Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Intrinsic Continuous Process Safeguarding |
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1 | (1) |
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1.3 The Flixborough Accident in the United Kingdom in 1974 |
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2 | (1) |
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1.4 The Seveso Emission in Italy in 1976 |
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3 | (2) |
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1.5 The Bhopal Emission in India in 1984 |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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2 Procedural, Active, and Passive Safety |
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7 | (10) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.3 Four Failures of Emergency Power Units |
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8 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Twenteborg Hospital at Almelo in The Netherlands in 2002 |
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8 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Westfries Gasthuis (Hospital) at Hoorn in The Netherlands in 2003 |
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9 | (1) |
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2.3.4 ZGT Hengelo Hospital at Hengelo (O) in The Netherlands in 2011 |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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2.4 The Failure of the Blowout Preventer (BOP) at the Gulf Oil Explosion in 2010 |
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10 | (3) |
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2.5 The Safeguarding of Formula One Races |
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13 | (1) |
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2.6 Dust Explosion Relief Venting |
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14 | (3) |
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3 Safety Improvements over the Years |
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17 | (22) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (9) |
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3.2.1 Road Transport in The Netherlands |
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17 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Unidirectional Road Traffic in Tunnels |
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18 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Rail Transport in The Netherlands |
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19 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Chlorine Transport by Rail |
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20 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912 |
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20 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Oil Tankers with Double Hull |
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21 | (1) |
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3.2.7 Two Comet Accidents in 1954 |
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22 | (4) |
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3.2.8 Helium Gas for Zeppelins --- Zeppelin Crash in 1937 |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (6) |
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3.3.1 Cotton Spinning Plants |
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26 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Akzo Nobel Extracts Salt Without Subsidence |
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27 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Two New Cocoa Warehouses at Amsterdam in 2011 |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Clamp-on Ultrasonic Flow Measurement |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Inundation of Part of The Netherlands in 1953 |
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32 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Replacement of Coal Gas by Natural Gas in The Netherlands |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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3.4.5 Street Motor Races in The Netherlands |
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36 | (1) |
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3.4.6 An Unexpected Effect: Squatters Wear Moped Safety Helmets |
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37 | (2) |
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4 Safety Aspects Need Attention |
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39 | (23) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (12) |
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4.2.1 Bus on Natural Gas Afire at Wassenaar in The Netherlands in 2012 |
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40 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Light Trucks with Trailers are Dangerous |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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4.2.4 The Eschede Train Accident in Germany in 1998 |
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45 | (2) |
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4.2.5 Burning Battery in Boeing 787 Dreamliner in 2013 |
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47 | (3) |
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4.2.6 Ferry Service on the North Sea Canal in The Netherlands |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (10) |
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4.3.1 Earthquakes Related to the Production of Natural Gas in the Northern Part of The Netherlands |
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52 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Fire at Chemie-Pack at Moerdijk in The Netherlands in 2011 |
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56 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Inflammable Building Insulation Material |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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5 Make Accidents and Incidents Virtually Impossible |
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62 | (15) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Bus Accident near Barcelona in 2009 |
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62 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Bus Accident in Hungary in 2003 |
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63 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Two Train/Truck and Trailer Collisions at Gronau in Germany in 2011 and 2013 |
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64 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Derailment at Wetteren in Belgium in 2013 |
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66 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Derailment at Santiago di Compostela in Spain in 2013 |
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67 | (1) |
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5.2.6 Derailment at Port Richmond, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA in 2015 |
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67 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Sinking of the Baltic Ace in the North Sea in 2012 |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Death in a Container for Used Clothes at Hannover in Germany in 2012 |
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71 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Death in a Restaurant at Zutphen in The Netherlands in 2014 |
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71 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Traffic Accident at Raard in The Netherlands in 2013 |
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72 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Accident at a Soccer Match at Eindhoven in The Netherlands in 2013 |
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72 | (1) |
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5.3.5 A Gust of Wind at Delden in The Netherlands in 2013 |
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73 | (1) |
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5.3.6 Boy Falls into Water Basin at Hengelo (O) in The Netherlands in 2013 |
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74 | (1) |
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5.3.7 Damaged Cow Teats at Losser in The Netherlands in 2009 |
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75 | (2) |
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6 Design with Ample Margins |
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77 | (21) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (13) |
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6.2.1 Coach Accident in the Sierre Tunnel in Switzerland in 2012 |
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78 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Accident with a Bus at Almelo in The Netherlands in 2003 |
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79 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Accident in a Cable Railway at Kaprun in Austria in 2000 |
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79 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Flashing Red Lights for Rail Transport |
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80 | (1) |
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6.2.5 Luge Accident at Whistler in Canada in 2010 |
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81 | (1) |
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6.2.6 Concorde Accident at Paris in 2000 |
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81 | (3) |
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6.2.7 Space Shuttle Challenger Accident in 1986 |
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84 | (2) |
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6.2.8 Space Shuttle Columbia Accident in 2003 |
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86 | (1) |
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6.2.9 Air France Flight AF 447 Accident in 2009 |
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87 | (2) |
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6.2.10 Turkish Airways Flight TK1951 Accident Near Amsterdam in 2009 |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Mine Accident at Lengede in Germany in 1963 |
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91 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Collapse of Terminal 2E of Roissy Airport at Paris in 2004 |
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92 | (3) |
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6.3.3 Escape of a Gorilla in a Zoological Garden at Rotterdam in The Netherlands in 2007 |
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95 | (3) |
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7 The Risks of Enclosed Spaces |
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98 | (23) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (5) |
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Lethal accident aboard the Dutch ship Lady Irina in 2013 |
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104 | (7) |
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Lethal accident during maintenance of a phosphorus furnace at Flushing in The Netherlands in 2009 |
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111 | (10) |
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7.4.1 Fire in a Nightclub at West Warwick, Rhode Island in the United States in 2013 |
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111 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Slurry Silo at Makkinga in The Netherlands in 2013 |
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112 | (9) |
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8 Examples from the Chemical Industry |
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121 | (19) |
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121 | (1) |
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8.2 Runaway Reaction at T2 Laboratories at Jacksonville, Florida in the United States in 2007 |
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122 | (2) |
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8.3 Reactions with Epoxides |
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124 | (1) |
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8.4 Explosions at Shell Moerdijk at Moerdijk in The Netherlands in 2014 |
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125 | (6) |
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8.5 DSM Melamine Plant Explosion at Geleen in The Netherlands in 2003 |
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131 | (5) |
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8.6 Dryer Explosion in a Dow Plant at King's Lynn, Norfolk in the United Kingdom in 1976 |
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136 | (4) |
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140 | (27) |
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140 | (1) |
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9.2 Flashing Inflammable Liquids |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (4) |
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9.4 Nijmegen in The Netherlands in 1978 |
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147 | (4) |
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9.5 Los Alfaques in Spain in 1978 |
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151 | (2) |
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9.6 Viareggio in Italy in 2009 |
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153 | (1) |
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9.7 A Narrow Escape at Tilburg in The Netherlands in 2015 |
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154 | (6) |
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9.8 Diemen in The Netherlands in 2014 |
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160 | (7) |
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10 Nuclear Power Stations |
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167 | (36) |
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167 | (3) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (2) |
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10.2 Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) |
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170 | (5) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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10.3 Three Mile Island (TMI) |
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175 | (5) |
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180 | (6) |
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10.5 High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs) |
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186 | (13) |
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186 | (3) |
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10.5.2 Safety Aspects of HTGRs |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (6) |
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10.5.4 Prismatic Block Reactor |
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196 | (2) |
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10.5.5 Comparison Between PBR and Prismatic Block Reactor |
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198 | (1) |
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10.6 Comparison Between Light Water Reactors (LWRs, i.e. PWRs and BWRs) and HTGRs |
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199 | (4) |
Index |
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203 | |