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E-grāmata: Safety of Dietary Supplements for Horses, Dogs, and Cats

  • Formāts: 216 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Dec-2008
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309678025
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  • Formāts: 216 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Dec-2008
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309678025
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Growing numbers of pet owners are giving their pets dietary supplements in hopes of supporting their health. Many people presume that supplements are safer than drugs, but the reality is that there are very limited safety data on dietary supplements for pets.



Many challenges stand in the way of determining whether animal dietary supplements are safe and at what dosage. Supplements considered safe in humans and other species are not always safe in horses, dogs, and cats. An improved adverse event reporting system is badly needed. Also, the absence of laws and regulations that specifically address animal dietary supplements causes considerable confusion to the industry and to the public. Clear and precise regulations are needed to allow only safe dietary supplements on the market.



This book examines issues in determining safety of animal dietary supplements in general, and the safety of three animal dietary supplements; lutein, evening primrose oil, and garlic, in particular.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary
Summary 1(1)
The Committee's Task
1(1)
Key Findings
1(1)
Specific Findings and Recommendations
2(2)
Conclusions
4(1)
Introduction and Background
5(6)
Significance of Animals and Dietary Supplements
5(1)
Regulation of Dietary Supplements
5(1)
Committee Charge
6(1)
General Terminology and Definition of Dietary Supplement
7(1)
Organization of the Report
8(1)
References
9(2)
Regulation of Dietary Supplements in the United States
11(8)
Regulation of Dietary Supplements for Human Consumption
11(2)
Regulation of Animal Dietary Supplements
13(3)
Regulatory Assessment of Safety
16(2)
References
18(1)
Assessing Safety of Animal Dietary Supplements
19(12)
Adverse Events Defined
19(2)
Signals of Adverse Events to Animal Dietary Supplements
21(1)
Other Relevant Safety Assessment Terms
21(1)
Assessment of Nutrient Safety
22(4)
Adverse Event Detection and Reporting for Animal Dietary Supplements
26(1)
An Algorithm of Safety Assessment for Animal Dietary Supplements
27(3)
References
30(1)
Factors Affecting Animal Dietary Supplement Safety
31(32)
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Affecting Animal Dietary Supplement Safety
31(2)
Biological Factors Affecting Animal Dietary Supplement Safety
33(25)
Summary
58(1)
References
59(4)
Categories of Scientific Evidence
63(10)
Evaluation Strategy
63(3)
Qualitative Evaluation
66(1)
Data From the Target Species
66(2)
Data From Other Animal Species
68(1)
Data From Humans
68(1)
Active Compounds
69(1)
Data From Related Substances
69(1)
Ex Vivo Data
70(1)
In Vitro Data
70(1)
Limitations
70(1)
References
71(2)
Lutein
73(26)
Description
73(6)
Biology
79(9)
Safety
88(5)
Current Regulatory Status of Lutein
93(1)
Limitations to the Assessment of Safety
93(1)
Risk Assessment
94(1)
Other Recommendations
95(1)
References
96(3)
Evening Primrose Oil
99(36)
Description
99(12)
Biology
111(6)
Safety
117(10)
Current Regulatory Status
127(1)
Limitations to the Assessment of Safety
127(1)
Risk Assessment
128(1)
Other Recommendations
129(1)
References
129(6)
Garlic
135(34)
Description
135(7)
Biology
142(3)
Safety
145(16)
Current Regulatory Status
161(1)
Limitations to the Assessment of Safety
161(1)
Risk Assessment
161(2)
Other Recommendations
163(2)
References
165(4)
General Considerations in Determining Safety of Animal Dietary Supplements
169(28)
Findings and Recommendations
169(3)
Comments on Specific Animal Dietary Supplements Reviewed
172(7)
APPENDIXES
A Committee Statement of Task
179(2)
B Abbreviatons and Acronyms
181(2)
C Glossary of Terms
183(6)
D Contributors
189(2)
E Committee Member Biographies
191(4)
F Recent Publications of the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
195(2)
Index 197
Committee on Examining the Safety of Dietary Supplements for Horses, Dogs, and Cats; National Research Council