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E-grāmata: Rock Reinforcement and Rock Support

(University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan)
  • Formāts: 500 pages
  • Sērija : ISRM Book Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Jan-2018
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351597401
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Rock Reinforcement and Rock SupportPalielināt
  • Formāts: 500 pages
  • Sērija : ISRM Book Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Jan-2018
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351597401
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The stability of underground and surface geotechnical structures during and after excavation is of great concern as any kind of instability may result in damage to the environment as well as time-consuming high cost repair work. The forms of instability, their mechanisms and the conditions associated with them must be understood so that correct stabilisation of the structure through rock reinforcement and/or rock support can be undertaken.

Rock Reinforcement and Rock Support elucidates the reinforcement functions of rock bolts/rock anchors and support systems consisting of shotcrete, steel ribs and concrete liners and evaluates their reinforcement and supporting effects both qualitatively and quantitatively. It draws on the research activities and practices carried out by the author for more than three decades and has culminated in a most extensive up-to-date and a complete treatise on rock reinforcement and rock support.

Recenzijas

"This book offers a wide variety of scholarly and applied approaches that can be used for stabilizing excavations in rock masses underground and surface. The author connects the theory with practice through numerous examples involving numerical modeling, laboratory testing, and in situ experimentations. These examples are mostly based on the author's wide-ranging experience worldwide on the subject. Rich in photographs and illustrations, the book offers educational and practical outcomes that can be used by the educators. The book gives an extensive coverage of the mechanisms involved during the rock mass - support interaction process, which are demonstrated through a wide variety of case histories. Also incorporated in the book are the examples from the rock reinforcement practices presented through detailed sketches and photographs. Researchers and practitioners can benefit from the book too as a valuable supplement to their work through a wide variety of numerical and in situ modeling exercises."

Ugur Ozbay, Professor at the Department of Mining Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines. Reviewed Feb 2018.

About the author xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction
1(6)
2 Mechanism of failure in rock engineering structures and its influencing factors
7(24)
2.1 Rock, discontinuities, and rock mass
7(9)
2.1.1 Rocks
7(2)
2.1.2 Origin of discontinuities in rock and their mechanical behavior
9(4)
2.1.3 Rock mass and its mechanical behavior
13(3)
2.2 Modes of instability about underground openings
16(7)
2.3 Modes of instability of slopes
23(4)
2.4 Modes of instability of foundations
27(4)
3 Design philosophy of rock support and rock reinforcement
31(36)
3.1 Introduction
31(2)
3.2 Empirical design methods
33(7)
3.2.1 Rock Quality Designation (RQD) method
35(1)
3.2.2 Rock Mass Rating (RMR)
35(2)
3.2.3 Q-system (rock tunneling quality Index)
37(2)
3.2.4 Rock Mass Quality Rating (RMQR)
39(1)
3.3 Analytical approach
40(2)
3.3.1 Hydrostatic in situ stress state
40(1)
3.3.2 Non-hydrostatic in situ stress state
41(1)
3.4 Numerical methods
42(4)
3.5 Methods for stabilization against local instabilities
46(5)
3.5.1 Estimation of suspension loads
46(2)
3.5.2 Sliding loads
48(1)
3.5.3 Loads due to flexural toppling
49(2)
3.6 Integrated and unified method of design
51(5)
3.7 Considerations on the philosophy of support and reinforcement design of rock slopes
56(6)
3.7.1 Empirical design systems
56(2)
3.7.2 Kinematic approach
58(1)
3.7.3 Integrated stability assessment and design system for rock slopes
58(4)
3.8 Considerations on philosophy of support design of pylons
62(3)
3.8.1 Geological, geophysical, and mechanical investigations
64(1)
3.8.2 Specification of material properties
64(1)
3.9 Considerations on the philosophy of foundation design of dams and bridges
65(2)
4 Rockbolts (rockanchors)
67(70)
4.1 Introduction
67(2)
4.2 Rockbolt/rockanchor materials and their mechanical behaviors
69(7)
4.2.1 Yield/failure criteria of rockbolts
70(2)
4.2.2 Constitutive modeling of rockbolt material
72(4)
4.3 Characteristics and material behavior of bonding annulus
76(18)
4.3.1 Push-out/pull-out tests
76(7)
4.3.2 Shear tests
83(11)
4.4 Axial and shear reinforcement effects of bolts in continuum
94(5)
4.4.1 Contribution to the deformational moduli of the medium
94(1)
4.4.2 Contribution to the strength of the medium
94(3)
4.4.3 Improvement of apparent mechanical properties of rock and confining pressure effect
97(2)
4.5 Axial and shear reinforcement effects of bolts in medium with discontinuities
99(11)
4.5.1 Increment of the tensile resistance of a discontinuity plane by a rockbolt
101(1)
4.5.2 Increment of the shear resistance of a discontinuity plane by a rockbolt
101(5)
4.5.3 Response of rockbolts to movements at/along discontinuities
106(4)
4.6 Estimation of the cyclic yield strength of interfaces for pull-out capacity
110(1)
4.7 Estimation of the yield strength of interfaces in boreholes
111(2)
4.8 Pull-out capacity
113(14)
4.8.1 Constitutive equations
114(2)
4.8.2 Governing equations
116(11)
4.9 Simulation of pull-out tests
127(5)
4.10 Mesh bolting
132(5)
4.10.1 Evaluation of elastic modulus of reinforced medium
132(2)
4.10.2 Evaluation of tensile strength of reinforced medium
134(3)
5 Support members
137(18)
5.1 Introduction
137(1)
5.2 Shotcrete
137(11)
5.2.1 Historical background
137(1)
5.2.2 Experiments on shotcrete
138(8)
5.2.3 Constitutive modeling
146(1)
5.2.4 Structural modeling of shotcrete
147(1)
5.3 Concrete liners
148(3)
5.3.1 Historical background
148(1)
5.3.2 Mechanical behavior of concrete
148(2)
5.3.3 Constitutive modeling of concrete
150(1)
5.3.4 Structural modeling
150(1)
5.4 Steel liners and steel ribs/sets
151(4)
5.4.1 Steel liners
151(1)
5.4.2 Steel ribs/sets
151(1)
5.4.3 Constitutive modeling
151(1)
5.4.4 Structural modeling
151(4)
6 Finite element modeling of reinforcement/support system
155(22)
6.1 Introduction
155(1)
6.2 Modeling reinforcement systems: rockbolts
155(11)
6.2.1 Mechanical modeling of steel bar
156(1)
6.2.2 Mechanical modeling of grout annulus
156(3)
6.2.3 Finite element formulation of rockbolt element
159(7)
6.3 Finite element modeling of shotcrete
166(2)
6.4 Finite element modeling of steel ribs/sets or shields
168(2)
6.5 Finite element analysis of support and reinforcement systems
170(1)
6.6 Discrete finite element method (DFEM-BOLT) for the analysis of support and reinforcement systems
171(6)
6.6.1 Mechanical modeling
171(1)
6.6.2 Finite element modeling
172(1)
6.6.3 Finite element modeling of block contacts
173(2)
6.6.4 Considerations of support and reinforcement system
175(2)
7 Applications to underground structures
177(112)
7.1 Introduction
177(1)
7.2 Analytical approach
177(40)
7.2.1 Solutions for hydrostatic in situ stress state for support system and fully grouted rockbolts
177(22)
7.2.2 Solutions for hydrostatic in situ stress state for pre-stressed rockanchors
199(8)
7.2.3 Analytical solutions for non-hydrostatic in situ stress state
207(10)
7.3 Numerical analyses on the reinforcement and support effects in continuum
217(18)
7.3.1 Effect of bolt spacing
217(1)
7.3.2 Effect of the magnitude of the allowed displacement before the installation of the bolts
217(1)
7.3.3 Effect of elastic modulus of the surrounding rock
218(1)
7.3.4 Effect of equipping rockbolts with bearing plates
219(2)
7.3.5 Effect of bolting pattern
221(2)
7.3.6 Applications to actual tunnel excavations
223(4)
7.3.7 Comparison of reinforcement effects of rockbolts and shotcrete
227(5)
7.3.8 Application to Tawarazaka Tunnel
232(3)
7.4 Mesh bolting in compressed air energy storage schemes
235(7)
7.4.1 Analytical solution
235(3)
7.4.2 Applications
238(4)
7.5 Reinforcement effects of rockbolts in discontinuum
242(25)
7.5.1 Reinforcement against separation: suspension effect
242(2)
7.5.2 Pillars: shear reinforcement of a discontinuity by a rockbolt
244(2)
7.5.3 Shear reinforcement against bending and beam building effect
246(2)
7.5.4 Reinforcement against flexural and columnar toppling failure
248(6)
7.5.5 Reinforcement against sliding
254(2)
7.5.6 Arch formation effect
256(11)
7.6 Support of subsea tunnels
267(1)
7.7 Reinforcement and support of shafts
268(3)
7.8 Special form of rock support: backfilling of abandoned room and pillar mines
271(8)
7.8.1 Short-term experiments
272(7)
7.82 Long-term experiments
279(10)
7.8.3 Verification of the effect of backfilling through in situ monitoring
281(2)
7.8.4 Analysis of backfilling of abandoned mines
283(6)
8 Reinforcement and support of rock slopes
289(28)
8.1 Introduction
289(1)
8.2 Reinforcement against planar sliding
289(7)
8.2.1 Finite element analysis
290(2)
8.2.2 Physical model experiments
292(1)
8.2.3 Discrete finite element analyses
293(3)
8.3 Reinforcement against flexural toppling failure
296(4)
8.3.1 Limit equilibrium method
296(1)
8.3.2 Finite element method
297(1)
8.3.3 Discrete finite element analyses
298(2)
8.4 Reinforcement against columnar toppling failure
300(4)
8.4.1 Physical model experiments
301(1)
8.4.2 Discrete finite element analyses
302(2)
8.5 Reinforcement against combined sliding and shearing
304(8)
8.5.1 Formulation
304(5)
8.5.2 Stabilization
309(1)
8.5.3 Applications
309(3)
8.6 Physical model tests on the stabilization effect of rockbolts and shotcrete on discontinuous rock slopes using tilting frame apparatus
312(4)
8.6.1 Model materials and their properties
312(1)
8.6.2 Apparatuses and testing procedure
312(1)
8.6.3 Test cases
313(1)
8.6.4 Results and discussions
313(3)
8.7 Stabilization of slope against buckling failure
316(1)
9 Foundations
317(58)
9.1 Introduction
317(1)
9.2 Foundations under tension
317(48)
9.2.1 Pylons
317(21)
9.2.2 Design of anchorages
338(15)
9.2.3 Suspension bridges
353(12)
9.3 Foundations under compressions
365(10)
9.3.1 Base foundations
365(5)
9.3.2 Cylindrical sockets (piles)
370(5)
10 Dynamics of rock reinforcement and rock support
375(34)
10.1 Introduction
375(1)
10.2 Dynamic response of point-anchored rockbolt model under impulsive load
376(2)
10.3 Dynamic response of yielding rockbolts under impulsive load
378(3)
10.4 Turbine induced vibrations in an underground powerhouse
381(2)
10.5 Dynamic behavior of rockbolts and rockanchors subjected to shaking
383(4)
10.5.1 Model tests on rockanchors restraining potentially unstable rock block at sidewall of underground openings
383(3)
10.5.2 Model tests on rockanchors restraining potentially unstable rock block in roof of underground openings
386(1)
10.6 Planar sliding of rock slope models
387(7)
10.7 A theoretical approach for evaluating axial forces in rockanchors subjected to shaking and its applications to model tests
394(1)
10.8 Application of the theoretical approach to rockanchors of an underground powerhouse subjected to turbine-induced shaking
395(2)
10.9 Model tests on fully grouted rockbolts restraining a potentially unstable rock block against sliding
397(7)
10.10 Excavations
404(3)
10.10.1 Unbolted circular openings
405(1)
10.10.2 Bolted circular openings
406(1)
10.11 Dynamic response of rockbolts and steel ribs during blasting
407(2)
11 Corrosion, degradation, and nondestructive testing
409(46)
11.1 Introduction
409(1)
11.2 Corrosion and its assessment
409(19)
11.2.1 The principle of iron corrosion
409(1)
11.2.2 Factors controlling corrosion rate
410(1)
11.2.3 Experiments on corrosion rate of rockbolts
411(4)
11.2.4 Observations of iron bolts at Koseto hot spring discharge site
415(4)
11.2.5 Corrosion of iron at Ikejima Seashore
419(1)
11.2.6 Corrosion of deformed bar at Tekkehamam hot spring site
420(1)
11.2.7 Corrosion of an iron bar at Moyeuvre abandoned iron mine and its investigation by X-ray CT scanning technique
421(2)
11.2.8 Simulation of corrosion
423(1)
11.2.9 Effect of corrosion on the physico-mechanical properties of tendon
424(2)
11.2.10 Estimation of failure time of tendons
426(2)
11.3 Effect of degradation of support system
428(1)
11.4 Nondestructive testing for soundness evaluation
429(23)
11.4.1 Impact waves for nondestructive testing of rockbolts and rockanchors
430(21)
11.4.2 Guided ultrasonic wave method
451(1)
11.4.3 Magneto-elastic sensor method
452(1)
11.4.4 Lift-off testing technique
452(1)
11.5 Conclusions
452(3)
12 Conclusions
455(8)
Bibliography 463(18)
Subject Index 481
Ömer Aydan was born in 1955, and studied Mining Engineering at the Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey (B.Sc., 1979), Rock Mechanics and Excavation Engineering at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (M.Sc., 1982), and received his Ph.D. in Geotechnical Engineering from Nagoya University, Japan in 1989. Prof. Aydan worked at Nagoya University as a research associate (1987-1991), and then at the Department of Marine Civil Engineering at Tokai University, first as Assistant Professor (1991-1993), then as Associate Professor (1993-2001), and finally as Professor (2001-2010). He then became Professor of the Institute of Oceanic Research and Development at Tokai University, and is currently Professor at the University of Ryukyus, Department of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.

Ömer has played an active role on numerous ISRM, JSCE, JGS, SRI and Rock Mech. National Group of Japan committees, and has organized several national and international symposia and conferences.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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