited several books in the energy field, including Operation of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Distribution Networks. Mahdi Shafieezadeh, PhD, the Vice President of Iranian National Center for Knowledge-based Management at Sharif University of Technology, Iran. He is also Chairman of the Board at Iranian School of Graduate Studies in Business Management and Entrepreneurship. Noradin Ghadimi, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran. His research areas include power system analysis, electricity market, power system protection, hybrid energy system, uncertainty modelling and risk management.