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E-grāmata: Safety in Design

  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Sep-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118745588
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Sep-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118745588
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Expert insight and guidance on integrating safety into design to significantly reduce risks to people, systems, property, and communities

Safe design refers to the integration of hazard identification and risk assessment methods early in the design process so as to eliminate or minimize the risks of catastrophic failure throughout the life of a system, process, product, or service. This book provides engineers, designers, scientists and governmental officials with the knowledge and tools needed to seamlessly incorporate safety into the design of civil, industrial, and agricultural installations, as well as transportation systems, so as to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.

The methodology described in Safety in Design originates from the continuous safeguarding techniques first developed in the chemical industry and can successfully be applied to a range of industrial and civil settings. While the author focuses mainly on the aspects of safe design, he also addresses procedures which have a proven track record of preventing and alleviating the impacts of accidents with existing designs. He shares lessons learned from his nearly half-century of experience in the field and provides accounts of mishaps which could have been prevented, or significantly mitigated, based on data collected from approximately seventy incidents that have occurred in various countries.

    Describes the application of safe design in an array of fields, including the chemical industry, transportation, farming, the building trade, and leisure

    Reviews the history of intrinsic process safeguarding, which was first used in the chemical industry to minimize the risk of human error or instrumentation failure

    Describes dozens of preventable incidents to illustrate the critical role safe design can play

    Provides expert guidance and valuable tools for seamlessly weaving safety into every phase of the design process

Safety in Design is an indispensable working resource for chemical, civil, mechanical, risk, and safety engineers, as well as professional R&D scientists, and process safety professionals. It is also a useful reference for insurers who deal with catastrophic loss potentials, and for government personnel who regulate or monitor industrial plants and procedures, traffic systems, and more. 
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Intrinsic Continuous Process Safeguarding
1(1)
1.3 The Flixborough Accident in the United Kingdom in 1974
2(1)
1.4 The Seveso Emission in Italy in 1976
3(2)
1.5 The Bhopal Emission in India in 1984
5(1)
1.6 Concluding Remarks
5(2)
2 Procedural, Active, and Passive Safety
7(10)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Definitions
8(1)
2.3 Four Failures of Emergency Power Units
8(2)
2.3.1 Introduction
8(1)
2.3.2 Twenteborg Hospital at Almelo in The Netherlands in 2002
8(1)
2.3.3 Westfries Gasthuis (Hospital) at Hoorn in The Netherlands in 2003
9(1)
2.3.4 ZGT Hengelo Hospital at Hengelo (O) in The Netherlands in 2011
9(1)
2.3.5 Chemical Plant
10(1)
2.3.6 Additional Remarks
10(1)
2.4 The Failure of the Blowout Preventer (BOP) at the Gulf Oil Explosion in 2010
10(3)
2.5 The Safeguarding of Formula One Races
13(1)
2.6 Dust Explosion Relief Venting
14(3)
3 Safety Improvements over the Years
17(22)
3.1 Introduction
17(1)
3.2 Transport
17(9)
3.2.1 Road Transport in The Netherlands
17(1)
3.2.2 Unidirectional Road Traffic in Tunnels
18(1)
3.2.3 Rail Transport in The Netherlands
19(1)
3.2.4 Chlorine Transport by Rail
20(1)
3.2.5 Sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912
20(1)
3.2.6 Oil Tankers with Double Hull
21(1)
3.2.7 Two Comet Accidents in 1954
22(4)
3.2.8 Helium Gas for Zeppelins --- Zeppelin Crash in 1937
26(1)
3.3 Industry
26(6)
3.3.1 Cotton Spinning Plants
26(1)
3.3.2 Akzo Nobel Extracts Salt Without Subsidence
27(1)
3.3.3 Two New Cocoa Warehouses at Amsterdam in 2011
28(1)
3.3.4 Flame Retardants
29(1)
3.3.5 Clamp-on Ultrasonic Flow Measurement
30(2)
3.4 Society
32(7)
3.4.1 Inundation of Part of The Netherlands in 1953
32(2)
3.4.2 Replacement of Coal Gas by Natural Gas in The Netherlands
34(1)
3.4.3 CFCs
35(1)
3.4.4 Dioxin in Feed
36(1)
3.4.5 Street Motor Races in The Netherlands
36(1)
3.4.6 An Unexpected Effect: Squatters Wear Moped Safety Helmets
37(2)
4 Safety Aspects Need Attention
39(23)
4.1 Introduction
39(1)
4.2 Transport
40(12)
4.2.1 Bus on Natural Gas Afire at Wassenaar in The Netherlands in 2012
40(2)
4.2.2 Light Trucks with Trailers are Dangerous
42(2)
4.2.3 Car Refrigerants
44(1)
4.2.4 The Eschede Train Accident in Germany in 1998
45(2)
4.2.5 Burning Battery in Boeing 787 Dreamliner in 2013
47(3)
4.2.6 Ferry Service on the North Sea Canal in The Netherlands
50(2)
4.3 Society
52(10)
4.3.1 Earthquakes Related to the Production of Natural Gas in the Northern Part of The Netherlands
52(4)
4.3.2 Fire at Chemie-Pack at Moerdijk in The Netherlands in 2011
56(3)
4.3.3 Inflammable Building Insulation Material
59(1)
4.3.4 Rolling Shutters
60(2)
5 Make Accidents and Incidents Virtually Impossible
62(15)
5.1 Introduction
62(1)
5.2 Transport
62(9)
5.2.1 Bus Accident near Barcelona in 2009
62(1)
5.2.2 Bus Accident in Hungary in 2003
63(1)
5.2.3 Two Train/Truck and Trailer Collisions at Gronau in Germany in 2011 and 2013
64(2)
5.2.4 Derailment at Wetteren in Belgium in 2013
66(1)
5.2.5 Derailment at Santiago di Compostela in Spain in 2013
67(1)
5.2.6 Derailment at Port Richmond, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA in 2015
67(1)
5.2.7 Sinking of the Baltic Ace in the North Sea in 2012
68(1)
5.2.8 Aerotoxic Syndrome
69(2)
5.3 Society
71(6)
5.3.1 Death in a Container for Used Clothes at Hannover in Germany in 2012
71(1)
5.3.2 Death in a Restaurant at Zutphen in The Netherlands in 2014
71(1)
5.3.3 Traffic Accident at Raard in The Netherlands in 2013
72(1)
5.3.4 Accident at a Soccer Match at Eindhoven in The Netherlands in 2013
72(1)
5.3.5 A Gust of Wind at Delden in The Netherlands in 2013
73(1)
5.3.6 Boy Falls into Water Basin at Hengelo (O) in The Netherlands in 2013
74(1)
5.3.7 Damaged Cow Teats at Losser in The Netherlands in 2009
75(2)
6 Design with Ample Margins
77(21)
6.1 Introduction
77(1)
6.2 Transport
78(13)
6.2.1 Coach Accident in the Sierre Tunnel in Switzerland in 2012
78(1)
6.2.2 Accident with a Bus at Almelo in The Netherlands in 2003
79(1)
6.2.3 Accident in a Cable Railway at Kaprun in Austria in 2000
79(1)
6.2.4 Flashing Red Lights for Rail Transport
80(1)
6.2.5 Luge Accident at Whistler in Canada in 2010
81(1)
6.2.6 Concorde Accident at Paris in 2000
81(3)
6.2.7 Space Shuttle Challenger Accident in 1986
84(2)
6.2.8 Space Shuttle Columbia Accident in 2003
86(1)
6.2.9 Air France Flight AF 447 Accident in 2009
87(2)
6.2.10 Turkish Airways Flight TK1951 Accident Near Amsterdam in 2009
89(2)
6.3 Society
91(7)
6.3.1 Mine Accident at Lengede in Germany in 1963
91(1)
6.3.2 Collapse of Terminal 2E of Roissy Airport at Paris in 2004
92(3)
6.3.3 Escape of a Gorilla in a Zoological Garden at Rotterdam in The Netherlands in 2007
95(3)
7 The Risks of Enclosed Spaces
98(23)
7.1 Introduction
98(1)
7.2 Transport
99(5)
Lethal accident aboard the Dutch ship Lady Irina in 2013
7.3 Industry
104(7)
Lethal accident during maintenance of a phosphorus furnace at Flushing in The Netherlands in 2009
7.4 Society
111(10)
7.4.1 Fire in a Nightclub at West Warwick, Rhode Island in the United States in 2013
111(1)
7.4.2 Slurry Silo at Makkinga in The Netherlands in 2013
112(9)
8 Examples from the Chemical Industry
121(19)
8.1 Introduction
121(1)
8.2 Runaway Reaction at T2 Laboratories at Jacksonville, Florida in the United States in 2007
122(2)
8.3 Reactions with Epoxides
124(1)
8.4 Explosions at Shell Moerdijk at Moerdijk in The Netherlands in 2014
125(6)
8.5 DSM Melamine Plant Explosion at Geleen in The Netherlands in 2003
131(5)
8.6 Dryer Explosion in a Dow Plant at King's Lynn, Norfolk in the United Kingdom in 1976
136(4)
9 Gas Explosions
140(27)
9.1 Introduction
140(1)
9.2 Flashing Inflammable Liquids
141(2)
9.3 Mexico City in 1984
143(4)
9.4 Nijmegen in The Netherlands in 1978
147(4)
9.5 Los Alfaques in Spain in 1978
151(2)
9.6 Viareggio in Italy in 2009
153(1)
9.7 A Narrow Escape at Tilburg in The Netherlands in 2015
154(6)
9.8 Diemen in The Netherlands in 2014
160(7)
10 Nuclear Power Stations
167(36)
10.1 Introduction
167(3)
10.1.1 General
167(1)
10.1.2 Physics
168(2)
10.2 Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs)
170(5)
10.2.1 Introduction
170(2)
10.2.2 PWR
172(2)
10.2.3 BWR
174(1)
10.3 Three Mile Island (TMI)
175(5)
10.4 Fukushima Unit 1
180(6)
10.5 High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs)
186(13)
10.5.1 Introduction
186(3)
10.5.2 Safety Aspects of HTGRs
189(1)
10.5.3 PBR
190(6)
10.5.4 Prismatic Block Reactor
196(2)
10.5.5 Comparison Between PBR and Prismatic Block Reactor
198(1)
10.6 Comparison Between Light Water Reactors (LWRs, i.e. PWRs and BWRs) and HTGRs
199(4)
Index 203
C.M. VAN 'T LAND runs the consulting company Van 't Land Processing. He worked at Akzo Nobel Chemicals from 1968–2000 as a process engineer, and later, process development manager and project leader. He is the author of Drying in the Process Industry and Industrial Crystallization of Melts.