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Roadmap to the Successful Development and Commercialization of Microbial Pest Control Products for Control of Arthropods 2011 ed. [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 386 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 790 g, XXVI, 386 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Progress in Biological Control 10
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Feb-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Springer
  • ISBN-10: 9400704364
  • ISBN-13: 9789400704367
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Roadmap to the Successful Development and Commercialization of Microbial Pest Control Products for Control of Arthropods 2011 ed.Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 386 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 790 g, XXVI, 386 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Progress in Biological Control 10
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Feb-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Springer
  • ISBN-10: 9400704364
  • ISBN-13: 9789400704367
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789400704367.html
Keywords:
Biocontrol is among the most promising methods for a safe, environmentally benign and sustainable pest control. Microbial pesticides offer a great potential, and it is anticipated that they will become a substantial part of the use of all crop protection products. Their development and commercialization, however, has been difficult and with many failures. In this book a rational and structured roadmap has been designed for the development and commercialization of microbial pest control products for the control of arthropod pests. The building blocks of the entire process are identified and essential aspects highlighted. Biopesticides based on entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes are elaborately discussed. This systematic roadmap with a strong focus on economics and market introduction will assist academic researchers and industrial developers of biopesticides in accomplishing their goal: the development of successful cost-effective microbial pesticides.

This volume provides a structured roadmap designed for the development and commercialization of microbial pest control products for arthropod pests. The text identifies the building blocks of the entire process, and highlights essential aspects.

Recenzijas

From the reviews:

As far as I know, no one has attempted this task in book form, and certainly not in such detail, and with so many real-life examples provided to document the conclusions. a valuable addition to the libraries of university, industrial and government researchers, as well as business persons, policy makers and regulators. Ravensberg analyzes both successful and failed products, identifying the factors shared by each. These analyses are instructive for researchers and companies who are embarking on new projects . (Wendy Gelernter, Society for Invertebrate Pathology Newsletter, Vol. 44 (3), November, 2011)

1 General Introduction and Outline
1(22)
1 Introduction
1(5)
1.1 Microbial Pest Control Products
1(1)
1.2 The Early History of Microbial Control
2(1)
1.3 The First Microbial Pest Control Products
2(1)
1.4 The Rise and Struggle of the Biopesticide Industry
3(1)
1.5 Hurdles and Constraints
3(2)
1.6 The Need for a Roadmap for the Development of a Microbial Pest Control Product
5(1)
2 Insect Pathogens as Microbial Control Agents
6(4)
2.1 Bacteria
6(2)
2.2 Fungi
8(1)
2.3 Viruses
8(1)
2.4 Protozoa and Microsporidia
9(1)
2.5 Nematodes
9(1)
3 Product Development Process
10(2)
4 Outline of this Book
12(2)
5 Appendix: Terminology and Definitions
14(9)
5.1 Microbial Pest Control Agents and Products
14(2)
5.2 Biological Control and Microbial Control
16(1)
5.3 Biocontrol Strategies
17(1)
5.4 Taxonomy
17(1)
References
18(5)
2 Selection of a Microbial Pest Control Agent
23(36)
1 Introduction
23(7)
1.1 Different Approaches in Finding a New Pest Control Agent
24(2)
1.2 Academic Research on the Selection and Development of a Microbial Pest Control Agent
26(3)
1.3 The Development of a Microbial Pest Control Agent from Finding to Product Launch by Industry
29(1)
2 Critical Steps and Factors in the Selection Process of a Microbial Pest Control Agent
30(10)
2.1 The Description of the Problem
31(1)
2.2 Scouting and Finding a Potential Solution
31(2)
2.3 Collection of a Microbial Pest Control Agent
33(1)
2.4 Selection of Species and Strain for the Development of a Bio-Insecticide
33(7)
3 Selection Criteria for a Microbial Pest Control Agent
40(8)
3.1 The Most Important Selection Criteria
40(1)
3.2 Mortality
41(5)
3.3 Production Efficiency
46(1)
3.4 Safety Profile
46(2)
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
48(11)
4.1 Considerations Leading to a "go/no go" -- Decision
48(1)
4.2 Importance of Parameters in the Selection Process
49(3)
4.3 Recommendations for Bio-Assays
52(1)
4.4 Final Conclusions and Recommendations
52(1)
References
53(6)
3 Mass Production and Product Development of a Microbial Pest Control Agent
59(70)
1 Introduction
60(1)
2 Process Development
61(20)
2.1 Mass Production and Downstream Processing
61(12)
2.2 Other Important Aspects in Mass Production
73(8)
3 Product Development
81(26)
3.1 Formulation
81(20)
3.2 Product Packaging
101(1)
3.3 Field Testing
102(4)
3.4 Product Specifications and Quality Control
106(1)
4 Production Economics and Final Product Costs
107(6)
4.1 A Cost Price Model for Biopesticides
107(4)
4.2 Economic Analyses of Biopesticides in the Literature
111(1)
4.3 Relevant Considerations for an Economic Analysis
112(1)
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
113(16)
5.1 Production Considerations and Recommendations
113(1)
5.2 Formulation Considerations and Recommendations
114(2)
5.3 Final Conclusions
116(1)
References
117(12)
4 Quality Control
129(42)
1 Introduction
129(2)
2 History of Quality Control in Microbial Pest Control Products
131(2)
3 Production Quality Control and Process Quality Control
133(1)
4 Product Quality Control of Microbial Pest Control Products
134(5)
4.1 Identity of the Microbial Pest Control Agent
135(1)
4.2 Number of Infective Propagules
136(1)
4.3 Microbial Purity
136(1)
4.4 Presence of Toxins
137(1)
4.5 Physical, Chemical and Technical Characteristics
137(1)
4.6 Efficacy
138(1)
4.7 Quality Control and Shelf-Life
138(1)
4.8 Quality Control Parameters for End-Use Products
139(1)
5 Critical Aspects of Product Quality Control with the Various Types of Pathogens
139(12)
5.1 Entomopathogenic Bacteria
140(3)
5.2 Entomopathogenic Fungi
143(2)
5.3 Baculoviruses
145(2)
5.4 Entomopathogenic Nematodes
147(3)
5.5 Product Quality Parameters
150(1)
6 Registration and Quality Control
151(4)
6.1 Registration Requirements Related to Quality Control ...
151(2)
6.2 Regulation Concerning Label Information
153(1)
6.3 Post-registration Product Inspection by Authorities
153(1)
6.4 Other Regulations that Have an Impact on Product Quality
154(1)
7 Practical Aspects of Product Quality Control
155(6)
7.1 Protocols, Sampling and Testing
155(1)
7.2 Determination of the Standards and Tolerance Ranges
156(1)
7.3 Virulence Testing and Determination of the Specifications
157(2)
7.4 Examples of Product Specifications
159(1)
7.5 Post-shipment Quality Control
159(1)
7.6 Costs of Quality Control
159(2)
8 Conclusions and Recommendations
161(10)
8.1 The Need for Quality Control
161(1)
8.2 Standardization of Biological Activity
162(1)
8.3 Recommendation for Tolerance Range of the Number of Active Ingredients
162(1)
8.4 Recommendation for an Acceptable Level of Microbial Contaminants
163(1)
8.5 Research Needs for Alternatives to Virulence Testing
164(1)
8.6 Total Quality Assurance
164(1)
8.7 The Benefits of Quality Control
165(1)
References
166(5)
5 Registration of Microbial Pest Control Agents and Products and Other Related Regulations
171(64)
1 Introduction
171(2)
2 Registration of Microbial Pest Control Agents and Products
173(27)
2.1 The Development of Data Requirements
174(2)
2.2 The Role of Researchers and Industry in the Development of Data Requirements
176(1)
2.3 Regulatory Framework for Registration of Microbial Pesticides
177(1)
2.4 The Generation of a Dossier
178(4)
2.5 Data Requirement Issues
182(4)
2.6 Regulatory Authorities and Procedures in the EU
186(5)
2.7 The EU Policy Support Action REBECA
191(4)
2.8 Harmonization Efforts by the OECD BioPesticides Steering Group
195(1)
2.9 Registered Microbial Pest Control Agents in the EU
196(1)
2.10 Registration Costs
197(2)
2.11 Data Protection
199(1)
3 Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Regulations
200(7)
3.1 Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Safety
200(1)
3.2 Entomopathogenic Nematodes and the EU Directive 91/414/EEC
201(1)
3.3 Registration and Data Requirements in Various Countries
202(1)
3.4 The Struggle with Regulations for Import, Export, and Use of Macrobial Biocontrol Agents
203(1)
3.5 The Confusing Burden of Procedures
204(1)
3.6 The EU Policy Support Action REBECA and Nematodes
205(1)
3.7 Intellectual Property Rights and Data Protection Related to Nematode Registration
206(1)
4 Exotic Organisms and Microbial Pesticides
207(1)
4.1 Biodiversity Regulations
207(1)
4.2 Registration and Exotic Organisms
208(1)
5 Safe Handling of Microorganisms
208(1)
6 Intellectual Property Rights
209(4)
6.1 Patentability of an Entomopathogenic Microorganism
210(1)
6.2 Patent Application
210(1)
6.3 Patent Protection Period
211(1)
6.4 Patents on Microbial Pest Control Agents
211(1)
6.5 Considerations Regarding the Patenting of Microbial Pesticides
212(1)
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
213(22)
7.1 Obstacles and Improvements in the Registration of Microbial Pesticides
213(5)
7.2 Recommendations for a New Registration Procedure for Nematodes
218(2)
7.3 New Regulations Which May Affect the Registration and Use of Microbial Pesticides
220(1)
7.4 Snake Oils and Illegally Sold Microbial Pesticides
221(1)
7.5 Position and Lobbying Actions of IBMA
222(1)
7.6 Future Outlook
223(1)
References
223(12)
6 Implementation of a Microbial Pest Control Product in an Integrated Pest Management Programme
235(60)
1 Introduction
235(2)
2 Development of an Application Strategy
237(8)
2.1 Delivery Methods for Microbial Pest Control Products
239(1)
2.2 Applications and Timing, Frequency, Intervals and Combinations
240(1)
2.3 Environmental Effects
241(1)
2.4 Crop and Cultivation Effects
242(1)
2.5 Host Plant-Mediated Effects
243(1)
2.6 Relevant Considerations for the Development of an Application Strategy
244(1)
3 Development of an Integrated Pest Management Strategy
245(23)
3.1 Compatibility of Chemical Pesticides with Microbial Pest Control Products
247(2)
3.2 Compatibility of Microbial Pest Control Products with Natural Enemies and Pollinators
249(5)
3.3 Integrated Use and Interactions Between Microbial Pest Control Products and Natural Enemies
254(6)
3.4 Combinations and Mixtures of Microbial Pest Control Products
260(4)
3.5 Combined Use of Microbial Pest Control Products and Other Pesticides
264(3)
3.6 Use of Insects as Vectors to Disseminate Microbial Pest Control Products
267(1)
4 Resistance and Microbial Pest Control Products
268(2)
4.1 Resistance Against Entomopathogens
268(2)
4.2 Use of Microbial Pest Control Products in Resistance Management Programmes
270(1)
5 Practical Aspects of Side-Effect Testing
270(4)
5.1 Side-Effects of Chemical Pesticides on Entomopathogens
270(2)
5.2 Side-Effects of Entomopathogens on Beneficial Organisms
272(2)
6 Implementation of Microbial Pest Control Products and Knowledge Transfer
274(3)
6.1 Adoption of a Microbial Pest Control Product
274(1)
6.2 Implementation of a Microbial Pest Control Product in an IPM System
274(1)
6.3 Stakeholders' Involvement, with Emphasis on Growers
275(1)
6.4 Ecological Effects Versus Direct Effects
276(1)
6.5 Successful Implementation Requires Continued Efforts
277(1)
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
277(18)
7.1 Application and Implementation Strategy
277(1)
7.2 Compatibility Profile of Microbial Pest Control Products
278(1)
7.3 Microbial Pest Control Products and Interactions with Other Control Components
279(1)
7.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microbial Pest Control Products in IPM Programmes
280(1)
7.5 Costs of IPM Implementation
280(1)
7.6 The Potential of Combinations
281(1)
References
281(14)
7 Critical Factors in the Successful Commercialization of Microbial Pest Control Products
295(62)
1 Introduction
295(2)
2 The Historical Development of Biopesticide Companies and Microbial Pest Control Products
297(10)
2.1 History of the Biopesticide Industry
298(1)
2.2 Currently Active Biopesticide Manufacturers
299(2)
2.3 Overview of Currently Available Products
301(6)
3 Overview of Current Use of Microbial Pest Control Products
307(8)
3.1 Global Microbial Pesticide Market
307(2)
3.2 The European Microbial Pesticide Market
309(1)
3.3 Microbial Pesticide Market in the Netherlands
310(1)
3.4 Microbial Pesticide Market for Protected Crops
310(2)
3.5 The Main Crops for Microbial Pesticides
312(1)
3.6 Successful Entomopathogenic Products
313(1)
3.7 Sales and Profitability of Producers
314(1)
4 Critical Success and Failure Factors for a Biopesticide Company
315(5)
4.1 Successful and Unsuccessful Companies
315(3)
4.2 Critical Commercial Success Factors
318(2)
5 Factors that Influence the Decision to Develop and Commercialize Microbial Pesticides
320(6)
5.1 Product and Market Related Factors
320(3)
5.2 The Decision Process
323(3)
6 Is There a Successful Business Model for a Biopesticide Company?
326(3)
6.1 Business Models in the Biopesticide Industry
326(2)
6.2 Characteristics of Successful Biopesticide Companies
328(1)
6.3 Key Components of a Successful Business Model
329(1)
7 Critical Success and Failure Factors for a Microbial Pesticide
329(6)
7.1 Requirements for a Successful Microbial Pesticide
330(1)
7.2 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
331(1)
7.3 How to Predict Success of a Microbial Pesticide?
332(1)
7.4 Breakthroughs in Technology Lead to Successful Products
333(2)
8 Developmental Costs and Time of a Microbial Pest Control Product
335(5)
8.1 Total Developmental Costs
335(2)
8.2 Time to Market
337(1)
8.3 The Role of Public and Industrial Research in the Development of Microbial Pesticides
338(2)
9 Distribution and Sale Strategies
340(3)
9.1 Various Models for Distribution
340(1)
9.2 The Role of a Distributor
341(1)
9.3 The Distribution Channel
342(1)
10 Conclusions and Recommendations
343(14)
10.1 Successful Biopesticide Companies and Products
343(1)
10.2 Five Determinants for Success or Failure
344(3)
10.3 Recommendations for Successful Commercialization of a Microbial Pesticide
347(1)
10.4 Requirements for a Company to be Successful
347(1)
References
348(9)
8 Roadmap to Success and Future Perspective
357(20)
1 Introduction
357(6)
1.1 Identification of Selection Criteria
358(1)
1.2 Critical Parameters in Product Development
358(2)
1.3 Quality Control Procedures
360(1)
1.4 Implementation in an IPM System
360(1)
1.5 Key Success and Failure Factors in the Commercialization Process
361(1)
1.6 Salient Regulatory Topics
362(1)
2 Roadmap to a Successful Microbial Pest Control Product
363(4)
3 Future Perspective
367(5)
3.1 Limiting Factors and Threats
367(2)
3.2 Promotional Factors and Trends
369(3)
4 Concluding Remarks
372(5)
4.1 Market Size and Growth
373(1)
4.2 The Way Forward
373(1)
References
374(3)
Index of Entomopathogen Species 377(2)
Subject Index 379